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Zhong ZF, Huang J, Yang X, Peng JL, Zhang XY, Hu Y, Fu N, Lin HL, Jiang B, Tian YY, Yao HY, Deng LP, Tang XQ, Zhou JC, Tang J, Xie X, Liu Q, Liu J, Dou CY, Dai RJ, Yan B, Yang XF. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients in Hengyang, Hunan Province, China. World J Clin Cases 2020; 8:2554-2565. [PMID: 32607332 PMCID: PMC7322431 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v8.i12.2554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In December 2019, an ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first identified in Wuhan, China. The characteristics of COVID-19 patients treated in local hospitals in Wuhan are not fully representative of patients outside Wuhan. Therefore, it is highly essential to analyze the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in areas outside Wuhan or Hubei Province. To date, a limited number of studies have concentrated on the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients with different genders, clinical classification, and with or without basic diseases.
AIM To study the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients in Hengyang (China) and provide a reliable reference for the prevention and control of COVID-19.
METHODS From January 16 to March 2, 2020, a total of 48 confirmed cases of COVID-19 were reported in Hengyang, and those cases were included in this study. The diagnostic criteria, clinical classification, and discharge standard related to COVID-19 were in line with the Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol for Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (Trial Version 7) released by National Health Commission and National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine. The presence of SARS-CoV-2 in pharyngeal swab specimens was detected by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. All the data were imported into the excel worksheet and statistically analyzed by using SPSS 25.0 software.
RESULTS A total of 48 cases of COVID-19 were collected, of which 1 was mild, 38 were moderate, and 9 were severe. It was unveiled that there were 31 (64.6%) male patients and 17 (35.4%) female patients, with a female-to-male ratio of 1.82:1. The range of age of patients with COVID-19 was dominantly 30-49 years old [25 (52.1%) of 48], followed by those aged over 60 years old [11 (22.9%)]. Besides, 29.2% (14 of 48) of patients had basic diseases, and 57.2% (8 of 14) of patients with basic diseases were aged over 60 years old. The occupations of 48 COVID-19 patients were mainly farmers working in agricultural production [15 (31.5%) of 48], rural migrant workers from Hengyang to Wuhan [15 (31.5%)], and service workers operating in the service sector [8 (16.7%)]. The mean latent period was 6.86 ± 3.57 d, and the median was 7 [interquartile range (IQR): 4-9] d. The mean time from onset of symptoms to the first physician visit was 3.38 ± 2.98 (95%CI: 2.58-9.18) d, with a median of 2 (IQR: 1-5) d, and the mean time from hospital admission to confirmed diagnosis was 2.29 ± 2.11 (95%CI: 1.18-6.42) d, with a median of 2 (IQR: 1-3) d. The main symptoms were fever [43 (89.6%) of 48], cough and expectoration [41 (85.4%)], fatigue [22 (45.8%)], and chills [22 (45.8%)]. Other symptoms included poor appetite [13 (27.1%)], sore throat [9 (18.8%)], dyspnea [9 (18.8%)], diarrhea [7 (14.6%)], dizziness [5 (10.4%)], headache [5 (10.4%)], muscle pain [5 (10.4%)], nausea and vomiting [4 (8.3%)], hemoptysis [4 (8.3%)], and runny nose [1 (2.1%)]. The numbers of peripheral blood leukocytes, lymphocytes, and eosinophils were significantly reduced in the majority of the patients. The levels of C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, blood glucose, lactate dehydrogenase, D-dimer, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transferase (γ-GT), myoglobin (MB), and creatine kinase (CK) were increased in 64.6%, 44.7%, 43.2%, 37.0%, 29.5%, 22.9%,20.8%, 21.6%, 13.6%, and 12.8% of patients, respectively. The incidence of ALT elevation in male patients was remarkably higher than that in females (P < 0.01), while the incidences of AST, CK, and blood glucose elevations in severe patients were remarkably higher than those in moderate patients (P < 0.05, respectively). Except for the mild patients, chest computed tomography showed characteristic pulmonary lesions. All the patients received antiviral drugs, 38 (79.2%) accepted traditional Chinese medicine, and 2 (4.2%) received treatment of human umbilical-cord mesenchymal stem cells. On March 2, 2020, 48 patients with COVID-19 were all cured and discharged.
CONCLUSION Based on our results, patients with COVID-19 often have multiple organ dysfunction or damage. The incidences of ALT elevation in males, and AST, CK, and blood glucose elevations in severe patients are remarkably higher.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe-Feng Zhong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421002, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jia Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421002, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xia Yang
- Department of General Practice, the Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421002, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jin-Ling Peng
- Department of General Practice, the Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421002, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Zhang
- Department of General Practice, the Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421002, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yang Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421002, Hunan Province, China
| | - Nian Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421002, Hunan Province, China
| | - Hai-Lian Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421002, Hunan Province, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421002, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ya-Ying Tian
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421002, Hunan Province, China
| | - Hong-Yi Yao
- Department of Intensive Medicine, the Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421002, Hunan Province, China
| | - Li-Pu Deng
- Department of Intensive Medicine, the Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421002, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Tang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jie-Can Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jian Tang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xia Xie
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan Province, China
| | - Qiong Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan Province, China
| | - Cheng-Yun Dou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan Province, China
| | - Rong-Juan Dai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan Province, China
| | - Bo Yan
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xue-Feng Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421002, Hunan Province, China
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