Lin CD, Kou YY, Liao CY, Li CH, Huang SP, Cheng YW, Liao WC, Chen HX, Wu PL, Kang JJ, Lee CC, Lai CH. Zinc oxide nanoparticles impair bacterial clearance by macrophages.
Nanomedicine (Lond) 2014;
9:1327-39. [PMID:
24628689 DOI:
10.2217/nnm.14.48]
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Abstract
AIM
The extensive development of nanoparticles (NPs) and their widespread employment in daily life have led to an increase in environmental concentrations of substances that may pose a biohazard to humans. The aim of this work was to examine the effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) on the host's pulmonary immune system response to nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) infection.
MATERIALS & METHODS
A murine infection model was employed to assess pulmonary inflammation and bacterial clearance in response to exposure to ZnO-NPs. The molecular mechanisms underlying ZnO-NP-impaired macrophage activation were investigated.
RESULTS
Treatment with ZnO-NPs impaired macrophage activation, leading to a delay in NTHi clearance in the bronchial alveolar lavage fluids and lungs. Exposure to ZnO-NPs followed by NTHi challenge decreased levels of nitric oxide compared with NTHi infection alone. The effects of ZnO-NPs involved downregulation of NTHi-activated expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and the translocation of active NF-kB into the nucleus.
CONCLUSION
These results demonstrate that exposure to ZnO-NPs can impair innate immune responses and attenuate macrophage responses to bacterial infection.
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