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Ghorbani M, Solouki A, Soltani F, Moayedpour A, Khoshnegah Z. The Importance of Pseudo Thrombocytopenia Due to Platelet Cold Agglutination before Surgery, What Should We Do? A Case Report. Int J Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Res 2024; 18:100-103. [PMID: 38680709 PMCID: PMC11055417 DOI: 10.18502/ijhoscr.v18i1.14749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Platelet cold agglutination (PCA) is a rare in-vitro phenomenon caused by Immunoglobulin M (IgM) autoantibodies, which results in Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid (EDTA) independent pseudo thrombocytopenia (PTCP). Its diagnosis is made based on the peripheral blood smear (PBS) examination and pre-test warming blood sample. Here, a case of PTCP secondary to PCA is presented. He was first admitted for pre-surgical tests but his platelet count was low. His blood was taken with EDTA and sodium citrate anticoagulant to rule pre-analytical error out. Then his sample warmed up and the test was run again with Mindray BC-6000 automated cell counter. Moreover, the rheumatologic tests were done for him. His platelet count was 23×109/L at first, and PBS showed many platelet aggregates. The low platelet count was not correct with Sodium Citrate or re-sampling with EDTA so platelet satellitism and improper sampling were ruled out. By warming the sample up to 37⸰C, the Platelet count rose to 216×109 / L. The rheumatologic tests were negative except for HLA-B27 which was positive. Finally, he was diagnosed with PCA which is due to a cold antibody (clinically insignificant). This diagnosis is important for the prevention of recurrent tests, unnecessary platelet transfusion, and other problems. Here these conditions will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ghorbani
- Laboratory Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
- Laboratory Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Amin Solouki
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhang Soltani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | | | - Zahra Khoshnegah
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
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Jafarian A, Jafaripour M, Gharib M, Salehi M, Mohamadian Roshan N, Etemad S, Mirshekar K, Sheikhi M, Heidari M, Ahmadian B, Khoshnegah Z, Ayatollahi H, Siyadat P. Molecular Status of BRAF Mutation in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: An Analysis of 57 Cases in the Northeast of Iran. Iran J Pathol 2023; 18:134-139. [PMID: 37600581 PMCID: PMC10439751 DOI: 10.30699/ijp.2023.554750.2907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Background & Objective Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most prevalent type of ovarian cancer. Previous studies have elucidated different pathways for the progression of this malignancy. The mutation in the B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase (BRAF) gene, a member of the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway, plays a role in the development of EOC. The current study aimed to determine the frequency of the BRAF V600E mutation in ovarian serous and mucinous tumors, including borderline and carcinoma subtypes. Methods A total of 57 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples, including serous borderline tumors (SBTs), low-grade serous carcinomas (LGSCs), high-grade serous carcinomas (HGSCs), mucinous borderline tumors (MBTs), and mucinous carcinomas, and 57 normal ovarian tissues were collected. The BRAF V600E mutation was analyzed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing. Results While 40% of the SBT harbor BRAF mutation, we found no BRAF mutation in the invasive serous carcinoma (P=0.017). Also, there was only 1 BRAF mutation in MBT and no mutation in mucinous carcinomas. In addition, we found no mutation in the control group. Conclusion The BRAF mutation is most frequent in borderline tumors but not in invasive serous carcinomas. It seems that 2 different pathways exist for the development of ovarian epithelial neoplasms: one for borderline tumors and the other for high-grade invasive carcinomas. Our study supports this hypothesis. The BRAF mutation is rare in mucinous neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Jafarian
- Cancer Molecular Pathology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Jafaripour
- Department of Surgical and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Gharib
- Department of Surgical and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Salehi
- Department of Pathology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Sare Etemad
- Department of Surgical and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Khatoone Mirshekar
- Department of Surgical and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Sheikhi
- Cancer Molecular Pathology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Heidari
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Yazd University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Behnaz Ahmadian
- Cancer Molecular Pathology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Khoshnegah
- Cancer Molecular Pathology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Ayatollahi
- Cancer Molecular Pathology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Naghinezhad J, Alenabi A, Ayatollahi H, Sheikhi M, Sadeghian MH, Khoshnegah Z, Boroumand-Noughabi S. Expression of DR4, DR5, FAS, Caspase-8 and, DDIAS Genes in AML Patients. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2023; 37:68. [PMID: 37575689 PMCID: PMC10423059 DOI: 10.47176/mjiri.37.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common acute leukemia in adults and accompanies a worse survival. In this study, gene expression levels of 5 key players of apoptosis, including DR4, DR5, FAS, caspase 8, and DNA damage-induced apoptosis suppressor (DDIAS), have been evaluated in AML patients compared with controls, aiming to evaluate their possible role and prognostic impact. Methods This cross-sectional study was performed in the Cancer Molecular Pathology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. A total of 30 newly diagnosed AML cases as well as 30 healthy controls enrolled in the study. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to evaluate the expressions of DR4, DR5, FAS, DDIAS, and caspase 8 genes in cases and controls. Other necessary data, including cytogenetic findings, mutations, French-American-British (FAB) classification, and survival, were retrieved from hospital records and by direct contact with patients. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS software. When appropriate, the Mann-Whitney U, Pearson's correlation, and the t tests were utilized. Overall survival (OS) was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results The expression of all evaluated genes, including DDIAS (0.89 ± 0.20), DR4 (0.67 ± 0.24), DR5 (0.72 ± 0.24), FAS (0.70 ± 0.25), and Caspase 8 (0.77 ± 0.20) were significantly decreased in AML patients compared with the controls (P < 0.001). Patients with the t (16;16) or inv (16) expressed significantly higher amounts of the FAS gene and those with FLT3 mutation exhibited lower expression of caspase 8. Expression of the evaluated genes showed no significant effect on survival. Conclusion The expression of DR4, DR5, FAS, and caspase 8 seems to be decreased in AML. Lower expression of these molecules may aid AML cells in avoiding apoptosis because they are involved in the initiation of apoptosis, making them potential targets for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalal Naghinezhad
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Anita Alenabi
- Department of Pathology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hossein Ayatollahi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Cancer Molecular Pathology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Sheikhi
- Cancer Molecular Pathology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hadi Sadeghian
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Cancer Molecular Pathology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Khoshnegah
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Samaneh Boroumand-Noughabi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Cancer Molecular Pathology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Ayatollahi H, Boroumand-Noughabi S, Ferns G, Sheikhi M, Siyadat P, Rostami M, Khoshnegah Z. Evaluation of the expression of LC3-II and BECLIN1 genes of autophagy pathway in patients with hematological malignancies. Caspian J Intern Med 2023; 14:694-702. [PMID: 38024167 PMCID: PMC10646357 DOI: 10.22088/cjim.14.4.694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Autophagy is a pathway for the degradation of cytoplasmic components, which plays an essential role in various cellular and physiological processes, including cell renewal and survival, and immune responses. While recent studies have shown that they can play a role in cancer treatment, the precise mechanisms of autophagy in leukemogenesis are not fully understood. We have assessed the expression levels of LC3 and BECLIN1 as two crucial autophagy mediators in patients with leukemia. Methods This cross-sectional study was performed on bone marrow or peripheral blood samples of 61 leukemia patients (24 AML, 20 ALL, and 17 CML) and compared to 18 healthy controls. Real-time PCR was used to quantitate gene expression. SPSS statistics 16.0 and Graph Pad Prism 8.4.2 software were applied for statistical analysis. Results While BECLIN1 expression was significantly lower in AML, ALL, and CML patients as compared to the control group (p < 0.05), LC3 showed significantly different expression only in the AML patients (P= 0.03). There was no significant correlation between the expression levels of BECLIN1 with LC3 (p> 0.05). Whilst the AML LC3high group had a significantly lower lymphocyte count (P= 0.023), the AML BECLIN1low group had a significantly higher MPV levels (P= 0.044). Furthermore, ALL LC3high group indicated a significantly lower HCT count (P= 0.017). Conclusion Significant changes in the expression levels of BECLINI and LC3 in hematologic malignancies may indicate a possible role for autophagy in their pathogenesis. However, further studies are warranted to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Ayatollahi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Cancer Molecular Pathology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Samaneh Boroumand-Noughabi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Cancer Molecular Pathology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gordon Ferns
- Department of Medical Education, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
| | - Maryam Sheikhi
- Cancer Molecular Pathology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Payam Siyadat
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Rostami
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Khoshnegah
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
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Boroumand-Noughabi S, Khoshnegah Z, Amel Jamehdar S, Ayatollahi H, Sheikhi M, Rostami M, Keramati MR. Deregulation of the Expression of Beclin1 and Light Chain 3(LC3), Autophagy-Related Genes, in COVID-19 Patients. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2022; 36:99. [DOI: 10.47176/mjiri.36.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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