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Chiu CC, Cheng KC, Lin YH, He CX, Bow YD, Li CY, Wu CY, Wang HMD, Sheu SJ. Prolonged Exposure to High Glucose Induces Premature Senescence Through Oxidative Stress and Autophagy in Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2023; 71:21. [PMID: 37638991 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-023-00686-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Chronic hyperglycemia involves persistent high-glucose exposure and correlates with retinal degeneration. It causes various diseases, including diabetic retinopathy (DR), a major cause of adult vision loss. Most in vitro studies have investigated the damaging short-term effects of high glucose exposure on retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. DR is also a severe complication of diabetes. In this study, we established a model with prolonged high-glucose exposure (15 and 75 mM exogenous glucose for two months) to mimic RPE tissue pathophysiology in patients with hyperglycemia. Prolonged high-glucose exposure attenuated glucose uptake and clonogenicity in ARPE-19 cells. It also significantly increased reactive oxygen species levels and decreased antioxidant protein (superoxide dismutase 2) levels in RPE cells, possibly causing oxidative stress and DNA damage and impairing proliferation. Western blotting showed that autophagic stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and genotoxic stress were induced by prolonged high-glucose exposure in RPE cells. Despite a moderate apoptotic cell population detected using the Annexin V-staining assay, the increases in the senescence-associated proteins p53 and p21 and SA-β-gal-positive cells suggest that prolonged high-glucose exposure dominantly sensitized RPE cells to premature senescence. Comprehensive next-generation sequencing suggested that upregulation of oxidative stress and DNA damage-associated pathways contributed to stress-induced premature senescence of ARPE-19 cells. Our findings elucidate the pathophysiology of hyperglycemia-associated retinal diseases and should benefit the future development of preventive drugs. Prolonged high-glucose exposure downregulates glucose uptake and oxidative stress by increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production through regulation of superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) expression. Autophagic stress, ER stress, and DNA damage stress (genotoxic stress) are also induced by prolonged high-glucose exposure in RPE cells. Consequently, multiple stresses induce the upregulation of the senescence-associated proteins p53 and p21. Although both apoptosis and premature senescence contribute to high glucose exposure-induced anti-proliferation of RPE cells, the present work shows that premature senescence rather than apoptosis is the dominant cause of RPE degeneration, eventually leading to the pathogenesis of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Chih Chiu
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Chun Cheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsiung Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
- Center for Lipid Biosciences, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
- Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Xi He
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Ding Bow
- Ph.D. Program in Life Sciences, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yang Li
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Yi Wu
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Min David Wang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Shwu-Jiuan Sheu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.
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Bow YD, Ko CC, Chang WT, Chou SY, Hung CT, Huang JL, Tseng CH, Chen YL, Li RN, Chiu CC. A novel quinoline derivative, DFIQ, sensitizes NSCLC cells to ferroptosis by promoting oxidative stress accompanied by autophagic dysfunction and mitochondrial damage. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:171. [PMID: 37587444 PMCID: PMC10433610 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-02984-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of nonapoptotic programmed cell death inducers as anticancer agents has emerged as a cancer therapy field. Ferroptosis, ferrous ion-driven programmed cell death that is induced by redox imbalance and dysfunctional reactive oxygen species (ROS) clearance, is triggered during sorafenib and PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy. DFIQ, a quinoline derivative, promotes apoptosis by disrupting autophagic flux and promoting ROS accumulation. Our pilot experiments suggest that DFIQ participates in ferroptosis sensitization. Thus, in this study, we aimed to reveal the mechanisms of DFIQ in ferroptosis sensitization and evaluate the clinical potential of DFIQ. METHODS We treated the non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines H1299, A549, and H460 with the ferroptosis inducer (FI) DFIQ and analyzed viability, protein expression, ROS generation, and fluorescence staining at different time points. Colocalization analysis was performed with ImageJ. RESULTS DFIQ sensitized cells to FIs such as erastin and RSL3, resulting in a decrease in IC50 of at least 0.5-fold. Measurement of ROS accumulation to explore the underlying mechanism indicated that DFIQ and FIs treatment promoted ROS accumulation and SOD1/SOD2 switching. Mitochondria, known ROS sources, produced high ROS levels during DFIQ/FI treatment. RSL3 treatment promoted mitochondrial damage and mitophagy, an autophagy-associated mitochondrial recycling system, and cotreatment with DFIQ induced accumulation of mitochondrial proteins, which indicated disruption of mitophagic flux. Thus, autophagic flux was measured in cells cotreated with DFIQ. DFIQ treatment was found to disrupt autophagic flux, leading to accumulation of damaged mitochondria and eventually inducing ferroptosis. Furthermore, the influence of DFIQ on the effects of clinical FIs, such as sorafenib, was evaluated, and DFIQ was discovered to sensitize NSCLC cells to sorafenib and promote ferroptosis. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that DFIQ not only promotes NSCLC apoptosis but also sensitizes cells to ferroptosis by disrupting autophagic flux, leading to accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria and thus to ferroptosis. Ferroptosis is a novel therapeutic target in cancer therapy. DFIQ shows the potential to enhance the effects of FIs in NSCLC and act as a potential therapeutic adjuvant in ferroptosis-mediated therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Ding Bow
- PhD Program in Life Sciences, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chung Ko
- Department of Medical Imaging, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, 71004, Taiwan
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, 71710, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Tsan Chang
- Division of General and Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Sih-Yan Chou
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Tzu Hung
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Jau-Ling Huang
- Department of Bioscience Technology, College of Health Science, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, 71101, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hua Tseng
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yeh-Long Chen
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Ruei-Nian Li
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environment Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Chien-Chih Chiu
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan.
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.
- National Laboratory Animal Center, National Applied Research Laboratories, Taipei, 11571, Taiwan.
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Chen SY, Chiu CC, Hung CT, Pan WH, Chen YC, Bow YD, Li WJ, Hsu SK, Lin IL, Wen ZH, Wu CY. Diphenyl disulfide potentiates the apoptosis of breast cancer cells through Bax proteolytic activation with accompanying autophagy. Environ Toxicol 2023. [PMID: 37163415 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, and chemoresistance often leads to poor patient outcomes. In this study, we investigated the anticancer activity of synthetic diphenyl disulfide (DPDS) in breast cancer cell lines. DPDS inhibited cellular proliferation and viability in a dose-dependent manner and reduced colony formation, an index of clonogenicity. Annexin-V and 7-AAD double staining showed that DPDS could induce the apoptosis of breast cancer cells. Western blotting of the expression of Bax p21 and its cleaved form p18 suggested the activation of p18 Bax-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, the increased expression of the autophagy marker LC3B-II indicated autophagic lysosome accumulation induced by DPDS. Our findings suggest that DPDS has potential as a candidate for treating breast cancer, and further modifications and optimizations are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Yuan Chen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Zuoying Branch of Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chih Chiu
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- National Laboratory Animal Center, National Applied Research Laboratories, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Tzu Hung
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hsiung Pan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chun Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Ding Bow
- Ph.D. Program in Life Sciences, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ju Li
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Kai Hsu
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - I-Ling Lin
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Zhi-Hong Wen
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Research, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Yi Wu
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Chiu CC, Chen YC, Bow YD, Chen JYF, Liu W, Huang JL, Shu ED, Teng YN, Wu CY, Chang WT. diTFPP, a Phenoxyphenol, Sensitizes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells to C2-Ceramide-Induced Autophagic Stress by Increasing Oxidative Stress and ER Stress Accompanied by LAMP2 Hypoglycosylation. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14102528. [PMID: 35626132 PMCID: PMC9139631 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14102528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Chemotherapy is the major treatment modality for advanced or unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Unfortunately, chemoresistance carries a poor prognosis in HCC patients. Exogenous ceramide, a sphingolipid, has been well documented to exert anticancer effects; however, recent reports showed ceramide resistance, which limits the development of the ceramide-based cancer treatment diTFPP, a novel phenoxyphenol compound that has been shown to sensitize HCC cells to ceramide treatment. Here, we further clarified the mechanism underlying diTFPP-mediated sensitization of HCC to C2-ceramide-induced stresses, including oxidative stress, ER stress, and autophagic stress, especially the modulation of LAMP2 glycosylation, the lysosomal membrane protein that is crucial for autophagic fusion. This study may shed light on the mechanism of ceramide resistance and help in the development of adjuvants for ceramide-based cancer therapeutics. Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common type of liver cancer, is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Chemotherapy is the major treatment modality for advanced or unresectable HCC; unfortunately, chemoresistance results in a poor prognosis for HCC patients. Exogenous ceramide, a sphingolipid, has been well documented to exert anticancer effects. However, recent reports suggest that sphingolipid metabolism in ceramide-resistant cancer cells favors the conversion of exogenous ceramides to prosurvival sphingolipids, conferring ceramide resistance to cancer cells. However, the mechanism underlying ceramide resistance remains unclear. We previously demonstrated that diTFPP, a novel phenoxyphenol compound, enhances the anti-HCC effect of C2-ceramide. Here, we further clarified that treatment with C2-ceramide alone increases the protein level of CERS2, which modulates sphingolipid metabolism to favor the conversion of C2-ceramide to prosurvival sphingolipids in HCC cells, thus activating the unfolded protein response (UPR), which further initiates autophagy and the reversible senescence-like phenotype (SLP), ultimately contributing to C2-ceramide resistance in these cells. However, cotreatment with diTFPP and ceramide downregulated the protein level of CERS2 and increased oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Furthermore, insufficient LAMP2 glycosylation induced by diTFPP/ceramide cotreatment may cause the failure of autophagosome–lysosome fusion, eventually lowering the threshold for triggering cell death in response to C2-ceramide. Our study may shed light on the mechanism of ceramide resistance and help in the development of adjuvants for ceramide-based cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Chih Chiu
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.); (Y.-C.C.); (J.Y.-F.C.); (W.L.); (E.-D.S.); (C.-Y.W.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- The Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chun Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.); (Y.-C.C.); (J.Y.-F.C.); (W.L.); (E.-D.S.); (C.-Y.W.)
| | - Yung-Ding Bow
- Ph.D. Program in Life Sciences, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
| | - Jeff Yi-Fu Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.); (Y.-C.C.); (J.Y.-F.C.); (W.L.); (E.-D.S.); (C.-Y.W.)
| | - Wangta Liu
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.); (Y.-C.C.); (J.Y.-F.C.); (W.L.); (E.-D.S.); (C.-Y.W.)
| | - Jau-Ling Huang
- Department of Bioscience Technology, College of Health Science, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan 711, Taiwan;
| | - En-De Shu
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.); (Y.-C.C.); (J.Y.-F.C.); (W.L.); (E.-D.S.); (C.-Y.W.)
| | - Yen-Ni Teng
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, National University of Tainan, Tainan 700, Taiwan;
| | - Chang-Yi Wu
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.); (Y.-C.C.); (J.Y.-F.C.); (W.L.); (E.-D.S.); (C.-Y.W.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Tsan Chang
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Division of General and Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-7-312-1101 (ext. 7651); Fax: +886-7-312-6992
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Chang WT, Bow YD, Fu PJ, Li CY, Wu CY, Chang YH, Teng YN, Li RN, Lu MC, Liu YC, Chiu CC. A Marine Terpenoid, Heteronemin, Induces Both the Apoptosis and Ferroptosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells and Involves the ROS and MAPK Pathways. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2021; 2021:7689045. [PMID: 33488943 PMCID: PMC7803406 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7689045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of death, resulting in over 700 thousand deaths annually worldwide. Chemotherapy is the primary therapeutic strategy for patients with late-stage HCC. Heteronemin is a marine natural product isolated from Hippospongia sp. that has been found to protect against carcinogenesis in cholangiocarcinoma, prostate cancer, and acute myeloid leukemia. In this study, heteronemin was found to inhibit the proliferation of the HCC cell lines HA22T and HA59T and induce apoptosis via the caspase pathway. Heteronemin treatment also induced the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are associated with heteronemin-induced cell death, and to trigger ROS removal by mitochondrial SOD2 rather than cytosolic SOD1. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway was associated with ROS-induced cell death, and heteronemin downregulated the expression of ERK, a MAPK that is associated with cell proliferation. Inhibitors of JNK and p38, which are MAPKs associated with apoptosis, restored heteronemin-induced cell death. In addition, heteronemin treatment reduced the expression of GPX4, a protein that inhibits ferroptosis, which is a novel form of nonapoptotic programmed cell death. Ferroptosis inhibitor treatment also restored heteronemin-induced cell death. Thus, with appropriate structural modification, heteronemin can act as a potent therapeutic against HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Tsan Chang
- Division of General and Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Digestive Disease Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Ding Bow
- Ph.D. Program in Life Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jung Fu
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yang Li
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Yi Wu
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hua Chang
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ni Teng
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, National University of Tainan, Tainan 700, Taiwan
| | - Ruei-Nian Li
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environment Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chin Lu
- Graduate Institute of Marine Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Pingtung 944, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chang Liu
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chih Chiu
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- The Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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Huang HW, Bow YD, Wang CY, Chen YC, Fu PR, Chang KF, Wang TW, Tseng CH, Chen YL, Chiu CC. DFIQ, a Novel Quinoline Derivative, Shows Anticancer Potential by Inducing Apoptosis and Autophagy in NSCLC Cell and In Vivo Zebrafish Xenograft Models. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051348. [PMID: 32466291 PMCID: PMC7281296 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the deadliest cancers worldwide due to chemoresistance in patients with late-stage disease. Quinoline derivatives show biological activity against HIV, malaria, bacteriuria, and cancer. DFIQ is a novel synthetic quinoline derivative that induces cell death in both in vitro and in vivo zebrafish xenograft models. DFIQ induced cell death, including apoptosis, and the IC50 values were 4.16 and 2.31 μM at 24 and 48 h, respectively. DFIQ was also found to induce apoptotic protein cleavage and DNA damage, reduce cell cycle-associated protein expression, and disrupt reactive oxygen species (ROS) reduction, thus resulting in the accumulation of superoxide radicals. Autophagy is also a necessary process associated with chemotherapy-induced cell death. Lysosome accumulation and lysosome-associated membrane protein-2 (LAMP2) depletion were observed after DFIQ treatment, and cell death induction was restored upon treatment with the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA). Nevertheless, ROS production was found to be involved in DFIQ-induced autophagy activation and LAMP2 depletion. Our data provide the first evidence for developing DFIQ for clinical usage and show the regulatory mechanism by which DFIQ affects ROS, autophagy, and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hurng-Wern Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan;
| | - Yung-Ding Bow
- Ph.D Program in Life Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
| | - Chia-Yih Wang
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan;
| | - Yen-Chun Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (Y.-C.C.); (P.-R.F.); (K.-F.C.); (T.-W.W.)
| | - Pei-Rong Fu
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (Y.-C.C.); (P.-R.F.); (K.-F.C.); (T.-W.W.)
| | - Kuo-Feng Chang
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (Y.-C.C.); (P.-R.F.); (K.-F.C.); (T.-W.W.)
| | - Tso-Wen Wang
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (Y.-C.C.); (P.-R.F.); (K.-F.C.); (T.-W.W.)
| | - Chih-Hua Tseng
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
| | - Yeh-Long Chen
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-L.C.); (C.-C.C.); Tel.: +886-7-312-1101 (ext. 2684) (Y.-L.C.); +886-7-312-1101 (ext. 2368) (C.-C.C.); Fax: +886-7-312-5339 (Y.-L.C. & C.-C.C.)
| | - Chien-Chih Chiu
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (Y.-C.C.); (P.-R.F.); (K.-F.C.); (T.-W.W.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- The Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-L.C.); (C.-C.C.); Tel.: +886-7-312-1101 (ext. 2684) (Y.-L.C.); +886-7-312-1101 (ext. 2368) (C.-C.C.); Fax: +886-7-312-5339 (Y.-L.C. & C.-C.C.)
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7
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Bow YD, Wang YY, Chen YK, Su CW, Hsu CW, Xiao LY, Yuan SS, Li RN. Silencing of FOXA2 decreases E-cadherin expression and is associated with lymph node metastasis in oral cancer. Oral Dis 2020; 26:756-765. [PMID: 31957176 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES FOXA2 gene methylation links to the progression of cancers, but has not been documented in oral cancer. Herein, we explore the role of FOXA2 in the migration of oral cancer cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS Methylation-specific PCR was applied for gene methylation. Wound healing and transwell experiments were tested for cell migration. FOXA2 expression in oral cancer tissues was addressed by immunohistochemistry, followed by statistical analysis of its association with clinical manifestations and patient survival. RESULTS FOXA2 bound to the promoter of CDH1 and enhanced the expression of its gene product E-cadherin, and decreased the cancer cell migration activity. High FOXA2 expression in oral cancer tissues was associated with high E-cadherin expression, decreased lymph node metastasis, and increased patient survival. CONCLUSION FOXA2-E-cadherin link is involved in regulation of oral cancer cell metastasis and provides a new insight for the tumor suppressor activity of FOXA2 in oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Ding Bow
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Yun Wang
- School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yuk-Kwan Chen
- School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Division of Oral Pathology & Maxillofacial Radiology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Oral & Maxillofacial Imaging Center, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Wei Su
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Wei Hsu
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Yi Xiao
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shyng-Shiou Yuan
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Translational Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ruei-Nian Li
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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