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Kluczyński J, Dražan T, Joska Z, Łuszczek J, Kosturek R, Jasik K. Microstructural Investigation of Process Parameters Dedicated to Laser Powder Bed Fusion of AlSi7Mg0.6 Alloy. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:2156. [PMID: 38730962 PMCID: PMC11084654 DOI: 10.3390/ma17092156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
This study presents a microstructural investigation of the printing parameters of an AlSi7Mg0.6 alloy produced by powder bed fusion (PBF) using laser beam melting (LB/M) technology. The investigation focused on the effects of laser power, exposure velocity, and hatching distance on the microhardness, porosity, and microstructure of the produced alloy. The microstructure was characterized in the plane of printing on a confocal microscope. The results showed that the printing parameters significantly affected the microstructure, whereas the energy density had a major effect. Decreasing the laser power and decreasing the hatching distance resulted in increased porosity and the increased participation of non-melted particles. A mathematical model was created to determine the porosity of a 3D-printed material based on three printing parameters. Microhardness was not affected by the printing parameters. The statistical model created based on the porosity investigation allowed for the illustration of the technological window and showed certain ranges of parameter values at which the porosity of the produced samples was at a possible low level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janusz Kluczyński
- Institute of Robots & Machine Design, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Military University of Technology, Gen. S. Kaliskiego St., 00-908 Warsaw, Poland; (J.Ł.); (R.K.); (K.J.)
| | - Tomáš Dražan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Military Technology, University of Defence, 662 10 Brno, Czech Republic; (T.D.); (Z.J.)
| | - Zdeněk Joska
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Military Technology, University of Defence, 662 10 Brno, Czech Republic; (T.D.); (Z.J.)
| | - Jakub Łuszczek
- Institute of Robots & Machine Design, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Military University of Technology, Gen. S. Kaliskiego St., 00-908 Warsaw, Poland; (J.Ł.); (R.K.); (K.J.)
| | - Robert Kosturek
- Institute of Robots & Machine Design, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Military University of Technology, Gen. S. Kaliskiego St., 00-908 Warsaw, Poland; (J.Ł.); (R.K.); (K.J.)
| | - Katarzyna Jasik
- Institute of Robots & Machine Design, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Military University of Technology, Gen. S. Kaliskiego St., 00-908 Warsaw, Poland; (J.Ł.); (R.K.); (K.J.)
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Kluczyński J, Jasik K, Łuszczek J, Sarzyński B, Grzelak K, Dražan T, Joska Z, Szachogłuchowicz I, Płatek P, Małek M. A Comparative Investigation of Properties of Metallic Parts Additively Manufactured through MEX and PBF-LB/M Technologies. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:5200. [PMID: 37512473 PMCID: PMC10383166 DOI: 10.3390/ma16145200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the research on 316L steel manufactured additively using two commercially available techniques, Material Extrusion (MEX) and Laser Powder Bed Fusion of Metals (PBF-LB/M), were compared. The additive manufacturing (AM) process based on powder bed synthesis is of great interest in the production of metal parts. One of the most interesting alternatives to PBF-LB/M, are techniques based on material extrusion due to the significant initial cost reduction. Therefore, the paper compares these two different methods of AM technologies for metals. The investigations involved determining the density of the printed samples, assessing their surface roughness in two printing planes, examining their microstructures including determining their porosity and density, and measuring their hardness. The tests carried out make it possible to determine the durability, and quality of the obtained sample parts, as well as to assess their strength. The conducted research revealed that samples fabricated using the PBF-LB/M technology exhibited approximately 3% lower porosity compared to those produced using the MEX technology. Additionally, it was observed that the hardness of PBF-LB/M samples was more than twice as high as that of the samples manufactured using the MEX technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janusz Kluczyński
- Institute of Robots & Machine Design, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Military University of Technology, General Sylwester Kaliski Street 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Jasik
- Institute of Robots & Machine Design, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Military University of Technology, General Sylwester Kaliski Street 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Łuszczek
- Institute of Robots & Machine Design, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Military University of Technology, General Sylwester Kaliski Street 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Sarzyński
- Institute of Robots & Machine Design, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Military University of Technology, General Sylwester Kaliski Street 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Grzelak
- Institute of Robots & Machine Design, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Military University of Technology, General Sylwester Kaliski Street 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomáš Dražan
- Faculty of Military Technology, University of Defence, 66210 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Joska
- Faculty of Military Technology, University of Defence, 66210 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ireneusz Szachogłuchowicz
- Institute of Robots & Machine Design, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Military University of Technology, General Sylwester Kaliski Street 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Płatek
- Institute of Armaments Technology, Faculty of Mechatronics, Armaments and Aerospace, Military University of Technology, General Sylwester Kaliski Street 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Małek
- Institute of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geodesy, Military University of Technology, General Sylwester Kaliski Street 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland
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Zouhar J, Slaný M, Sedlák J, Joska Z, Pokorný Z, Barényi I, Majerík J, Fiala Z. Application of Carbon-Flax Hybrid Composite in High Performance Electric Personal Watercraft. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14091765. [PMID: 35566934 PMCID: PMC9099815 DOI: 10.3390/polym14091765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the herein presented research, we studied the applicability of flax fabrics for composite parts in personal watercrafts in order to enhance damping of vibrations from the engine and noise reduction (which is relatively high for contemporary carbon constructions). Since the composite parts are intended to be exposed to humid environments requiring high levels of mechanical properties, a carbon-flax composite was selected. Samples of carbon, fiberglass, flax, and hybrid carbon-flax twill and biax fabrics were subjected to tensile and three-point bending tests. The mechanical properties were also tested after exposure of the samples to a humid environment. Damping was assessed by vibration and noise measurements directly on the complete float for samples as well as real parts. The hybrid carbon-flax material exhibited lower values of tensile strength than the carbon material (760 MPa compared to 463 MPa), but, at the same time, significantly higher than the other tested materials, or flax itself (115 MPa for a twill fabric). A similar trend in the results was observed for the three-point bending tests. Vibration tests and noise measurements showed reductions in vibration amplitude and frequency when using the carbon-flax hybrid material; the frequency response function for the watercraft part assembled from the hybrid material was 50% lower than for that made of carbon. Testing of samples located in a humid environment showed the necessity of surface treatment to prevent moisture absorption (mechanical properties were reduced at minimum by 28%). The tests confirmed that the hybrid material is satisfactory in terms of strength and its contribution to noise and vibration damping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Zouhar
- Institute of Manufacturing Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, 61669 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.S.); (J.S.); (Z.F.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Martin Slaný
- Institute of Manufacturing Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, 61669 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.S.); (J.S.); (Z.F.)
| | - Josef Sedlák
- Institute of Manufacturing Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, 61669 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.S.); (J.S.); (Z.F.)
| | - Zdeněk Joska
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Military Technology, University of Defence in Brno, 66210 Brno, Czech Republic; (Z.J.); (Z.P.)
| | - Zdeněk Pokorný
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Military Technology, University of Defence in Brno, 66210 Brno, Czech Republic; (Z.J.); (Z.P.)
| | - Igor Barényi
- Department of Engineering Technologies and Materials, Faculty of Special Technology, Alexander Dubček University of Trenčín, 91101 Trenčín, Slovakia; (I.B.); (J.M.)
| | - Jozef Majerík
- Department of Engineering Technologies and Materials, Faculty of Special Technology, Alexander Dubček University of Trenčín, 91101 Trenčín, Slovakia; (I.B.); (J.M.)
| | - Zdeněk Fiala
- Institute of Manufacturing Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, 61669 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.S.); (J.S.); (Z.F.)
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Nguyen HC, Joska Z, Pokorný Z, Studený Z, Sedlák J, Majerík J, Svoboda E, Dobrocký D, Procházka J, Tran QD. Effect of Boron and Vanadium Addition on Friction-Wear Properties of the Coating AlCrN for Special Applications. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:ma14164651. [PMID: 34443172 PMCID: PMC8399982 DOI: 10.3390/ma14164651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cutting tools have long been coated with an AlCrN hard coating system that has good mechanical and tribological qualities. Boron (B) and vanadium (V) additions to AlCrN coatings were studied for their mechanical and tribological properties. Cathodic multi-arc evaporation was used to successfully manufacture the AlCrBN and AlCrVN coatings. These multicomponent coatings were applied to the untreated and plasma-nitrided surfaces of HS6-5-2 and H13 steels, respectively. Nanoindentation and Vickers micro-hardness tests were used to assess the mechanical properties of the materials. Ball-on-flat wear tests with WC-Co balls as counterparts were used to assess the friction-wear capabilities. Nanoindentation tests demonstrated that AlCrBN coating has a higher hardness (HIT 40.9 GPa) than AlCrVN coating (39.3 GPa). Steels' wear resistance was significantly increased by a hybrid treatment that included plasma nitriding and hard coatings. The wear volume was 3% better for the AlCrBN coating than for the AlCrVN coating on H13 nitrided steel, decreasing by 89% compared to the untreated material. For HS6-5-2 steel, the wear volume was almost the same for both coatings but decreased by 77% compared to the untreated material. Boron addition significantly improved the mechanical, tribological, and adhesive capabilities of the AlCrN coating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huu Chien Nguyen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Military Technology, University of Defence, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (H.C.N.); (Z.P.); (Z.S.); (E.S.); (D.D.); (J.P.)
| | - Zdeněk Joska
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Military Technology, University of Defence, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (H.C.N.); (Z.P.); (Z.S.); (E.S.); (D.D.); (J.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-973-442-989
| | - Zdeněk Pokorný
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Military Technology, University of Defence, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (H.C.N.); (Z.P.); (Z.S.); (E.S.); (D.D.); (J.P.)
| | - Zbyněk Studený
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Military Technology, University of Defence, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (H.C.N.); (Z.P.); (Z.S.); (E.S.); (D.D.); (J.P.)
| | - Josef Sedlák
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Information Systems, Faculty of Management and Economics, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic;
| | - Josef Majerík
- Faculty of Special Technology, Alexander Dubcek University of Trencin, 91101 Trencin, Slovakia;
| | - Emil Svoboda
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Military Technology, University of Defence, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (H.C.N.); (Z.P.); (Z.S.); (E.S.); (D.D.); (J.P.)
| | - David Dobrocký
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Military Technology, University of Defence, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (H.C.N.); (Z.P.); (Z.S.); (E.S.); (D.D.); (J.P.)
| | - Jiří Procházka
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Military Technology, University of Defence, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (H.C.N.); (Z.P.); (Z.S.); (E.S.); (D.D.); (J.P.)
| | - Quang Dung Tran
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Le Quy Don Technical University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam;
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