Glucosylglycerol Extends Chronological Lifespan of the Budding Yeast via an Increased Osmolarity Response

Glucosylglycerol (GG) is an osmolyte that protects cells from extreme conditions. It is produced by sucrose phosphorylase, an enzyme that uses sucrose and glycerol as substrate. GG protects tissue integrity in desert plants during harsh conditions and guards cyanobacteria against high salinity (halotolerant). However, no extensive research has been conducted on the lifespan application of this compound on the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We designed this study to (1) characterize GG's effect on yeast chronological lifespan (CLS) and (2) to determine the mechanisms underlying its lifespan promotion on strain DBY746. The results obtained in our study confirm that GG causes increased longevity when administered at moderate doses (48 mM and 120 mM). In addition, we discovered that GG promotes yeast cell longevity by increasing the osmolarity of the culture medium. The maximum lifespan increased by approximately 15.38% and 34.6%, (i.e., 115.38 and 134.61) respectively, upon administration of GG at 48 mM and 120 mM concentrations. Elucidation of the mechanisms underlying this positive response suggests that GG promotes CLS by activities that modulate reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, as evident in its increased ROS generation (mitohormesis). An increase in medium osmolarity caused by GG supplementation triggers ROS production and promotes longevity in the yeast (S. cerevisiae). An in-depth study on the potential application of this molecule in aging research is crucial; this will aid in expounding the mechanisms of this geroprotector and its longevity supportive tendencies.

Supplementary Information

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12088-023-01055-y.

[Diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer with immediate double primary carcinoma]

Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics, treatment and prognosis of gastric cancer complicated with immediate double primary cancer. Methods: The clinical data of patients who met the diagnostic criteria of gastric cancer with immediate double primary cancer from January 2016 to June 2019 were analyzed retrospectively. Results: There were 29 cases of gastric cancer with immediate double primary carcinoma, accounting for 1.7% of the 1 741 patients with gastric cancer in the same period. Of these, 17 (58.6%) were more than 70 years of age. 25 cases (86.2%) were male. The postoperative pathological staging was mainly for early gastric cancer (63.2%). Colorectal cancer accounted for 8 cases (27.6%), followed by esophageal cancer in 7 cases (24.1%). The others included 6 cases of lung cancer (20.7%), 2 cases of pancreatic cancer (6.9%), 2 cases of prostate cancer (6.9%), 1 case of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (3.4%), 1 case of ampullary tumor (3.4%), 1 case of bile duct carcinoma (3.4%) and 1 case of laryngeal carcinoma (3.4%). The prognosis of the surgical treatment group was significantly better than that of the non-surgical treatment group (median survival time: 21.0 months vs 13.0 months, P=0.014). Conclusion: Gastric cancer complicated with immediate double primary cancer mostly occurs in elderly men and early gastric cancer patients. In the complicated tumor, colorectal cancer is the main cause, so we should pay attention to the screening of digestive system. Radical surgery should be performed as far as possible for each primary tumor.

[Surgical treatment of port-site metastases after laparoscopic radical resection of gastric cancer]

Objective: To investigate the feasibility of surgical treatment of port-site metastasis after laparoscopic radical resection of gastric cancer. Methods: The clinical and follow-up data of five patients with port-site metastases after laparoscopic radical resection of gastric cancer at Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital between January 2014 and January 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Port-site metastases occurred within 6 months after gastrointestinal tumor resection in three patients, 10 months after the operation in one patient, and 30 months after the operation in one patient, respectively. Metastasis to the abdominal cavity or distant metastasis was excluded before the surgical treatment of the port-site metastases, and all patients recovered well after the operation. No incisional infection or hernia occurred. By December 2018, two patients died (they survived for 13 and 24 months, respectively) and three patients survived. The follow-up duration ranged from 7 to 19 months. Conclusions: Surgical resection of port-site metastases is not difficult due to their superficial location. Surgical treatment can improve the prognosis of patients without abdominal or distant metastasis/recurrence.

[Comparision for clinical efficiency of continuous adductor canal block and femoral nerve block in total knee arthroplasty]

OBJECTIVE

To compare the pain control efficiency of continuous adductor canal block (ACB) and femoral nerve block (FNB) in total knee arthroplasty.

METHODS

From April to September 2016, patients with severe knee osteoarthritis undergoing primary unilateral total knee arthroplasty (TKA) were prospectively observed, and all the patients were randomized received ultrasound-guided continuous ACB or FNB after surgery. Numeric pain rating scales(NPRS)pain scores in rest and activity 2, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h after surgery were collected, and the preoperative and postoperative quadriceps strength at 24 and 48 h were analyzed. Opioids consumption and anesthesia related adverse effects were also recorded.

RESULTS

In the study, 40 patients were enrolled, with 20 patients in each group, male:female=7:33, the age: (63.8±10.1) years, and the body mass index (BMI): (28.5±3.5) kg/m(2).The general conditions were comparable between the two groups. Though the rest pain 2 h after surgery [ACB=0.0(0,6), FNB=3.0(0,5), P=0.004] and activity pain 12 h post operation [ACB=3.0(3,0), FNB=5.5(0,10), P=0.004] were lower in ACB group compared with FNB group, there was no statistical difference in the other pain checking points between the two groups. The quadriceps strength 24 h and 48 h after surgery were(85.3±27.6) N and (80.0±30.1) N in ACB group, (69.0±29.4) N and (64.4±32.0) N in FNB group, both of them were declined by time. The exact data were higher in ACB group, however, there was no statistical difference between the two group by repeated measurements variance analysis(F=2.703, P=0.108).Four patients in ACB group and five in FNB acquired additional use of dolantin once (100 mg/per time) within 24 h. And among them, three patients acquired once dolantin in ACB, two in FNB, from 24 to 48 h postoperation. There were five patients who suffered nausea postoperation in ACB group, and one who reported xerostomia. Four patients in FNB had nausea with vomiting, and three experienced xerostomia. Deep vein thrombosis appeared in 2 patients in FNB group, but no one in ACB group.

CONCLUSION

Continuous ACB is not superior in pain control after TKA compared with FNB, and the quadriceps strength could be reserved more by this method, which performed early benefits in fast rehabilitation.

[A study on virus localization and microcirculation in the liver in patients with epidemic hemorrhagic fever]

The findings in our clinical study was consistent with those reported by others that a temporary elevation of serum alanine aminotransferase activity is associated with epidemic hemorrhagic fever (EHF). However, the pathogenesis of the concomitant changes in liver function tests is still not clear. To clarify whether EHF virus is cytopathic or not for the liver, percutaneous liver biopsy was done in 19 patients with EHF within 3-12 days after the onset of symptoms. These liver biopsy specimens were examined with immunofluorescence assay and cell cultural technique, showing the presence of active viral replication in liver cells. Electron microscopy observation of the infected liver cells showed that ultrastructural distortions was accompanied by the existence of inclusion bodies of EHF virus in vacuoles of rough endoplasmic reticulum, endotheliocyte and microvilli. These findings strongly suggest that EHF virus may play a causative role in liver injury in patients suffering from EHF and hepatic microcirculation disturbance may be involved in the pathogenesis of EHF-related liver dysfunction as well.