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Sengupta D, Rai M, Hoque Mazumdar Z, Sharma D, Malabika Singha K, Pandey P, Gaur R. Two cationic meso-thiophenium porphyrins and their zinc-complexes as anti-HIV-1 and antibacterial agents under non-photodynamic therapy (PDT) conditions. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2022; 65:128699. [PMID: 35341921 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.128699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The anti-HIV-1 and antimicrobial activities of novel cationic meso-thiophenium porphyrins and their zinc-complex are reported under in vitro non-photodynamic (PDT) conditions. While all the cationic porphyrins led to the inhibition of de novo virus infection, the Zn(II)-complexes of T2(OH)2M (A2B2-type) and T(OH)3M (AB3-type) displayed potent inhibition of HIV-1 entry with T2(OH)2MZn displaying maximal anti-HIV activity. The Zinc complex of both the thiophenium porphyrins T2(OH)2M and T(OH)3M also depicted antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) and more prominently against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923). Again, the antibacterial activity was more potent for T2(OH)2MZn. Our study highlighted that the presence of two thiophenium groups at the meso-positions of the A2B2-type porphyrins along with zinc strongly enhanced anti-HIV and antimicrobial properties of these novel thiophenium porphyrins under non-PDT conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devashish Sengupta
- Department of Chemistry, Assam University, Silchar, Assam 788011, India.
| | - Madhu Rai
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi 110021, India
| | | | - Debdulal Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Assam University, Silchar, Assam 788011, India
| | - K Malabika Singha
- Department of Microbiology, Assam University, Silchar, Assam 788011, India
| | - Piyush Pandey
- Department of Microbiology, Assam University, Silchar, Assam 788011, India.
| | - Ritu Gaur
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi 110021, India.
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Sengupta D, Das S, Sharma D, Chattopadhyaya S, Mukherjee A, Mazumdar ZH, Das B, Basu S, Sengupta M. An Anti-inflammatory Fe 3 O 4 -Porphyrin Nanohybrid Capable of Apoptosis through Upregulation of p21 Kinase Inhibitor Having Immunoprotective Properties under Anticancer PDT Conditions. ChemMedChem 2021; 17:e202100550. [PMID: 34710263 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We report the influence of Fe3 O4 nanoparticles (NPs) on porphyrins in the development of photosensitizers (PSs) for efficient photodynamic therapy (PDT) and possible post-PDT responses for inflicting cancer cell death. Except for Au, most metal-based nanomaterials are unsuitable for clinical applications. The US Food and Drug Administration and other agencies have approved Feraheme and a few other iron oxide NPs for clinical use, paving the way for novel biocompatible immunoprotective superparamagnetic iron oxide nanohybrids to be developed as nanotherapeutics. A water-soluble nanohybrid, referred to here as E-NP, comprising superparamagnetic Fe3 O4 NPs functionalised with tripyridyl porphyrin PS was introduced through a rigid 4-carboxyphenyl linker. As a PDT agent, the efficacy of E-NP toward the AGS cancer cell line showed enhanced photosensitising ability as determined through in vitro photobiological assays. The cellular uptake of E-NPs by AGS cells led to apoptosis by upregulating ROS through cell-cycle arrest and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. The subcellular localisation of the PSs in mitochondria stimulated apoptosis through upregulation of p21, a proliferation inhibitor capable of preventing tumour development. Under both PDT and non-PDT conditions, this nanohybrid can act as an anti-inflammatory agent by decreasing the production of NO and superoxide ions in murine macrophages, thus minimising collateral damage to healthy cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devashish Sengupta
- Department of Chemistry, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, 788011, India
| | - Subhojit Das
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Agartala, Tripura, 799046, India
| | - Debdulal Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, 788011, India
| | - Saran Chattopadhyaya
- School of Biological Sciences, Ramkrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational & Research Institute Narendrapur, Kolkata, 700103, India
| | - Avinaba Mukherjee
- Department of Zoology, Charuchandra College, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700 029, India
| | | | - Biswajit Das
- Department of Biotechnology, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, 788 011, India
| | - Samita Basu
- Chemical Sciences Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700 064, India
| | - Mahuya Sengupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, 788 011, India
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Mazumdar ZH, Sharma D, Mukherjee A, Basu S, Shukla PK, Jha T, Sengupta D. meso-Thiophenium Porphyrins and Their Zn(II) Complexes: A New Category of Cationic Photosensitizers. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:2041-2047. [PMID: 33062190 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.0c00266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A new category of cationic meso-thiophenium porphyrins are introduced as possible alternatives to the popular meso-pyridinium porphyrins. Combinations of cationic porphyrins bearing meso-2-methylthiophenium and meso-4-hydroxyphenyl moieties T2(OH)2M (A2B2 type) and T(OH)3M (AB3 type) along with their zinc(II) complexes T2(OH)2MZn and T(OH)3MZn, are reported. The increase in the number of thienyl groups attached to the meso-positions of the porphyrin derivatives (A2B2 frame) has been shown to impart longer fluorescence lifetimes and stronger photocytotoxicity toward A549 lung cancer cells, as evident with T2(OH)2M and its corresponding diamagnetic metal complex T2(OH)2MZn. The photoactivated T2(OH)2MZn imparts an early stage reactive oxygen species (ROS) upregulation and antioxidant depletion in A549 cells and contributes to the strongest oxidative stress-induced cell death mechanism in the series. The DFT calculations of the singlet-triplet energy gap (ΔE) of all the four hydrophilic thiophenium porphyrin derivatives establish the potential applicability of these cationic photosensitizers as PDT agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeaul Hoque Mazumdar
- Department of Chemistry, Assam University, Dargakona, Silchar-788011, Assam India
| | - Debdulal Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Assam University, Dargakona, Silchar-788011, Assam India
| | - Avinaba Mukherjee
- Department of Zoology, Charuchandra College, University of Calcutta, Kolkata-700029, West Bengal, India
| | - Samita Basu
- Chemical Science Division Saha, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata-700064, West Bengal, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar Shukla
- Department of Physics, Assam University, Dargakona, Silchar-788011, Assam, India
| | - Tarun Jha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Devashish Sengupta
- Department of Chemistry, Assam University, Dargakona, Silchar-788011, Assam India
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