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Kamal M, Mukherjee S, Joshi B, Sindhu ZUD, Wangchuk P, Haider S, Ahmed N, Talukder MH, Geary TG, Yadav AK. Model nematodes as a practical innovation to promote high throughput screening of natural products for anthelmintics discovery in South Asia: Current challenges, proposed practical and conceptual solutions. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2023; 256:111594. [PMID: 37730126 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2023.111594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
With the increasing prevalence of anthelmintic resistance in animals recorded globally, and the threat of resistance in human helminths, the need for novel anthelmintic drugs is greater than ever. Most research aimed at discovering novel anthelmintic leads relies on high throughput screening (HTS) of large libraries of synthetic small molecules in industrial and academic settings in developed countries, even though it is the tropical countries that are most plagued by helminth infections. Tropical countries, however, have the advantage of possessing a rich flora that may yield natural products (NP) with promising anthelmintic activity. Focusing on South Asia, which produces one of the world's highest research outputs in NP and NP-based anthelmintic discovery, we find that limited basic research and funding, a lack of awareness of the utility of model organisms, poor industry-academia partnerships and lack of technological innovations greatly limit anthelmintics research in the region. Here we propose that utilizing model organisms including the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, that can potentially allow rapid target identification of novel anthelmintics, and Oscheius tipulae, a closely related, free-living nematode which is found abundantly in soil in hotter temperatures, could be a much-needed innovation that can enable cost-effective and efficient HTS of NPs for discovering compounds with anthelmintic/antiparasitic potential in South Asia and other tropical regions that historically have devoted limited funding for such research. Additionally, increased collaborations at the national, regional and international level between parasitologists and pharmacologists/ethnobotanists, setting up government-industry-academia partnerships to fund academic research, creating a centralized, regional collection of plant extracts or purified NPs as a dereplication strategy and HTS library, and holding regional C. elegans/O. tipulae-based anthelmintics workshops and conferences to share knowledge and resources regarding model organisms may collectively promote and foster a NP-based anthelmintics landscape in South Asia and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muntasir Kamal
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Suprabhat Mukherjee
- Department of Animal Science, Kazi Nazrul University, Asansol 713340, West Bengal, India
| | - Bishnu Joshi
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zia-Ud-Din Sindhu
- Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Phurpa Wangchuk
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns Campus, QLD 4878, Australia
| | | | - Nurnabi Ahmed
- Department of Parasitology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | | | - Timothy G Geary
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University-Belfast, Belfast, NI, UK
| | - Arun K Yadav
- Department of Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, India
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Aleem A, Aslam B, Alim MB, Hussain A, Faisal MN, Sindhu ZUD. Phytochemical analysis and gastroprotective effect of Stellaria media (L.) Vill. methanolic extract on piroxicam-induced gastric ulcer in Wistar rats. Pak J Pharm Sci 2023; 36:1425-1434. [PMID: 37869918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Stellaria media L. has traditionally been used to treat inflammatory and gastrointestinal ailments. This study aimed to phytochemically characterize the S. media extract and explore its anti-ulcer efficacy against piroxicam-induced stomach lesions in Wistar rats. Phytochemical analysis was performed and antioxidant capacity of extract was determined using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. In vivo, piroxicam (30mg/kg) was administered to induce gastric ulceration. Gastro protective effect of S. media extract was observed at 150, 300 and 450mg/kg, respectively. While omeprazole (20mg/kg) was used as a conventional anti-ulcer drug. After oral treatment for 14 days, stomach acidic secretions, ulcerogenic indices, hematological markers and oxidative stress parameters were assessed along with histological examination. The existence of polyphenol contents in S. media extract was confirmed in correlation to a marked DPPH inhibition (IC50 27.94µg/mL). S. media extract resulted in a dose-dependent elevation in gastric pH while a decrease in acid volume, acidity and ulceration. Also, S. media extract administration restored the impaired hematological markers (RBCs, Hb, WBCs and PLTs) and decreased oxidative stress by reducing oxidants (TOS and MDA) while raising antioxidants (TAC and CAT). Furthermore, gastric histological results corroborated the aforementioned findings. Conclusively, S. media could provide a promising protective effect against drug-induced gastric ulceration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Aleem
- Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Bilal Aslam
- Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Bilal Alim
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Asif Hussain
- Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan/ Department of Pharmacy, Riphah International University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naeem Faisal
- Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Zia-Ud-Din Sindhu
- Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Mohsin M, Abbas RZ, Yin G, Sindhu ZUD, Abbas A, Huang Z, Aleem MT, Saeed Z, Afzal MZ, Ejaz A, Shoaib M. Probiotics as therapeutic, antioxidant and immunomodulatory agents against poultry coccidiosis. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2021.1883412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Mohsin
- College of Life Science and College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Animal Pharmaceuticals and College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
- Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Rao Zahid Abbas
- Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Guangwen Yin
- Engineering Laboratory of Animal Pharmaceuticals and College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Zia-Ud-Din Sindhu
- Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Asghar Abbas
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Zhijian Huang
- Engineering Laboratory of Animal Pharmaceuticals and College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Muhammad Tahir Aleem
- Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing Jiangsu, China
| | - Zohaib Saeed
- Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Adil Ejaz
- Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shoaib
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Campbell BE, Boag PR, Hofmann A, Cantacessi C, Wang CK, Taylor P, Hu M, Sindhu ZUD, Loukas A, Sternberg PW, Gasser RB. Atypical (RIO) protein kinases from Haemonchus contortus--promise as new targets for nematocidal drugs. Biotechnol Adv 2011; 29:338-50. [PMID: 21262337 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2010] [Revised: 12/28/2010] [Accepted: 01/14/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Almost nothing is known about atypical kinases in multicellular organisms, including parasites. Supported by information and data available for the free-living nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans, and other eukaryotes, the present article describes three RIO kinase genes, riok-1, riok-2 and riok-3, from Haemonchus contortus, one of the most important parasitic nematodes of small ruminants. Analyses of these genes and their products predict that they each play critical roles in the developmental pathways of parasitic nematodes. The findings of this review indicate prospects for functional studies of these genes in C. elegans (as a surrogate) and opportunities for the design of a novel class of nematode-specific inhibitors of RIO kinases. The latter aspect is of paramount importance, given the serious problems linked to anthelmintic resistance in parasitic nematode populations of livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bronwyn E Campbell
- Department of Veterinary Science, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, Australia
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