Parvovirus B19 Seroprevalence in Women with Bad Obstetric History in Kirkuk

BACKGROUND

In Iraqi community, abnormal pregnancy form a major social ans psychological and health problem. The underlying etiology of this health phenomenon was varied and includes sets of infections and autoimmune diseases. Globally human parvovirus 19 infection is common and the infection attribute to bad obstetric outcomes. Global maternal parvovirus B19 remote infection rate was with a range of 13.2% to 97.9%, while the range of acute infection was 0.5% to 97.9%. In Arab countries, the IgG seroprevalence was 53.3% to 74%, while IgM seroprevalence range was 2.2% to 84%.

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the role of Parvovirus B19 as an etiology of bad obstetric outcome in women in Kirkuk, Iraq.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Descriptive Case Control Study. Women included in the study were recruited from Kirkuk General Hospital and their age ranged from 14 to 48 years. A 663 women were included in the study and 237 of them were none pregnant, while the pregnant were 215. Additionally, the study included 211 women with inevitable abortion. A control group (306 women) women with history of normal pregnancy (Pregnant=149; non-pregnant=157). Clinical and laboratory investigations were conducted on all patients and control groups to exclude other causes [7]. Medical and obstetric data and demographic characteristics gathered through interview according to previously designed questionnaire [7]. ELISA kits were used to determine Parvovirus B19 IgM and IgG antibodies.

RESULTS

The overall parvovirus seroprevalence was 93% and with no significant difference between women with normal (89.5%) and those with abnormal (93.1%) pregnancy outcomes . In addition, parvovirus IgM overall seroprevalence was 56.3%. Furthermore, current parvovirus infection was higher in women with BOH (52.6%) than that in women with normal pregnancy (49.7%) outcomes. Parvovirus IgM seroprevalence was 52.6% in women with BOH and 49.7% in women with normal pregnancy, however, the difference was not statistically significant. In contrast, the acute infection with parvovirus was significantly (X2=11.8, P=0.001) lower in women with normal pregnancy (49.7%) than in those with inevitable abortion (64.9%), While IgG seroprevalence difference was not significant between the two groups. Infection seroprevalence was more frequent in housewife, uneducated women, large family size, non-smoker, rural area, non animal exposure, repeated abortion, congenital anomalies, and anaemia.

CONCLUSION

Parvovirus B19 infection may be with bad obstetric outcomes if occurred during pregnancy and OR confirm a significant association of the infection with parvovirus with smoking, occupation, crowding index, education, animal exposure and number of repeated abortion.