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Yoshida M, Nakagawa D, Hozumi H, Horikawa Y, Makino S, Nakamura H, Shikata T. A New Concept for Interpretation of the Viscoelastic Behavior of Aqueous Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose Systems. Biomacromolecules 2024. [PMID: 38733614 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Viscoelastic behaviors of aqueous systems of commercially available sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (NaCMC) samples with the degrees of substitution (DS) of approximately 0.68 and 1.3, and the weight-average molar masses (Mw) higher than 200 kg mol-1 dissolved in pure water and aqueous sodium chloride solutions were investigated over a wide concentration (c) range of NaCMC samples. The dependencies of the specific viscosity (ηsp), the average relaxation time (τw), and the reciprocal of the steady-state compliance (Je-1) on c were discussed. The relationships ηsp ∝ c3, τw ∝ c2, and Je-1 ∝ c, characteristic of the rod particle suspensions, were clearly observed in a range lower than the c where the critical gel behavior was observed. Thus, a new concept based on the rheology of rod particle suspensions was employed to interpret the viscoelastic behaviors obtained in the c range. In this context, NaCMC polymer molecules are assumed to behave as extended rod particles with length (L) and diameter (d), including effective electrostatic repulsive distances, due to the dissociation of Na+ in aqueous systems. Thus, the number density of polymer molecules is given to be ν = c/Mw, and viscoelastic parameters such as ηsp, τw, and Je-1 are calculated using the theoretical model for rod particle suspensions proposed by Doi and Edwards. This concept reasonably described not only the viscoelastic data obtained in this study but also those from other groups using NaCMC samples with different DS and Mw values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misato Yoshida
- Division of Natural Resources and Eco-materials, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
- Cellulose Research Unit, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Daiki Nakagawa
- Division of Natural Resources and Eco-materials, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
- Cellulose Research Unit, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Hyota Hozumi
- Division of Natural Resources and Eco-materials, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
- Cellulose Research Unit, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Horikawa
- Division of Natural Resources and Eco-materials, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
- Cellulose Research Unit, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Soichiro Makino
- Toyota Central R&D Labs., Inc., 41-1 Yokomichi, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakamura
- Toyota Central R&D Labs., Inc., 41-1 Yokomichi, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Shikata
- Division of Natural Resources and Eco-materials, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
- Cellulose Research Unit, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
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Kurei T, Sakai S, Nakaba S, Funada R, Horikawa Y. Structural and mechanical roles of wood polymer assemblies in softwood revealed by gradual removal of polysaccharides or lignin. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:129270. [PMID: 38199531 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
A deep understanding of the inherent roles of wood polymers such as cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin in the hierarchical structure of wood is of key importance for advancing functional wood-based materials but is currently lacking. To address this gap, we clarified the underexplored contributions of wood polymer assemblies to the structural support and compressive properties of wood by chemically removing polysaccharides or lignin from wood blocks of a conifer Cryptomeria japonica. Compositional and structural evaluations revealed that cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin contributed to the dimensional stability of wood, especially that the polysaccharide network at cell corners sustained the honeycomb cell structure. Wood polymer assemblies featuring the anatomical structure of wood were also evaluated in terms of compressive properties. The modulus and strength reflected the density and anisotropy, whereas fracture behavior was well characterized by each wood polymer assembly through the classification of stress-strain curves based on principal component analysis. The difference in fracture behaviors indicated that the rigid lignin and flexible cellulose assemblies, possibly mediated by hemicelluloses, complementarily determine the unique compressive response of wood. These findings enable the adjustment of wood functionality and the selection of composite components for wood modification while inspiring the development of novel wood applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuki Kurei
- Department of Symbiotic Science of Environment and Natural Resources, United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Sakai
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nakaba
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Ryo Funada
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Horikawa
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
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Nakagawa D, Saiki E, Horikawa Y, Shikata T. Rigid Rod-like Viscoelastic Behaviors of Methyl Cellulose Samples with a Wide Range of Molar Masses Dissolved in Aqueous Solutions. Molecules 2024; 29:466. [PMID: 38257380 PMCID: PMC10818544 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The viscoelastic behaviors of aqueous solutions of commercially available methyl cellulose (MC) samples with a degree of substitution of 1.8 and a wide range of weight average molar masses (Mw) were investigated over a wide concentration (c) range at some temperatures from -10 to 25 °C. The viscoelastic parameters useful to discuss the structure and dynamics of MC-forming particles in aqueous solutions were precisely determined, such as the zero-shear viscosity (η0), the steady-state compliance (Je), the average relaxation time (τw), and the activation energy (E*) of τw. Because previously obtained scattering and intrinsic viscosity ([η]) data revealed that the MC samples possess a rigid rod-like structure in dilute aqueous solutions over the entire Mw range examined, the viscoelastic data obtained in this study were discussed in detail based on the concept of rigid rod particle suspension rheology. The obtained Je-1 was proportional to the number density of sample molecules (ν = cNAMw-1, where NA means the Avogadro's constant) over the ν range examined irrespective of Mw. The reduced relaxation time (4NAτw(3νJe [η]ηmMw)-1), where ηm means the medium viscosity, was proportional to (νL3)2, L; the average particle length depending on Mw for each sample was determined in a previous study; and the reduced specific viscosity (ηspNAL3(Mw [η])-1), where ηsp means the specific viscosity, was proportional to (νL3)3 in a range of νL3 < 3 × 102. These findings were typical characteristics of the rigid rod suspension rheology. Therefore, the MC samples behave as entangling rigid rod particles in the νL3 range from rheological points of view. A stepwise increase in E* was clearly observed in a c range higher than the [η]-1 value irrespective of Mw. This observation proposes that contact or entanglement formation between particles formed by MC molecules results in an increase in E*.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Nakagawa
- Cellulose Research Unit, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
- Division of Natural Resources and Eco-Materials, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Erika Saiki
- Cellulose Research Unit, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
- Division of Natural Resources and Eco-Materials, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Horikawa
- Cellulose Research Unit, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
- Division of Natural Resources and Eco-Materials, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Shikata
- Cellulose Research Unit, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
- Division of Natural Resources and Eco-Materials, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
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Saiki E, Iwase H, Horikawa Y, Shikata T. Structure and Conformation of Hydroxypropylmethyl Cellulose with a Wide Range of Molar Masses in Aqueous Solution─Effects of Hydroxypropyl Group Addition. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:4199-4207. [PMID: 37594913 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
The structure of hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HpMC) samples with a wide range of weight average molar masses (Mw) from 23 to 5000 kg mol-1, a controlled degree of substitution (DS) of 1.9 by methyl groups, and a molar substitution number (MS) of 0.25 by hydroxypropyl groups dissolved in aqueous solution was examined using static light scattering (SLS), dynamic light scattering (DLS), small-to-wide angle neutron scattering (S-WANS) techniques, and intrinsic viscosity ([η]) measurements. The determined Mw and the radius of gyration (Rg) showed the relationships Rg ∝ Mw1.0 and [η] ∝ Mw1.7 in a range of Mw < 100 kg mol-1, similar to rigid rod molecules in solution. However, exponents in the relationships decreased gradually with increasing Mw and reached ∼0.5 in a high Mw region, which is a typical value of flexible chain molecules for both Rg and [η]. These observations suggest that the HpMC samples behave as semiflexible rods with a certain persistence length (lp). The ratios of the hydrodynamic radius via DLS measurements to Rg also supported semiflexible rod behavior. Particle form factors and the average lengths (L) resulting from SLS and S-WANS experiments are well described with rigid rod particles in the range of Mw < 100 kg mol-1 and semiflexible rods with lp ∼ 100 nm in Mw > 100 kg mol-1. Because the average contour length (lc) calculated from Mw is approximately twice as long as L in the Mw range < 100 kg mol-1, the formed HpMC particles possess a folded hairpin-like elongated rigid rod structure. However, the lc/L value increases gradually in the range Mw > 200 kg mol-1, where the formed HpMC particles behave as semiflexible rods. The formed particle structure was substantially different from that found in methyl cellulose samples with a similar DS value, which showed rod-like behavior over a wide Mw range. The addition of hydroxypropyl groups only at MS = 0.25 effectively changed the formed particle structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Saiki
- Cellulose Research Unit, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
- Division of Natural Resources and Eco-materials, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Hiroki Iwase
- Neutron Science and Technology Center, Comprehensive Research Organization for Science and Society (CROSS), 162-1 Shirakata, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Horikawa
- Cellulose Research Unit, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
- Division of Natural Resources and Eco-materials, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Shikata
- Cellulose Research Unit, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
- Division of Natural Resources and Eco-materials, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
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Hirano S, Yamagishi Y, Nakaba S, Kajita S, Funada R, Horikawa Y. Artificially lignified cell wall catalyzed by peroxidase selectively localized on a network of microfibrils from cultured cells. Planta 2020; 251:104. [PMID: 32382847 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03396-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
An artificial lignified cell wall was synthesized in three steps: (1) isolation of microfibrillar network; (2) localization of peroxidase through immunoreaction; and (3) polymerization of DHP to lignify the cell wall. Artificial woody cell wall synthesis was performed following the three steps along with the actual formation in nature using cellulose microfibrils extracted from callus derived from Cryptomeria japonica. First, we constructed a polysaccharide network on a transmission electron microscopy (TEM) grid. The preparation method was optimized by chemical treatment, followed by mechanical fibrillation to create a microfibrillated network. Morphology was examined by TEM, and chemical characterization was by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Second, we optimized the process to place peroxidase on the microfibrils via an immunoreaction technique. Using a xyloglucan antibody, we could ensure that gold particles attached to the secondary antibodies were widely and uniformly localized along with the microfibril network. Third, we applied the peroxidase attached to secondary antibodies and started to polymerize the lignin on the grid by simultaneously adding coniferyl alcohol and hydrogen peroxide. After 30 min of artificial lignification, TEM observation showed that lignin-like substances were deposited on the polysaccharide network. In addition, FTIR spectra revealed that the bands specific for lignin had increased, demonstrating the successful artificial formation of woody cell walls. This approach may be useful for studying woody cell wall formation and for producing made-to-order biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiya Hirano
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yamagishi
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nakaba
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Shinya Kajita
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Ryo Funada
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Horikawa
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikaru Hasegawa
- Division of Natural Resources and Eco-materials, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
- Cellulose Research Unit, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Horikawa
- Division of Natural Resources and Eco-materials, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
- Cellulose Research Unit, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Shikata
- Division of Natural Resources and Eco-materials, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
- Cellulose Research Unit, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
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Arai K, Horikawa Y, Shikata T, Iwase H. Reconsideration of the conformation of methyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ethers in aqueous solution. RSC Adv 2020; 10:19059-19066. [PMID: 35518322 PMCID: PMC9053864 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra03437a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The structure and conformation of methyl cellulose (MC) and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HpMC) ether samples dissolved in dilute aqueous (D2O) solutions at a temperature of 25 °C were reconsidered in detail based on the experimental results obtained using small- and wide-angle neutron scattering (S-WANS) techniques in a range of scattering vectors (q) from 0.05 to 100 nm−1. MC samples exhibited an average degree of substitution (DS) by methyl groups per glucose unit of DS = 1.8 and the weight average molar mass of Mw = 37 × 103 and 79 × 103 g mol−1. On the other hand, HpMC samples possessed the average molar substitution number (MS) by hydroxypropyl groups per glucose unit of MS = 0.25, DS = 1.9, and Mw = 50 × 103 and 71 × 103 g mol−1. The concentration-reduced scattering intensity data gathered into a curve for the solutions of identical sample species clearly demonstrated the relationship I(q)c−1 ∝ q−1 in a q range from 0.05 to 2.0 nm−1, and small interference peaks were found at q ∼ 7 and 17 nm−1 for all examined sample solutions. These observations strongly revealed that form factors for both the MC and HpMC samples were perfectly described with that for long, rigid rod particles with average diameters of 0.8 and 0.9 nm, respectively, and with an inner structure with characteristic mean spacing distances of ca. 0.9 and 0.37 nm, respectively, regardless of the chemically modified conditions and molar masses. A rationally speculated structure model for the MC and HpMC samples dissolved in aqueous solution was proposed. A rod-like structure with once-folded highly extended hairpin-like conformation is constructed from methyl and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ethers in aqueous solution.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Arai
- Department of Symbiotic Science of Environment and Natural Resources
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
- Fuchu
- Japan
| | - Yoshiki Horikawa
- Department of Symbiotic Science of Environment and Natural Resources
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
- Fuchu
- Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Shikata
- Department of Symbiotic Science of Environment and Natural Resources
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
- Fuchu
- Japan
| | - Hiroki Iwase
- Neutron Science and Technology Center
- Comprehensive Research Organization for Science and Society (CROSS)
- Tokai
- Japan
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Horikawa Y, Hirano S, Mihashi A, Kobayashi Y, Zhai S, Sugiyama J. Prediction of Lignin Contents from Infrared Spectroscopy: Chemical Digestion and Lignin/Biomass Ratios of Cryptomeria japonica. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 188:1066-1076. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-019-02965-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Arai K, Horikawa Y, Shikata T. Transport Properties of Commercial Cellulose Nanocrystals in Aqueous Suspension Prepared from Chemical Pulp via Sulfuric Acid Hydrolysis. ACS Omega 2018; 3:13944-13951. [PMID: 30411054 PMCID: PMC6217681 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b01760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) sample prepared from chemical pulp via sulfuric acid hydrolysis procedures has been supplied by InnoTech Alberta Inc. in the shape of white dry powder as a prototype product. Some transport coefficients were precisely investigated for the CNC sample in aqueous suspensions at the room temperature of 25 °C such as the average rotational and translational diffusion coefficients (D r and D t) and viscoelastic relaxation times (τv) at dilute conditions. The determined values, D r ≈ 2.3 × 103 s-1 and D t ≈ 1.0 × 10-11 m2 s-1, using depolarized and usual dynamic light scattering (DLS) techniques, respectively, proposed the consistent length and width of L ≈ 170 nm and W ≈ 7.6 nm via a theoretical model for monodisperse rigid rods dispersed in pure water. The viscoelastic behavior for aqueous CNC suspensions containing spherical probe particles was examined using DLS rheological techniques. The obtained value of τv = 1.0 × 10-4 s fairly agrees with that of (6D r)-1 ≈ 7.4 × 10-5 s. Because the theoretical model for monodisperse rods denotes the relationship τv = (6D r)-1, this observation strongly confirms that the CNC sample behaves as approximately monodisperse rigid rodlike particles. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images clearly demonstrated a bimodal distribution in rod length with major and small minor peaks at ca. 150 and 240 nm, respectively. Then, the reason for the observed disagreement between the L values resulted from the transport coefficients and the major peak in TEM images is the presence of the small minor component with L ≈ 240 nm. Consequently, individual nanosize rodlike crystalline particles in the CNC sample well disperse without forming large aggregations because of strong interactions and behave as isolated individual rods in dilute aqueous suspensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Arai
- Department
of Symbiotic Science of Environment and Natural Resources,
United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Cellulose Research Unit, and Division of Natural
Resources and Eco-Materials, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Horikawa
- Department
of Symbiotic Science of Environment and Natural Resources,
United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Cellulose Research Unit, and Division of Natural
Resources and Eco-Materials, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Shikata
- Department
of Symbiotic Science of Environment and Natural Resources,
United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Cellulose Research Unit, and Division of Natural
Resources and Eco-Materials, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
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Funahashi R, Ono Y, Tanaka R, Yokoi M, Daido K, Inamochi T, Saito T, Horikawa Y, Isogai A. Changes in the degree of polymerization of wood celluloses during dilute acid hydrolysis and TEMPO-mediated oxidation: Formation mechanism of disordered regions along each cellulose microfibril. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 109:914-920. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.11.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Horikawa Y, Tokushima T, Takahashi O, Harada Y, Hiraya A, Shin S. Effect of amino group protonation on the carboxyl group in aqueous glycine observed by O 1s X-ray emission spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:23214-23221. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp08305j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The valence electronic structures of the amino acid glycine in aqueous solution were investigated in detail through X-ray emission spectroscopy at O 1s excitation under selective excitation conditions of the CO site in the carboxyl group.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - O. Takahashi
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Hiroshima University
- Higashi-Hiroshima
- Japan
| | - Y. Harada
- Institute for Solid State Physics
- The University of Tokyo
- Kashiwa
- Japan
- Synchrotron Radiation Research Organization
| | - A. Hiraya
- Department of Physical Science
- Hiroshima University
- Higashi-Hiroshima
- Japan
| | - S. Shin
- Institute for Solid State Physics
- The University of Tokyo
- Kashiwa
- Japan
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Sato H, Hamano M, Fushimi E, Takahashi T, Horikawa Y, Horiguchi S. Diabetic striatopathy manifesting as severe consciousness disturbance with no involuntary movements. Diabet Med 2017; 34:1795-1799. [PMID: 29044699 DOI: 10.1111/dme.13526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic striatopathy, one of the complications of diabetes mellitus, is characterized by involuntary movements, including hemichorea and hemiballismus, and the presence of hyperintense lesions on T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of the striatum. CASE REPORT We present a case of diabetic striatopathy manifesting as severe consciousness disturbance without chorea or ballismus. A 58-year-old man was admitted to our hospital in a state of unconsciousness. He was diagnosed with diabetic striatopathy as a result of extremely elevated blood glucose levels and typical magnetic resonance imaging findings in the left striatum, although involuntary movements were absent. He was treated with insulin, and his glucose levels were well maintained. His neuropsychiatric symptoms recovered, rather slowly but completely, after ~20 days. CONCLUSION This case indicates the diversity of striatal dysfunction induced by hyperglycaemia. For good prognosis of diabetic striatopathy, prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatments are important. Physicians should be aware that this disease can cause various neurological and psychiatric symptoms other than chorea or ballismus.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Sato
- Department of Gastroenterology and Diabetes, Hiraka General Hospital, Yokote, Japan
| | - M Hamano
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiraka General Hospital, Yokote, Japan
| | - E Fushimi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiraka General Hospital, Yokote, Japan
| | - T Takahashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiraka General Hospital, Yokote, Japan
| | - Y Horikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Diabetes, Hiraka General Hospital, Yokote, Japan
| | - S Horiguchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiraka General Hospital, Yokote, Japan
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Horikawa Y. P427 Eosinophils in nasal discharge and nasal cavity culture in children. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2017.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Gejo T, Oura M, Tokushima T, Horikawa Y, Arai H, Shin S, Kimberg V, Kosugi N. Resonant inelastic x-ray scattering and photoemission measurement of O2: Direct evidence for dependence of Rydberg-valence mixing on vibrational states in O 1s → Rydberg states. J Chem Phys 2017; 147:044310. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4994895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- T. Gejo
- University of Hyogo, Koto 3-2-1, Kamigori-cho 678-1297, Japan
- Riken SPring-8 Center, Koto 1-1-1, Sayo-cho 679-5148, Japan
| | - M. Oura
- Riken SPring-8 Center, Koto 1-1-1, Sayo-cho 679-5148, Japan
| | - T. Tokushima
- Riken SPring-8 Center, Koto 1-1-1, Sayo-cho 679-5148, Japan
| | - Y. Horikawa
- Riken SPring-8 Center, Koto 1-1-1, Sayo-cho 679-5148, Japan
| | - H. Arai
- Riken SPring-8 Center, Koto 1-1-1, Sayo-cho 679-5148, Japan
| | - S. Shin
- Riken SPring-8 Center, Koto 1-1-1, Sayo-cho 679-5148, Japan
- Institute for Solid State Physics (ISSP), University of Tokyo, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - V. Kimberg
- Royal Institute of Technology, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - N. Kosugi
- Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
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Sun SJ, Horikawa Y, Wada M, Sugiyama J, Imai T. Site-directed mutagenesis of bacterial cellulose synthase highlights sulfur–arene interaction as key to catalysis. Carbohydr Res 2016; 434:99-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Imai T, Sun SJ, Horikawa Y, Wada M, Sugiyama J. Correction to Functional Reconstitution of Cellulose Synthase in Escherichia coli. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:1551. [PMID: 26950186 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b00270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Adachi N, Adamovitch V, Adjovi Y, Aida K, Akamatsu H, Akiyama S, Akli A, Ando A, Andrault T, Antonietti H, Anzai S, Arkoun G, Avenoso C, Ayrault D, Banasiewicz M, Banaśkiewicz M, Bernardini L, Bernard E, Berthet E, Blanchard M, Boreyko D, Boros K, Charron S, Cornette P, Czerkas K, Dameron M, Date I, De Pontbriand M, Demangeau F, Dobaczewski Ł, Dobrzyński L, Ducouret A, Dziedzic M, Ecalle A, Edon V, Endo K, Endo T, Endo Y, Etryk D, Fabiszewska M, Fang S, Fauchier D, Felici F, Fujiwara Y, Gardais C, Gaul W, Gurin L, Hakoda R, Hamamatsu I, Handa K, Haneda H, Hara T, Hashimoto M, Hashimoto T, Hashimoto K, Hata D, Hattori M, Hayano R, Hayashi R, Higasi H, Hiruta M, Honda A, Horikawa Y, Horiuchi H, Hozumi Y, Ide M, Ihara S, Ikoma T, Inohara Y, Itazu M, Ito A, Janvrin J, Jout I, Kanda H, Kanemori G, Kanno M, Kanomata N, Kato T, Kato S, Katsu J, Kawasaki Y, Kikuchi K, Kilian P, Kimura N, Kiya M, Klepuszewski M, Kluchnikov E, Kodama Y, Kokubun R, Konishi F, Konno A, Kontsevoy V, Koori A, Koutaka A, Kowol A, Koyama Y, Kozioł M, Kozue M, Kravtchenko O, Kruczała W, Kudła M, Kudo H, Kumagai R, Kurogome K, Kurosu A, Kuse M, Lacombe A, Lefaillet E, Magara M, Malinowska J, Malinowski M, Maroselli V, Masui Y, Matsukawa K, Matsuya K, Matusik B, Maulny M, Mazur P, Miyake C, Miyamoto Y, Miyata K, Miyata K, Miyazaki M, Molȩda M, Morioka T, Morita E, Muto K, Nadamoto H, Nadzikiewicz M, Nagashima K, Nakade M, Nakayama C, Nakazawa H, Nihei Y, Nikul R, Niwa S, Niwa O, Nogi M, Nomura K, Ogata D, Ohguchi H, Ohno J, Okabe M, Okada M, Okada Y, Omi N, Onodera H, Onodera K, Ooki S, Oonishi K, Oonuma H, Ooshima H, Oouchi H, Orsucci M, Paoli M, Penaud M, Perdrisot C, Petit M, Piskowski A, Płocharski A, Polis A, Polti L, Potsepnia T, Przybylski D, Pytel M, Quillet W, Remy A, Robert C, Sadowski M, Saito M, Sakuma D, Sano K, Sasaki Y, Sato N, Schneider T, Schneider C, Schwartzman K, Selivanov E, Sezaki M, Shiroishi K, Shustava I, Śniecińska A, Stalchenko E, Staroń A, Stromboni M, Studzińska W, Sugisaki H, Sukegawa T, Sumida M, Suzuki Y, Suzuki K, Suzuki R, Suzuki H, Suzuki K, Świderski W, Szudejko M, Szymaszek M, Tada J, Taguchi H, Takahashi K, Tanaka D, Tanaka G, Tanaka S, Tanino K, Tazbir K, Tcesnokova N, Tgawa N, Toda N, Tsuchiya H, Tsukamoto H, Tsushima T, Tsutsumi K, Umemura H, Uno M, Usui A, Utsumi H, Vaucelle M, Wada Y, Watanabe K, Watanabe S, Watase K, Witkowski M, Yamaki T, Yamamoto J, Yamamoto T, Yamashita M, Yanai M, Yasuda K, Yoshida Y, Yoshida A, Yoshimura K, Żmijewska M, Zuclarelli E. Measurement and comparison of individual external doses of high-school students living in Japan, France, Poland and Belarus-the 'D-shuttle' project. J Radiol Prot 2016; 36:49-66. [PMID: 26613195 DOI: 10.1088/0952-4746/36/1/49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Twelve high schools in Japan (of which six are in Fukushima Prefecture), four in France, eight in Poland and two in Belarus cooperated in the measurement and comparison of individual external doses in 2014. In total 216 high-school students and teachers participated in the study. Each participant wore an electronic personal dosimeter 'D-shuttle' for two weeks, and kept a journal of his/her whereabouts and activities. The distributions of annual external doses estimated for each region overlap with each other, demonstrating that the personal external individual doses in locations where residence is currently allowed in Fukushima Prefecture and in Belarus are well within the range of estimated annual doses due to the terrestrial background radiation level of other regions/countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Adachi
- Adachi High School, 2-347 Kakunai, Nihonmatsu, Fukushima 964-0904, Japan
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Haga A, Kotoku J, Horikawa Y, Nakagawa K. SU-E-I-43: Photoelectric Cross Section Revisited. Med Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4924040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Horikawa Y, Imai M, Kanai K, Imai T, Watanabe T, Takabe K, Kobayashi Y, Sugiyama J. Line monitoring by near-infrared chemometric technique for potential ethanol production from hydrothermally treated Eucalyptus globulus. Biochem Eng J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
Cellulose is a high molecular weight polysaccharide of β1 → 4-d-glucan widely distributed in nature-from plant cell walls to extracellular polysaccharide in bacteria. Cellulose synthase, together with other auxiliary subunit(s) in the cell membrane, facilitates the fibrillar assembly of cellulose polymer chains into a microfibril. The gene encoding the catalytic subunit of cellulose synthase is cesA and has been identified in many cellulose-producing organisms. Very few studies, however, have shown that recombinant CesA protein synthesizes cellulose polymer, but the mechanism by which CesA protein synthesizes cellulose microfibrils is not known. Here we show that cellulose-synthesizing activity is successfully reconstituted in Escherichia coli by expressing the bacterial cellulose synthase complex of Gluconacetobacter xylinus: CesA and CesB (formerly BcsA and BcsB, respectively). Cellulose synthase activity was, however, only detected when CesA and CesB were coexpressed with diguanyl cyclase (DGC), which synthesizes cyclic-di-GMP (c-di-GMP), which in turn activates cellulose-synthesizing activity in bacteria. Direct observation by electron microscopy revealed extremely thin fibrillar structures outside E. coli cells, which were removed by cellulase treatment. This fiber structure is not likely to be the native crystallographic form of cellulose I, given that it was converted to cellulose II by a chemical treatment milder than ever described. We thus putatively conclude that this fine fiber is an unprecedented structure of cellulose. Despite the inability of the recombinant enzyme to synthesize the native structure of cellulose, the system described in this study, named "CESEC (CEllulose-Synthesizing E. Coli)", represents a useful tool for functional analyses of cellulose synthase and for seeding new nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Imai
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere (RISH), Kyoto University , Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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Horikawa Y, Enya M, Fushimi N, Fushimi Y, Takeda J. Screening of diabetes of youth for hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 mutations: clinical phenotype of HNF1β-related maturity-onset diabetes of the young and HNF1α-related maturity-onset diabetes of the young in Japanese. Diabet Med 2014; 31:721-7. [PMID: 24905847 DOI: 10.1111/dme.12416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 12/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM To compare the prevalence and clinical features of HNF1β-related MODY and HNF1α-related MODY in Japanese. METHODS We enrolled 230 Japanese patients with suspected MODY and examined them for HNF1α and HNF1β mutations. We characterized the clinical features of HNF1β-related MODY (HNF1β-MODY) and HNF1α-related MODY (HNF1α-MODY). RESULTS Six patients had HNF1β mutations, four of which were large gene deletions and 24 patients had HNF1α mutations, which included one gene deletion. The mean fasting plasma glucose level at onset of HNF1β-MODY was considerably higher and the age of onset of HNF1β-MODY was considerably older than they were for HNF1α-MODY, while the mean BMI and C-peptide index at onset were similar. Three patients with HNF1β-MODY were found to have dorsal pancreatic agenesis and four of them had whole-gene deletion. Five of the patients with HNF1β-MODY had insulin secretion defects and were treated with insulin, and four of these did not have a parent with overt diabetes. CONCLUSION HNF1β-MODY may present as β-cell dysfunction in Japanese rather than as hyperinsulinaemia, which it does among European/American. This dysfunction might result from an intrinsically lower capacity for insulin secretion in Japanese. HNF1β-MODY has an older age of onset than HNF1α-MODY, which may suggest lower penetrance of the disease. In addition, HNF1β-MODY has a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations, some of which are detectable by imaging. This may be helpful in some cases for selecting HNF1β-MODY candidates for genetic testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Horikawa
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Gifu University, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
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Horikawa Y, Konakahara N, Imai T, Kentaro A, Kobayashi Y, Sugiyama J. The structural changes in crystalline cellulose and effects on enzymatic digestibility. Polym Degrad Stab 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Inoue T, Sugimoto S, Horikawa Y, Kurokawa C, Fukata K, Isobe A, Ito K, Sasai K. SU-E-T-23: Evaluation of Inherent Dose-Uncertainty for VMAT Using a Dose-Uncertainty Model. Med Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4814457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Horikawa Y, Arai H, Tokushima T, Shin S. Spectral fingerprint in X-ray absorption for hydrogen-bonded dimer formation of acetic acids in solution. Chem Phys Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2011.11.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Horikawa Y, Imai T, Takada R, Watanabe T, Takabe K, Kobayashi Y, Sugiyama J. Chemometric analysis with near-infrared spectroscopy for chemically pretreated Erianthus toward efficient bioethanol production. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2011; 166:711-21. [PMID: 22127809 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-011-9460-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2011] [Accepted: 11/10/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we report the combination of a near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopic method with multivariate analysis in order to develop a calibration model of the saccharification ratio of chemically pretreated Erianthus. The regression models clearly depend on the NIR spectral regions, and the information of CH and aromatic framework vibrations contributed most effectively to the alkaline dataset. From interpretations of the regression coefficient, lignin and cellulose were negatively and positively correlated with the saccharification ratio, respectively, and this result was supported by the data from wet chemical analysis. A more complex dataset was obtained from varied chemical pretreatments; here, the saccharification ratio was either small or had no linear correlation with each structural monocomponent. These results enabled the successful construction of the PLS regression model. NIR spectroscopy can be a rapid screening method for the saccharification ratio, and furthermore, can provide information of the key factors influencing the realization of more efficient enzymatic accessibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Horikawa
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.
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Hashimoto A, Shimono K, Horikawa Y, Ichikawa T, Wada M, Imai T, Sugiyama J. Extraction of cellulose-synthesizing activity of Gluconacetobacter xylinus by alkylmaltoside. Carbohydr Res 2011; 346:2760-8. [PMID: 22070831 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2011.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2011] [Revised: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 09/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study reinvestigated the synthesis of cellulose in vitro with a well-known cellulose-producing bacterium, Gluconacetobacter xylinus. Alkylmaltoside detergents, which are more frequently used in recent structural biological researches, are uniquely used in this study to solubilize cellulose-synthesizing activity from the cell membrane of G. xylinus. Activity comparable to that previously reported is obtained, while the synthesized cellulose is crystallized into a non-native polymorph of cellulose (cellulose II) as well as the previous studies. In spite of this failure to recover the native activity to synthesize cellulose I microfibril in vitro, the product is a polymer with a degree of polymerization greater than 45 as determined by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS). It was thus concluded that the established protocol can solubilize cellulose-synthesizing activity of G. xylinus with polymerizing activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Hashimoto
- Research Institute of Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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Nakamura I, Makino A, Horikawa Y, Sugiyama J, Ohmae M, Kimura S. Preparation of fibrous cellulose by enzymatic polymerization using cross-linked mutant endoglucanase II. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:10127-9. [PMID: 21826367 DOI: 10.1039/c1cc14202j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A cross-linked mutant endoglucanase II was prepared for enzymatic polymerization to cellulose. The cross-linked enzyme is composed of three mutant enzymes showing polymerization activity. A characteristic feature of the polymerization with this cross-linked enzyme is formation of cellulose fibrils in contrast to plate-like crystals obtained by using a free enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itsuko Nakamura
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto-Daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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Tokushima T, Horikawa Y, Shin S. Triple-path collector optics for grazing incident x-ray emission spectrometer. Rev Sci Instrum 2011; 82:073108. [PMID: 21806173 DOI: 10.1063/1.3610454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A new type of collector optics was developed for grazing incident x-ray emission spectrometer. The collector optics used two cylindrical mirrors to add two extra light paths while keeping the center light path that directly illuminates the grating. The design and properties of the spectrometer using the triple-path collector optics were evaluated using ray-tracing simulations, and validity of this design in terms of throughput and energy resolution was confirmed by the experimentally obtained spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Tokushima
- RIKEN/SPring-8, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo, 679-5148, Japan
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Numakura K, Tsuchiya N, Tsuruta H, Obara T, Saito M, Inoue T, Narita S, Horikawa Y, Satoh S, Nanjyo H, Habuchi T. A Case of Intratesticular Endometrioid Papillary Cystadenocarcinoma. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2011; 41:674-6. [DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyr038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Horikawa Y, Tsuchiya N, Yuasa K, Narita S, Saito M, Takayama K, Nara T, Tsuruta H, Obara T, Numakura K, Satoh S, Habuchi T, Hu X, Guo J, Lin Z, Sun L, Xu Z, Cang C, Wang G, Kanda T, Sakamoto K, Matsuki A, Ohashi R, Hirota S, Fujimori Y, Matsuda Y, Yajima K, Kosugi S, Hatakeyama K, Kitahara K, Watanabe M, Nakazono S, Wada N, Kakizaki H, Li J, Gong FJ, Sun PN, Shen L, Li Q, Li N, Qiu M, Liu J, Yi C, Luo D, Li Z, Gou H, Yang Y, Cao D, Shen Y, Wang X, Xu F, Bi F, Li Q, Zhang X, Li N, Wei W, Luo HY, Wang ZQ, Wang FH, Qiu MZ, Teng KY, Ruan DY, He YJ, Li YH, Xu RH, Matsusaka S, Mizunuma N, Suenaga M, Shinozaki E, Mishima Y, Terui Y, Hatake K, Nara E, Kodaira M, Mishima Y, Yokoyama M, Saotome T, Terui Y, Takahashi S, Hatake K, Nishimura N, Nakano K, Kodaira M, Ueda K, Yamada S, Mishima Y, Yokoyama M, Saotome T, Takahashi S, Terui Y, Hatake K, Nozawa M, Mochida Y, Nishigaki K, Nagae S, Uemura H, Oh SY, Jeong CY, Hong SC, Lee WS, Kim HG, Lee GW, Hwang IG, Jang JS, Kwon HC, Kang JH, Ozaka M, Ogura M, Matsusaka S, Shinozaki E, Suenaga M, Chin K, Mizunuma N, Hatake K, Pua PF, Ganzon D, Chan V, Sailaja K, Vishnupriya S, Raghunadharao D, Markandeya G, Reddy PRK, Reddanna P, Praveen D, Sakamoto K, Kanda T, Matsuki A, Takano T, Hanyu T, Yajima K, Kosugi S, Hirota S, Hatakeyama K, Shigekawa T, Ijichi N, Takayama S, Tsuda H, Ikeda K, Horie K, Osaki A, Saeki T, Inoue S, Subhashini J, Rajesh B, Rajesh I, Ravindran P, Takagi K, Chin K, Oba M, Kuboki Y, Ichimura T, Oto M, Kawazoe Y, Watanabe T, Ozaka M, Ogura M, Suenaga M, Shinozaki E, Matsusaka S, Mizunuma N, Hatake K, Ueda K, Saotome T, Yamada S, Nishimura N, Nara E, Nakano K, Kodaira M, Katsube A, Mishima Y, Terui Y, Yokoyama M, Takahashi S, Hatake K, Yao X, Yang Q, Li C, Diao L, Chen X, Yu Z, Zuo W, Wang Y, He Y, Zhang X, Cai S, Wang Z, Xu J, Zhan W, Zhang YF, Misumi M, Takeuchi H, Nakamiya N, Shigekawa T, Matsuura K, Fujiuchi N, Osaki A, Saeki T. CLINICAL OUTCOMES. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyq254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Yuasa T, Maita S, Tsuchiya N, Mitobe Y, Narita S, Horikawa Y, Fukui I, Hatake K, Kimura S, Maekawa T, Habuchi T. ABSTRACT WINNER: BASIC SCIENCE CATEGORY. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyq251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Nakamura I, Horikawa Y, Makino A, Sugiyama J, Kimura S. Enzymatic Polymerization Catalyzed by Immobilized Endoglucanase on Gold. Biomacromolecules 2011; 12:785-90. [DOI: 10.1021/bm101394j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Itsuko Nakamura
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto-Daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Horikawa
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere (RISH), Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Akira Makino
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto-Daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Junji Sugiyama
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere (RISH), Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Shunsaku Kimura
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto-Daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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Nakashima K, Nishino A, Horikawa Y, Hirose E, Sugiyama J, Satoh N. The crystalline phase of cellulose changes under developmental control in a marine chordate. Cell Mol Life Sci 2010; 68:1623-31. [PMID: 20972815 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-010-0556-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2010] [Revised: 10/04/2010] [Accepted: 10/04/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Oura M, Takahashi O, Gejo T, Tokushima T, Horikawa Y, Senba Y, Ohashi H, Shin S. Vibrationally resolved resonant x-ray emission spectra of diatomic molecules. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/235/1/012016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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36
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Huang C, Wikfeldt KT, Tokushima T, Nordlund D, Harada Y, Bergmann U, Niebuhr M, Weiss TM, Horikawa Y, Leetmaa M, Ljungberg MP, Takahashi O, Lenz A, Ojamäe L, Lyubartsev AP, Shin S, Pettersson LGM, Nilsson A. The inhomogeneous structure of water at ambient conditions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:15214-8. [PMID: 19706484 PMCID: PMC2741230 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0904743106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 384] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) is used to demonstrate the presence of density fluctuations in ambient water on a physical length-scale of approximately 1 nm; this is retained with decreasing temperature while the magnitude is enhanced. In contrast, the magnitude of fluctuations in a normal liquid, such as CCl(4), exhibits no enhancement with decreasing temperature, as is also the case for water from molecular dynamics simulations under ambient conditions. Based on X-ray emission spectroscopy and X-ray Raman scattering data we propose that the density difference contrast in SAXS is due to fluctuations between tetrahedral-like and hydrogen-bond distorted structures related to, respectively, low and high density water. We combine our experimental observations to propose a model of water as a temperature-dependent, fluctuating equilibrium between the two types of local structures driven by incommensurate requirements for minimizing enthalpy (strong near-tetrahedral hydrogen-bonds) and maximizing entropy (nondirectional H-bonds and disorder). The present results provide experimental evidence that the extreme differences anticipated in the hydrogen-bonding environment in the deeply supercooled regime surprisingly remain in bulk water even at conditions ranging from ambient up to close to the boiling point.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Huang
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, P.O.B. 20450, Stanford, CA 94309
| | | | - T. Tokushima
- RIKEN/SPring-8, Sayo-cho, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - D. Nordlund
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, P.O.B. 20450, Stanford, CA 94309
| | - Y. Harada
- RIKEN/SPring-8, Sayo-cho, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - U. Bergmann
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, P.O.B. 20450, Stanford, CA 94309
| | - M. Niebuhr
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, P.O.B. 20450, Stanford, CA 94309
| | - T. M. Weiss
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, P.O.B. 20450, Stanford, CA 94309
| | - Y. Horikawa
- RIKEN/SPring-8, Sayo-cho, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
- Department of Physical Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | | | | | - O. Takahashi
- Department of Chemistry, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - A. Lenz
- Department of Chemistry, Linköping University, S-581 83 Linköping, Sweden; and
| | - L. Ojamäe
- Department of Chemistry, Linköping University, S-581 83 Linköping, Sweden; and
| | - A. P. Lyubartsev
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Stockholm University, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S. Shin
- RIKEN/SPring-8, Sayo-cho, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
- Institute for Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | | | - A. Nilsson
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, P.O.B. 20450, Stanford, CA 94309
- FYSIKUM, AlbaNova, and
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37
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Horikawa
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Junji Sugiyama
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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Kanzaki T, Horikawa Y, Makino A, Sugiyama J, Kimura S. Nanotube and Three-Way Nanotube Formation with Nonionic Amphiphilic Block Peptides. Macromol Biosci 2008; 8:1026-33. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.200800071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Hirata T, Fujimura F, Horikawa Y, Sugiyama J, Morita T, Kimura S. Molecular assembly formation of cyclic hexa-β-peptide composed of acetylated glycosamino acids. Biopolymers 2007; 88:150-6. [PMID: 17260351 DOI: 10.1002/bip.20694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A novel cyclic hexamer of acetylated beta-glycosamino acid was synthesized and its conformation and molecular assembly formation was investigated. Variable temperature NMR study indicated that the cyclic hexapeptide took a C(3) symmetric conformation at room temperature, but at elevated temperatures a C(6) symmetric one, which was not due to averaging of the C(3) symmetric conformation, appeared. Computational geometry optimization showed that the C(6) symmetric conformation was a highly planar structure with amide groups orienting perpendicular to the ring plane. The cyclic hexa-beta-peptide formed rod-shaped crystals from an N,N-dimethyl formamide solution at elevated temperature. The optical microscopy observation with a sensitive tint plate under cross-nicol configuration and electron diffraction analysis of the crystals revealed that the cyclic hexa-beta-peptides were stacked one after the other to form a regular nanotube structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Hirata
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto-Daigaku-Katsura, Kyoto, Japan
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Fujimura F, Horikawa Y, Morita T, Sugiyama J, Kimura S. Double Assembly Composed of Lectin Association with Columnar Molecular Assembly of Cyclic Tri-β-peptide Having Sugar Units. Biomacromolecules 2006; 8:611-6. [PMID: 17291084 DOI: 10.1021/bm060862d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel double assembly was prepared by association between a columnar molecular assembly of cyclic tri-beta-peptides having sugar units and lectins. The NMR, FT-IR, and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy as well as computational calculations revealed that this compound took a flat and C3 symmetrical conformation and that the amide N-H and C=O groups protruded vertically to the ring plane. This disk-shaped molecule stacked one by one to form a columnar structure via intermolecular hydrogen bonds between the amide groups. WGA lectin moderately bound to this columnar assembly to form a double assembly. Another lectin (Con A) disturbed the columnar structure upon strong binding, and RCA lectin showed no binding. Fluorescence spectroscopy revealed that the association between WGA lectin and columnar assembly of cyclic glycopeptide could be achieved due to the high density of the hydroxyl groups on the assembly surface (cluster effects). Interestingly, after cross-linking the lectins bound to the columnar assembly (the double assembly) by glutaraldehyde, the core column of cyclic tri-beta-peptides could be washed away to leave the protein nanotube.
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Affiliation(s)
- Futoshi Fujimura
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto-Daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Irie
- a Institute of Advanced Material Study, Kyushu University Kasuga-Koen, Fukuoka and Development Lab. Kanebo Ltd. Miyakojima , Osaka , Japan
| | - O. Miyatake
- a Institute of Advanced Material Study, Kyushu University Kasuga-Koen, Fukuoka and Development Lab. Kanebo Ltd. Miyakojima , Osaka , Japan
| | - R. Sumiya
- a Institute of Advanced Material Study, Kyushu University Kasuga-Koen, Fukuoka and Development Lab. Kanebo Ltd. Miyakojima , Osaka , Japan
| | - M. Hanazawa
- a Institute of Advanced Material Study, Kyushu University Kasuga-Koen, Fukuoka and Development Lab. Kanebo Ltd. Miyakojima , Osaka , Japan
| | - Y. Horikawa
- a Institute of Advanced Material Study, Kyushu University Kasuga-Koen, Fukuoka and Development Lab. Kanebo Ltd. Miyakojima , Osaka , Japan
| | - K. Uchida
- a Institute of Advanced Material Study, Kyushu University Kasuga-Koen, Fukuoka and Development Lab. Kanebo Ltd. Miyakojima , Osaka , Japan
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Fujimura F, Hirata T, Morita T, Kimura S, Horikawa Y, Sugiyama J. Columnar Assembly of Cyclic β-Amino Acid Functionalized with Pyranose Rings. Biomacromolecules 2006; 7:2394-400. [PMID: 16903687 DOI: 10.1021/bm060415y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel cyclic trimer and tetramer of protected beta-glycamino acids were synthesized and investigated on conformation and assembly formation. A characteristic point of these cyclic beta-glycamino acids is their better solubility than other cyclic beta-amino acids due to the pyranose rings. Thus, the assembling process of the cyclic molecules could be examined by CD or NMR spectroscopy. FT-IR and NMR measurements and geometry optimization revealed a highly symmetric and planar conformation for each cyclic beta-peptide with all-trans amide groups. The amide groups in the cyclic peptides took a vertical orientation against the cyclic skeleton to be suitably arranged for intermolecular hydrogen bonds, which should promote formation of molecular assembly in a columnar structure through molecular stacking. These cyclic beta-peptides were successfully crystallized to yield rod-shaped molecular assemblies in nanometer sizes. Evidence for the columnar structure in the crystals was obtained by electron diffraction analysis, which showed a layer spacing of ca. 4.8 A. Interestingly, the molecular assembly of the cyclic trimer showed a high aspect ratio, width less than 40 nm, and length more than 2 mum, suggesting stable molecular stacking in the column.
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Affiliation(s)
- Futoshi Fujimura
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto-Daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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Toyoda S, Takeuchi D, Asai T, Komuro K, Horikawa Y. Spin–spin relaxation times of the center in quartz with and without irradiation: implications for the formation process of the oxygen vacancies in nature. RADIAT MEAS 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2004.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Wang H, Horikawa Y, Jin L, Narita T, Yamada S, Shihara N, Tatemoto K, Muramatsu M, Mune T, Takeda J. Gene expression profile in rat pancreatic islet and RINm5F cells. J Mol Endocrinol 2005; 35:1-12. [PMID: 16087717 DOI: 10.1677/jme.1.01738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
To clarify tissue-specificity of pancreatic beta cells, comparison of mRNA expression in various conditions of the tissue of multiple organisms is important. Although the developed methodologies for mRNA monitoring such as microarray, rely on the growth of dbEST (database of expressed sequence tag), a large number of unknown genes in the genome, especially in the rat, have not been shown to be expressed. In this study, we have established the first database of ESTs from rat pancreatic islet and RINm5F cells. Two cDNA libraries were constructed using mRNAs from rat pancreatic islet and RINm5F cells to cover a wider spectrum of expressed genes. Over 40,000 clones were randomly selected from the two libraries and partially sequenced. The sequences obtained were subjected to BLAST database analyses. This large-scale sequencing generated 40,710 3'-ESTs. Clustering analysis and homology search of nucleotide and peptide databases using both 3'- and 5'-ESTs revealed 10,406 non-redundant transcripts representing 4078 known genes or homologs and 6328 unknown genes. To confirm actual expression, the unknown sequences were further subjected to dbEST search, resulting in the identification of 5432 significant matches to those from other sources. Interestingly, of the remaining sequences showing no match, 779 were found to be encoded by exon-intron organization in the corresponding genomic sequences, suggesting that these are newly found as actually expressed in this study. Since many genes are up- or down-regulated in differing conditions, applications of the expression profile should facilitate identification of the genes involved in cell-specific functions in normal and disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Department of Cell Biology, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
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Otaka M, Jin M, Odashima M, Matsuhashi T, Wada I, Horikawa Y, Komatsu K, Ohba R, Oyake J, Hatakeyama N, Watanabe S. New strategy of therapy for functional dyspepsia using famotidine, mosapride and amitriptyline. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2005; 21 Suppl 2:42-6. [PMID: 15943846 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2005.02473.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In functional gastrointestinal (GI) disorders including functional dyspepsia (FD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), there might be no small extent of contributions of psychosomatic factors. As a therapy for IBS patients, the effectiveness of antidepressants has been reported. AIM In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of H2-receptor antagonist (famotidine) and 5-HT4 receptor agonist (mosapride citrate). In addition, the effect of antidepressants was assessed as the second-step therapy. METHODS Patients complaining upper GI symptoms were diagnosed as FD excluding organic diseases. Randomized patients received 20 mg/day of famotidine or 15 mg/day of mosapride citrate for 4 weeks and the efficacy was compared between the two groups based on a 10-point visual analogue scale. When symptoms were not relieved (score improvement 0-2 points), patients received amitriptyline (30 mg/day) or no medication for 4 weeks randomly. Patients who had depression in psychological test (SDS) were omitted. RESULTS As the first-step therapy, both famotidine and mosapride showed beneficial effects regardless of FD subtypes, age and gender. The efficacy of these two drugs in relieving FD symptoms was not significantly different. In patients who failed in the first-step therapy, amitriptyline showed beneficial effects. CONCLUSIONS These findings might be clinically important in view of the efficient relief of symptoms in FD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Otaka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Akita University School of Medicine, Hondu, Akita, Japan.
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Numakura K, Satoh S, Tsuchiya N, Horikawa Y, Inoue T, Kakinuma H, Togashi H, Matsuura S, Tada H, Suzuki T, Habuchi T. Incidence and Risk Factors of Clinical Characteristics, Tacrolimus Pharmacokinetics, and Related Genomic Polymorphisms for Posttransplant Diabetes Mellitus in the Early Stage of Renal Transplant Recipients. Transplant Proc 2005; 37:1865-7. [PMID: 15919487 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2005.02.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Posttransplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) is an important complication in a tacrolimus (TAC)-based immunosuppressive regimen. The present study investigated the incidence, clinical risk factors, TAC pharmacokinetics (PK), and genomic polymorphisms related to TAC-PK or diabetes mellitus (DM) under the TAC-based immunosuppressive protocol. PATIENTS AND METHODS Seventy-one nondiabetic renal allograft recipients transplanted from February 1998 to March 2004 were studied. Patients with over 6.5 mg/dL of hemoglobin A1c on sequential blood samples or requiring insulin or oral antidiabetic agents around 6 months after transplantation were diagnosed as having PTDM. RESULTS Six months after transplantation, 10 recipients (14.1%) developed PTDM. The positive risk factors were age (P = .003) and body mass index (P = .035). There were no significant differences in gender distribution, pretransplant dialysis period, dialysis modality, acute rejection rate, total steroid doses, TAC-PK, or its related genomic polymorphisms between the two groups. In the DM-related polymorphisms, the frequency of PTDM was significant higher in patients with the VDR TaqI tt or Tt genotype than in those with the TT genotype (P = .013). After a multivariate analysis, age over 50 years (P = .007, odds ratio 8.92) and the presence of VDR TaqI t allele (P = .043, odds ratio 6.71) were correlated with the development of PTDM. CONCLUSION The incidence of PTDM in our series was 14.1%. Age over 50 years was a risk factor. The presence of VDR TaqI t allele might be a risk for PTDM. An association between TAC-PK and development of PTDM was not observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Numakura
- Department of Urology, Akita University School of Medicine, Hondo, Akita, Japan
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Shihara N, Horikawa Y, Onishi T, Ono M, Kashimada K, Takeda J. Identification of a new case of hepatocyte nuclear factor-1beta mutation with highly varied phenotypes. Diabetologia 2004; 47:1128-9. [PMID: 15168014 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-004-1402-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2004] [Accepted: 03/26/2004] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kon T, Ishihara N, Kamimura T, Tanaka R, Ito J, Horikawa Y, Saito I. Unusual MRI findings of hypertrophic pachymeningitis with irregular dural thickening and severe brain oedema. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrex.2004.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Insufficient acid suppression is one of the main causes of proton pump inhibitor-refractory gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. AIM To achieve more potent and long-lasting acid suppression, different dosage regimens of rabeprazole were compared in relation to the CYP2C19 genotype status. METHODS In a cross-over study, 18 healthy Helicobacter pylori-negative males (six homozygous extensive metabolizers, six heterozygous extensive metabolizers and six poor metabolizers) were given rabeprazole 10 mg once daily, 20 mg once daily or 10 mg twice daily, or water only (baseline data), for 7 days each. On day 7 of each regimen, 24-h intragastric pH-metry was performed. RESULTS No significant differences were observed in median pH values and pH>4 holding time ratios between rabeprazole 10 mg once daily and 20 mg once daily. However, with rabeprazole 10 mg twice daily, these parameters were significantly higher than those with 20 mg once daily. The potency of acid suppression by rabeprazole was influenced by the CYP2C19 genotype status. The differences were somewhat significant but not large. The incidence of nocturnal acid breakthrough was lowest with rabeprazole 10 mg twice daily. CONCLUSIONS Rabeprazole 10 mg twice daily, not 20 mg once daily, should be administered to achieve more potent and long-lasting acid suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Shimatani
- Department of General Medicine, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan.
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Abstract
In order to understand the tIssue specificity of the endocrine pancreas, it is important to clarify the expression profile of mRNAs in various states of the tIssue. A total of approximately 9000 non-redundant expressed genes from human pancreatic islets and insulinoma have so far been determined as expressed sequence tags (ESTs) and deposited in public databases. In the present study towards the identification of a complete set of genes expressed in human pancreatic islets, we have determined 3'-ESTs of 21267 clones randomly selected from a cDNA library of human pancreatic islet tumors. Clustering analysis generated 6157 non-redundant sequences comprising 2323 groups and 3834 singletons. Nucleotide and peptide database searches show that 3103 of them represent known human sequences or homologs of genes identified in other species and 58 are new members of structurally related families. The sequences were classified on the basis of the putative protein functions encoded, and were assigned to the respective chromosome by database analysis. The sequences were also compared with the EST databases (dbEST and EPConDB) including ESTs from normal pancreatic islet, insulinoma, and fetal pancreas. Since 3384 genes were newly found to be expressed in human pancreatic islets and 587 of them were unique to the islets, this study has considerably expanded the catalog of genes expressed in the endocrine pancreas. The larger collection of pancreatic islet-related ESTs should provide a better genome source for molecular studies of differentiation, tIssue-specific functions, and tumorigenesis of the endocrine pancreas as well as for genetic studies of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Jin
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8512, Japan
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