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Nasr Z, Iravani M, Mokhtari J. Measurement of Isfahan heavy water zero-power reactor kinetic parameters using advanced pulsed neutron source method in a near critical state. Appl Radiat Isot 2024; 204:111126. [PMID: 38039828 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2023.111126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
The pulsed neutron source (PNS) technique was used to determine the prompt neutron decay constant for two different lattice pitches in the HWZPR heavy water zero power reactor. The results were compared to the variance-to-mean ratio (VTM) method. The neutron mean generation time was also calculated for both pitches, and the results were compared to previous Monte Carlo calculations. The findings of this research can be used as a benchmark nuclear codes to validate kinetic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Nasr
- Reactor and Nuclear Safety Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Atomic Energy Organization of Iran, Isfahan, Iran
| | - M Iravani
- Reactor and Nuclear Safety Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Atomic Energy Organization of Iran, Isfahan, Iran
| | - J Mokhtari
- Reactor and Nuclear Safety Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Atomic Energy Organization of Iran, Isfahan, Iran.
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Nasr Z, Virupakshaiah A, Schoeps VA, Cherbuin N, Casper TC, Waltz M, Hart J, Rodriguez M, Gorman MP, Benson LA, Chitnis T, Rensel M, Abrams A, Krupp L, Waldman AT, Lotze T, Aaen GS, Mar S, Schreiner T, Wheeler Y, Rose J, Shukla NM, Barcellos LF, Lucas R, Waubant E. Gene-environment interactions and risk of pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis associated with time spent outdoors. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2024; 82:105351. [PMID: 38141560 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2023.105351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our previous study identified a significant association between lower time spent outdoors, as a proxy of sun exposure, and a higher risk of pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis (POMS). UV radiation modulates the expression of several genes, but it is unknown whether these genes modify the effect of sun exposure on POMS risk. METHODS In an age- and sex-matched case-control study, we evaluated the additive and multiplicative interactions between time spent outdoors and genetic non-HLA risk variants for developing POMS within the metabolic pathways of UV radiation, including CD28(rs6435203), CD86(rs9282641), and NFkB1(rs7665090) and the top two HLA risk factors (presence of DRB1×15 and absence of A*02). RESULTS In an adjusted model (332 POMS cases, 534 healthy controls), greater time compared to <30 min/day spent outdoors during the prior summer and higher UV radiation dose were associated with decreased odds of POMS (OR 0.66, 95% CI 0.56-0.78, p < 0.001; OR 0.78, 95 % CI 0.62-0.98, p = 0.04, respectively). No significant additive or multiplicative interactions were found between risk factors. CONCLUSIONS The exploration of gene-environment interactions in the risk of developing MS can unravel the underlying mechanisms involved. Although we do not have evidence that our candidate genes contribute to interactions, other genes may.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Nasr
- UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Akash Virupakshaiah
- UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Vinicius Andreoli Schoeps
- UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nicolas Cherbuin
- Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - T Charles Casper
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Michael Waltz
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Janace Hart
- UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Mark P Gorman
- Boston Childrens Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Tanuja Chitnis
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Lauren Krupp
- New York University Medical Center, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Amy T Waldman
- Division of Child Neurology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tim Lotze
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Gregory S Aaen
- Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Soe Mar
- Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Teri Schreiner
- Childrens Hospital Colorado/University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | | | - John Rose
- George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Nikita Melani Shukla
- Baylor College of Medicine/Texas Children's Hospital, Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Lisa F Barcellos
- Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics Laboratory, Divisions of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Robyn Lucas
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Emmanuelle Waubant
- UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Schoeps VA, Zhou X, Horton MK, Zhu F, McCauley KE, Nasr Z, Virupakshaiah A, Gorman MP, Benson LA, Weinstock‐Guttman B, Waldman A, Banwell BL, Bar‐Or A, Marrie RA, van Domselaar G, O'Mahony J, Mirza AI, Bernstein CN, Yeh EA, Casper TC, Lynch SV, Tremlett H, Baranzini S, Waubant E. Short-chain fatty acid producers in the gut are associated with pediatric multiple sclerosis onset. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2024; 11:169-184. [PMID: 37955284 PMCID: PMC10791026 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The relationship between multiple sclerosis and the gut microbiome has been supported by animal models in which commensal microbes are required for the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. However, observational study findings in humans have only occasionally converged when comparing multiple sclerosis cases and controls which may in part reflect confounding by comorbidities and disease duration. The study of microbiome in pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis offers unique opportunities as it is closer to biological disease onset and minimizes confounding by comorbidities and environmental exposures. METHODS A multicenter case-control study in which 35 pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis cases were 1:1 matched to healthy controls on age, sex, self-reported race, ethnicity, and recruiting site. Linear mixed effects models, weighted correlation network analyses, and PICRUSt2 were used to identify microbial co-occurrence networks and for predicting functional abundances based on marker gene sequences. RESULTS Two microbial co-occurrence networks (one reaching significance after adjustment for multiple comparisons; q < 0.2) were identified, suggesting interdependent bacterial taxa that exhibited association with disease status. Both networks indicated a potentially protective effect of higher relative abundance of bacteria observed in these clusters. Functional predictions from the significant network suggested a contribution of short-chain fatty acid producers through anaerobic fermentation pathways in healthy controls. Consistent family-level findings from an independent Canadian-US study (19 case/control pairs) included Ruminococaccaeae and Lachnospiraceae (p < 0.05). Macronutrient intake was not significantly different between cases and controls, minimizing the potential for dietary confounding. INTERPRETATION Our results suggest that short-chain fatty acid producers may be important contributors to multiple sclerosis onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius A. Schoeps
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Xiaoyuan Zhou
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Mary K. Horton
- Division of EpidemiologyUniversity of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Feng Zhu
- Division of NeurologyUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Kathryn E. McCauley
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Zahra Nasr
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Akash Virupakshaiah
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Mark P. Gorman
- Department of NeurologyBoston Children's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Leslie A. Benson
- Department of NeurologyBoston Children's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | | | - Amy Waldman
- Department of NeurologyChildren's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Brenda L. Banwell
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Amit Bar‐Or
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Ruth Ann Marrie
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegManitobaCanada
| | - Gary van Domselaar
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegManitobaCanada
| | - Julia O'Mahony
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegManitobaCanada
| | - Ali I. Mirza
- Division of NeurologyUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | | | - E. Ann Yeh
- The Hospital for Sick ChildrenUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | | | - Susan V. Lynch
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Helen Tremlett
- Division of NeurologyUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Sergio Baranzini
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Emmanuelle Waubant
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
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Nasr Z, Schoeps VA, Ziaei A, Virupakshaiah A, Adams C, Casper TC, Waltz M, Rose J, Rodriguez M, Tillema JM, Chitnis T, Graves JS, Benson L, Rensel M, Krupp L, Waldman AT, Weinstock-Guttman B, Lotze T, Greenberg B, Aaen G, Mar S, Schreiner T, Hart J, Simpson-Yap S, Mesaros C, Barcellos LF, Waubant E. Gene-environment interactions increase the risk of paediatric-onset multiple sclerosis associated with household chemical exposures. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2023; 94:518-525. [PMID: 36725329 PMCID: PMC10272045 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2022-330713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously reported an association between household chemical exposures and an increased risk of paediatric-onset multiple sclerosis. METHODS Using a case-control paediatric multiple sclerosis study, gene-environment interaction between exposure to household chemicals and genotypes for risk of paediatric-onset multiple sclerosis was estimated.Genetic risk factors of interest included the two major HLA multiple sclerosis risk factors, the presence of DRB1*15 and the absence of A*02, and multiple sclerosis risk variants within the metabolic pathways of common household toxic chemicals, including IL-6 (rs2069852), BCL-2 (rs2187163) and NFKB1 (rs7665090). RESULTS 490 paediatric-onset multiple sclerosis cases and 716 controls were included in the analyses. Exposures to insect repellent for ticks or mosquitos (OR 1.47, 95% CI 1.06 to 2.04, p=0.019), weed control products (OR 2.15, 95% CI 1.51 to 3.07, p<0.001) and plant/tree insect or disease control products (OR 3.25, 95% CI 1.92 to 5.49, p<0.001) were associated with increased odds of paediatric-onset multiple sclerosis. There was significant additive interaction between exposure to weed control products and NFKB1 SNP GG (attributable proportions (AP) 0.48, 95% CI 0.10 to 0.87), and exposure to plant or disease control products and absence of HLA-A*02 (AP 0.56; 95% CI 0.03 to 1.08). There was a multiplicative interaction between exposure to weed control products and NFKB1 SNP GG genotype (OR 2.30, 95% CI 1.00 to 5.30) but not for other exposures and risk variants. No interactions were found with IL-6 and BCL-2 SNP GG genotypes. CONCLUSIONS The presence of gene-environment interactions with household toxins supports their possible causal role in paediatric-onset multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Nasr
- UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Vinicius Andreoli Schoeps
- UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Amin Ziaei
- UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Akash Virupakshaiah
- UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Cameron Adams
- Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics Laboratory, Divisions of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | | | - Michael Waltz
- University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - John Rose
- University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | | | | | - Tanuja Chitnis
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical school, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Leslie Benson
- Childrens Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Lauren Krupp
- New York University Medical Center, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Amy T Waldman
- Division of Child Neurology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Tim Lotze
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Gregory Aaen
- Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Soe Mar
- Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | - Janace Hart
- UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Steve Simpson-Yap
- Neuroepidemiology Unit, The University of Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Melbourne, Carlton, Australia
- Clinical Outcomes Research Unit (CORe), Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Multiple Sclerosis Flagship, Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Clementina Mesaros
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics (SPATT), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lisa F Barcellos
- Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics Laboratory, Divisions of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Emmanuelle Waubant
- UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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Ziaei A, Nasr Z, Hart J, Francisco C, Rutatangwa A, Leppert D, Kuhle J, Flanagan E, Waubant E. High serum neurofilament levels are observed close to disease activity events in pediatric-onset MS and MOG antibody-associated diseases. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2023; 74:104704. [PMID: 37031551 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2023.104704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) is an emerging multiple sclerosis (MS) biomarker which measures neuro-axonal damage. However, understanding its temporal association with disease activity in pediatric-onset MS (POMS) and Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) remains limited. OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of sNfL levels and time from disease activity in children with MS and MOGAD. METHODS POMS and MOGAD cases with onset before 18 years of age were enrolled at the University of California San Francisco (UCSF) Regional Pediatric MS Center. Frequency-matched healthy subjects were recruited from general pediatric clinics. Serum samples were tested for MOG-IgG at Mayo Clinic using a live cell-based fluorescent activated cell sorting assay. sNfL levels were measured using single-molecule array (Simoa) technology measured in pg/mL. Data on demographics, clinical features, MRI, CSF, and treatment data were collected by chart review. RESULTS We included 201 healthy controls healthy controls, 142 POMS, and 20 confirmed MOGAD cases with available sNfL levels. The median (IQR) age at the time of sampling was 15.6 (3.9), 15.5 (3.1), and 8.8 (4.1) years for controls, POMS, and MOGAD, respectively. Median sNfL levels (pg/ml) were higher in POMS (19.6) and MOGAD (32.7) cases compared to healthy controls (3.9) (p<0.001). sNfL levels ≥100 pg/ml were only detected within four months of a clinical event or MRI activity in both POMS and MOGAD cases. In addition, sNfL levels were higher in POMS patients with new/enlarged T2 and gadolinium-enhanced lesions than those without MRI activity within four months of sampling in POMS cases. CONCLUSION High sNfL levels were observed close to clinical or MRI events in POMS and MOGAD. Our findings support sNfL as a biomarker of disease activity in pediatric demyelinating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Ziaei
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Zahra Nasr
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Janace Hart
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Carla Francisco
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alice Rutatangwa
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - David Leppert
- Neurology, MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), Departments of Head, Spine and Neuromedicine, Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jens Kuhle
- Neurology, MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), Departments of Head, Spine and Neuromedicine, Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Eoin Flanagan
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Emmanuelle Waubant
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Schilaty ND, Savoldi F, Nasr Z, Weinshenker BG. Neuromotor control associates with muscle weakness observed with McArdle sign of multiple sclerosis. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2022; 9:515-528. [PMID: 35289110 PMCID: PMC8994990 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is often accompanied by myelopathy, which may be associated with progressive worsening. A specific finding of MS-associated myelopathy is McArdle sign, wherein neck flexion is associated with prominent increased limb weakness relative to that detected with neck extension. In this study, we characterized neuromotor control properties of finger extensors in association with the McArdle sign. METHODS A custom-built device was utilized to monitor torque production of the wrist extensors with simultaneous recording of surface electromyography of the extensor digitorum. The electromyography was decomposed and analyzed via both linear and nominal regressions. RESULTS Linear regressions demonstrated a strong difference between groups for MS from healthy controls and other myelopathies for motor unit action potential amplitude and average firing rate (p < 0.001). Further, linear regression demonstrated good correlations of neuromotor variables to mechanical torque output (0.24 ≤ R2 ≤ 0.76). Nominal regression distinguished MS from healthy controls with an AUC of 0.87, specificity of 0.97, and sensitivity of 0.64. Nominal regression of MS from other myelopathies demonstrated an AUC of 0.88, specificity of 0.85, and sensitivity of 0.79. INTERPRETATION These data demonstrate the neuromotor control factors that largely determine muscle force production change with the observation of McArdle sign; these neuromotor control factors can differentiate MS from both healthy controls and other myelopathy conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan D Schilaty
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA.,Center for Neuromusculoskeletal Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Filippo Savoldi
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Zahra Nasr
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Savoldi F, Nasr Z, Hu W, Schilaty ND, Delgado AM, Mandrekar J, Kaufman KR, Berglund L, Weinshenker BG. McArdle Sign: A Specific Sign of Multiple Sclerosis. Mayo Clin Proc 2019; 94:1427-1435. [PMID: 31303427 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2019.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To measure McArdle sign (rapidly reversible weakness induced by neck flexion) both qualitatively and quantitatively and to evaluate its specificity and clinical utility for diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS). PATIENTS AND METHODS In this prospective study, McArdle sign was evaluated by a technician blinded to diagnosis by measuring changes in finger extensor strength in successive trials of neck extension and flexion, first clinically and then with a torque measurement device. We studied 25 healthy controls and 81 patients with finger extensor weakness. Patients were not selected for having McArdle sign. Fifty-two patients had MS, 24 had other myelopathies, and 5 had peripheral nerve lesions accounting for their weakness. The study was conducted between February 1, 2016, and June 30, 2017. RESULTS The median clinical McArdle sign and the 2 quantitative measures of neck flexion-induced strength reduction were greater in patients with MS than in the other groups (P<.001). Baseline strength did not confound the difference. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.84 (95% CI, 0.75-0.93) comparing patients with MS vs healthy controls and 0.84 (95% CI, 0.75-0.93) comparing MS vs patients with other myelopathies. The 2 quantitative and 1 clinical measurement of McArdle sign by the technician who performed the quantitative testing were correlated (r=.57 and r=.58; P<.001), and in turn, the technician's and unblinded referring physician's clinical assessments were correlated (r=.58; P<.001). McArdle sign was evident in some patients who had minor disability and who were in early phases of MS. CONCLUSION McArdle sign, when defined as greater than 10% neck flexion-induced reduction in strength, is entirely specific and 65% sensitive for a diagnosis of MS when compared with other conditions that mimic MS-associated myelopathy. It may facilitate diagnosis in certain clinical situations. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT03122873.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Savoldi
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Postgraduate School of Radiodiagnostics, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Zahra Nasr
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville
| | - Nathan D Schilaty
- Department of Orthopedics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | - Jay Mandrekar
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Kenton R Kaufman
- Department of Orthopedics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Lawrence Berglund
- Department of Orthopedics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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Jalili N, Nasr Z, Zare R, Sattari M, Hosseini A. Occupational Performance Priorities of Children With Cerebral Palsy From the Parents’ Perspective. J Rehabil 2019. [DOI: 10.32598/rj.19.4.370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Yaich K, Maalej Bouali M, Charfi N, Sellami W, Nasr Z, Zouari L, Ben Thebet J, Maalej M. The Management of Insomnia by Tunisian General Practitioners. Eur Psychiatry 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.02.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionSleep disorders are common in clinical practice. However, they are relatively poorly understood by doctors. The aim of our study was to describe the management of insomnia by general practitioners (GPs).MethodsA cross-sectional survey was carried out during the month of Mai 2016. Among the 193 GPs randomly selected from different areas of Sfax, in Tunisia, 127 completed a questionnaire about the management of insomnia.ResultsAmong our participants, 46.5% stated that they often discuss the quality of sleep with their patients even when it is not their chief complaint. Forty-three percent reported that they are often consulted by insomniac patients. Twelve percent of GPs declared they know the “sleep diary”. Homeopathic treatment was the most prescribed first line medication (45.3%). Sleep hygiene measures were commonly recommended by 82.7% of the GPs. Relaxation therapy was known by 46.7% of the GPs and used by 26.7%. Sleep-restriction therapy was known and used by respectively 15.8% and 9.2% of participants. Discussing the quality of sleep with patients was correlated to: the frequency of solicitation for insomnia (P = 0.00), the knowledge of sleep diary (P = 0.031), and the recommendation of sleep hygiene measures (P = 0.032).ConclusionContinuous medical education, especially concerning non-pharmacological treatment measures, could drastically improve the management of insomnia by Tunisian GPs.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Nasr Z, Majed M, Rostami A, Sahraian MA, Minagar A, Amini A, McGee JC, Etemadifar M. Prevalence of multiple sclerosis in Iranian emigrants: review of the evidence. Neurol Sci 2016; 37:1759-1763. [PMID: 27351545 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-016-2641-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Iran has the highest prevalence of multiple sclerosis (MS) in the Middle East and Asia. Rate of emigration has been significantly raised among Iranians and though, multiple studies have been published on prevalence of MS among Iranian emigrants. Here we systematically reviewed these publications. We performed a comprehensive literature search was performed on April 30, 2015 in data bases of MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus and Google Scholar for the terms 'multiple sclerosis', 'incidence', 'prevalence', 'epidemiology', 'migration', 'emigrant', 'immigrant', 'Iran', 'Parsis' and 'Persian'. Study location, prevalence day or period, and age of at disease onset were recorded for all the included publications. Nine publications from Sweden, Canada, Norway, UK, and India were included. Only three reported age-adjusted prevalence and six reported age of disease onset. MS prevalence among Iranian emigrants varied from 21 per 100,000 people in Bombay, India in 1985 to 433 per 100,000 people in British Columbia, Canada in 2012. Five studies reported the prevalence in the region of interest, ranging from 1.33 in Bombay, India to 240 in British Columbia, Canada. Five studies also reported the prevalence of MS in the population of the destination country, and in all of them, the prevalence of MS was higher in Iranian immigrants compared to native people. Prevalence studies performed in Iran and also on Iranian emigrants indicate roles for both genetic and environmental factors in MS susceptibility. Data might indicate that living in a high-risk area increases the susceptibility to MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Nasr
- Isfahan Research Committee of Multiple Sclerosis, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. .,Medical Students' Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Masoud Majed
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Mohamad Ali Sahraian
- Department of Neurology and MS Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Minagar
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA, 71130, USA
| | - Arman Amini
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jeanine C McGee
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA, 71130, USA
| | - Masoud Etemadifar
- Isfahan Research Committee of Multiple Sclerosis, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Etemadifar M, Sayahi F, Alroughani R, Toghianifar N, Akbari M, Nasr Z. Effects of prolonged fasting on fatigue and quality of life in patients with multiple sclerosis. Neurol Sci 2016; 37:929-33. [DOI: 10.1007/s10072-016-2518-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Nasr Z. CP-013 Impact of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review. Eur J Hosp Pharm 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/ejhpharm-2016-000875.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Khorsandi J, Nasr Z, Salimi R, Adavoodi M, Khalafi H. Heavy Water Zero Power Reactor (HWZPR) mixed core first criticality, calculation and experiments. Progress in Nuclear Energy 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pnucene.2015.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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15
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Etemadifar M, Najafi MA, Najafi MR, Alavi A, Nasr Z, Farokhi M, Rezaei A. Multiple sclerosis and hyperprolactinemia: a case-control study. Acta Neurol Belg 2015; 115:253-7. [PMID: 25501283 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-014-0403-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of central nervous system which is characterized with demyelination. Prolactin, synthesized in the anterior pituitary cells, has a role in maturation of immune cells, suggesting its possible implication in autoreactivity. The aim of the current study is to investigate the role of hyperprolactinemia in MS. Twenty-two MS patients with hyperprolactinemia diagnosed with pituitary adenoma and 66 MS patients without hyperprolactinemia were enrolled in our case-control study. They were matched with regard to age, gender, and MS subtypes. Patients with other concomitant autoimmune diseases and pregnancy were excluded. Statistical analyses were carried out using SPSS (SPSS statistic package, version 21.0.0) statistical software. The Pearson Chi-square test and the t test were used to determine whether there were any significant differences. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05. Greater value of relapse rate among hyperprolactinemic MS patients in comparison to non-hyperprolactinemic MS patients was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of EDSS was observed (case group vs. CONTROL 1.3 vs. 1.9; p = 0.007). The correlation between MS duration and duration of hyperprolactinemia was significant in the case group (p < 0.05, R = 0.752). No statistically significant difference was found between two groups regarding duration of MS. This study suggested a protective role of prolactin in demyelinating procedure of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Etemadifar
- Department of Neurology, Alzahra Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Nasr Z, Etemadifar M, Sayahi F, Toghianifar N, Akbari M, Esfahani M. Effects of recurrent fasting on fatigue and quality of life in patients with multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2014.09.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Nasr Z, Etemadifar M, Khalili B. Epidemiology of multiple sclerosis in the Middle East: A systematic review and meta analysis. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2014.09.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Etemadifar M, Izadi S, Nikseresht A, Sharifian M, Sahraian MA, Nasr Z. Estimated Prevalence and Incidence of Multiple Sclerosis in Iran. Eur Neurol 2014; 72:370-4. [DOI: 10.1159/000365846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Abolfazli R, Elyasi A, Javadi MR, Gholami K, Torkamandi H, Amir-Shahkarami M, Etemadifar M, Nasr Z. Knowledge and attitude assessment of Iranian multiple sclerosis patients receiving interferon beta. Iran J Neurol 2014; 13:160-7. [PMID: 25422736 PMCID: PMC4240934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) patients permanently confronted with serious challenges from treatment regimen. Developing a new questionnaire in MS management, through evaluation of patients' perspectives and knowledge regarding treatment will help to identify the sources of tension, and to build a therapeutic alliance. We purposed to describe MS patients' understanding of their treatments. METHODS About 425 completed and returned questionnaire were assessed of a total of 500 recruited MS patients. The knowledge of correct using interferon-beta (IFN-β) and attitude toward medical care were assessed using self-reported questionnaires consisted of 25 items with validity of multidisciplinary panel and pre-testing on 20 patients. RESULTS Knowledge about IFN-β therapy was very low; however, attitude was at a high level. Female patients, self-injection ability, higher educational level, normal functional status, delay from the start of diagnostic workup to definite diagnosis, and being younger were related to a higher level of knowledge. Attitude was associated with functional status, family history of disease and the summary of knowledge variable. CONCLUSION Developing educational interventions are needed for MS patients regarding to their low levels of knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Abolfazli
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Amiralam Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Elyasi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Javadi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kheirollah Gholami
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Torkamandi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amir-Shahkarami
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Masoud Etemadifar
- Department of Neurology, Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra Nasr
- Department of Medicine, Medical Students’ Research Center, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Etemadifar
- Isfahan Research Committee of Multiple Sclerosis, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Dashti
- Isfahan Research Committee of Multiple Sclerosis, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Reza Vosoughi
- Health Sciences Centre, University of Manitoba, Canada
| | - Seyed Hossein Abtahi
- Isfahan Research Committee of Multiple Sclerosis, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran/Medical Students' Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | | | - Zahra Nasr
- Isfahan Research Committee of Multiple Sclerosis, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran/Medical Students' Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran
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Azimian M, Shahvarughi-Farahani A, Rahgozar M, Etemadifar M, Nasr Z. Fatigue, depression, and physical impairment in multiple sclerosis. Iran J Neurol 2014; 13:105-7. [PMID: 25295155 PMCID: PMC4187328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fatigue, depression, and physical impairment are common among multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between depression, physical impairment, and fatigue in an Iranian MS cohort. METHODS Fifty consecutive relapsing-remitting MS patients and 50 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs) were recruited from Sina Rehabilitation Clinic, Tehran, Iran. The depression substance of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Expended Disability Status Scale, and Fatigue Severity Scale questionnaires were used to assess depression, physical impairment, and fatigue, respectively. RESULTS This study included 38 (76%) females and 12 (24%) males in both patients and HC groups. The depression substance of the HADS in MS and HCs showed a mean value of 1.92 ± 0.80 and 1.17 ± 0.38, respectively (P < 0.001). Pearson's correlation analyses showed that in the MS group depression was associated with fatigue (r = 0.54, P = 0.01), but not with physical impairment (r = 0.16, p = 0.01), while fatigue was associated with both depression (r = 0.54, P = 0.01) and physical impairment (r = 0.36, P = 0.01). Depression in HCs group was also associated with fatigue (r -0.64, P = 0.01). CONCLUSION Fatigue is associated with both depression and physical impairment, and an intervention in one of these conditions might improve others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Azimian
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Shahvarughi-Farahani
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Rahgozar
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Etemadifar
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra Nasr
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran,Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Students’ Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Etemadifar M, Afshar F, Nasr Z, Kheradmand M. Parkinsonism associated with multiple sclerosis: A report of eight new cases and a review on the literature. Iran J Neurol 2014; 13:88-93. [PMID: 25295152 PMCID: PMC4187336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease that affects the central nervous system. Except tremor, other movement disorders such as Parkinsonism are less frequent in MS. However, some investigations have shown inflammatory and autoimmune aspects of Parkinson's disease. In this study, we report eight new cases of MS who present Parkinson's disease. METHODS This retrospective population-based study was carried out on Isfahan MS society between April 2003 and July 2012. A total of 3792 patients with MS were surveyed for Parkinson's disease. Parkinson's disease was approved according to "UK Parkinson disease Brain Bank" criteria. Eligible cases were invited to have an interview with a neurologist. MRI was carried out according to the baseline. RESULTS We identified eight patients (three men and five women) who present MS and Parkinson's disease. The mean (±SD) age of onset was 33.3 ± 6.5 (range: 24-42) years for MS and 39.5 ± 8.6 (range: 30-55) years for Parkinson's disease patients. In all patients, MS was preceded Parkinson's disease. Parkinson's disease was developed within mean duration of 6.1 ± 3.4 (range 2-13) years after MS. Focal lesions was shown in six cases, lesions of basal ganglia (BG) in four, lesions of the thalamus in two and lesions of mid-brain in five of cases. In four cases, Parkinsonism occurred before age 40 that is considered as Young-Onset Parkinson's disease. CONCLUSION We reported eight patients with MS and Parkinson's disease. To the best of our knowledge, 34 cases of Parkinsonism associating with MS are reported so far. Parkinsonism is a movement disorder, defines as deep gray matter disorder which lead to dopamine deficiency in BG. Investigations have shown that MS could affect deep gray matter structures. Demyelinated lesions in MS and consequence axonal loss in BG and/or nigrostriatal pathway may be responsible for Parkinsonism manifestations in such cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Etemadifar
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Farshid Afshar
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Students’ Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra Nasr
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Students’ Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Kheradmand
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Students’ Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Etemadifar M, Mehrbod N, Dehghani L, Golabbakhsh A, Fereidan-Esfahani M, Akbari M, Nasr Z. Prevalence of Lhermitte's sign in multiple sclerosis versus neuromyelitis optica. Iran J Neurol 2014; 13:50-1. [PMID: 24800049 PMCID: PMC3968359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Etemadifar
- Department of Neurology, Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Noushin Mehrbod
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Leila Dehghani
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad Branch, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Aryan Golabbakhsh
- Medical Students’ Research Center, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahboobeh Fereidan-Esfahani
- Medical Students’ Research Center, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Akbari
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Nasr
- Medical Students’ Research Center, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Etemadifar M, Sajjadi S, Nasr Z, Firoozeei TS, Abtahi SH, Akbari M, Fereidan-Esfahani M. Epidemiology of multiple sclerosis in Iran: a systematic review. Eur Neurol 2013; 70:356-63. [PMID: 24192707 DOI: 10.1159/000355140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a wide variation in the prevalence of multiple sclerosis (MS) in different geographical regions and the epidemiology of MS in Iran has been a major topic of concern during the last decade. Several population-based studies have shown a sharp increase in the prevalence and incidence of MS in this region. In this study, for the first time, the aim was to provide a comprehensive review regarding the incidence and prevalence of MS across Iran. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was performed using PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. We also did a manual search of reference lists from primary articles and relevant reviews. Databases of ongoing research and unpublished literature were also searched. RESULTS A total of 22 relevant studies were reviewed and 11 studies met the inclusion criteria. Incidence data were found in 5 studies and ranged from 0.68 to 9.1/100,000 per year in the Iranian population. Prevalence was reported in all studies and ranged from 5.3 to 74.28/100,000 with the higher prevalence among females (female/male ratio ranged from 1.8 to 3.6). The most prevalent subtype of MS was the relapsing-remitting form (65.8-87.8%). The sensory disturbance was the most initial presentation. CONCLUSION The incidence and prevalence of MS in Iran has been increasing rapidly, especially in females. Future research should focus on determining the epidemiological features of MS in the neglected provinces with different ethnicities. Such an effort along with further research towards improvement of data on previously studied areas can enable a field to be opened up to identify the patterns of MS in varied genetic backgrounds and environments of Iran.
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Abstract
Levels of eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) are frequently elevated in human cancers and in some instances have been associated with poor prognosis and outcome. Here we utilize transgenic and allograft breast cancer models to demonstrate that increased mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling can be a significant contributor to breast cancer progression in vivo. Suppressing mTOR activity, as well as levels and activity of the downstream translation regulators, eIF4E and eIF4A, delayed breast cancer progression, onset of associated pulmonary metastasis in vivo and breast cancer cell invasion and migration in vitro. Translation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9) and cyclin D1 mRNAs, which encode products associated with the metastatic phenotype, is inhibited upon eIF4E suppression. Our results indicate that the mTOR/eIF4F axis is an important contributor to tumor maintenance and progression programs in breast cancer. Targeting this pathway may be of therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Nasr
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Loubignac F, Colomb F, Thiry A, Nasr Z, Lovet J. [Isolated radiocarpal luxation. A case report and general review of the literature]. Rev Chir Orthop Reparatrice Appar Mot 1999; 85:393-6. [PMID: 10457559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY We describe a case of an isolated radiocarpal dislocation and review the literature. CASE REPORT A young 29-year-old male, suffering from a wrist injury after a motor cycle accident, was diagnosed as dorsal radiocarpal joint dislocation with distal radioulnar dislocation and no fracture, close reduction was immediately performed followed by plaster cast immobilisation. After five months satisfactory stability and motion were obtained without signs of carpal instability. DISCUSSION This pathology is exceptional with less than 15 published cases. Dislocation is due to wrist hyperextension with ulnar motion but without, probably, intracarpal supination. After immediate treatment, this lesion appeared to have a good prognosis without post-traumatic carpal instability, when compared to the poorer result of perilunar dislocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Loubignac
- Service de chirurgie B, Centre Hospitalier d'Antibes, Antibes
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