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Lukić J, Gyalog G, Horváth Z, Szűcs AA, Ristović T, Terzić-Vidojević A, Sándor ZJ, Ljubobratović U. Evaluation of Post-Larval Diets for Indoor Weaned Largemouth Bass ( Micropterus salmoides). Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3179. [PMID: 37893903 PMCID: PMC10603705 DOI: 10.3390/ani13203179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate different commercial diets (Otohime C1, Aller Futura (AF), Biomar Inicio Plus (BIP)) and one experimental feed (EF) in terms of their effectiveness as post-larval diets for indoor weaned largemouth bass, LMB (Micropterus salmoides). Key variations in the content of nutritive values were monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and highly unsaturated FA (HUFA) ω3. Fish were fed with one of four tested diets from the 33rd to the 40th day post-hatch (DPH). Biometric indices, digestive enzyme-specific activities, thyroid hormone status, and mRNA expression of genes coding for skeleton, neuron, and muscle growth were analyzed. The lowest skeletal deformity rate and highest survival among the treatments were seen in BIP-fed fish. Dietary lipids, with an appropriate balance between MUFA and polyunsaturated FA (PUFA), alongside amino acid balance, were shown to be the main contributors to the growth of the skeleton and/or fish survival. On the other hand, fish growth is correlated with fish digestive capacity and feed moisture percent rather than feed quality. Unexpectedly, BIP-fed fish were attributed with the lowest expression of skeleton differentiation markers, which may reflect the sacrifice of scale and/or cranium growth at the expense of somatic growth. This study highlights the role of non-marine ingredients in the nutrition of post-larval LMB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovanka Lukić
- Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology (LMM), Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering (IMGGE), University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia; (J.L.); (A.T.-V.)
| | - Gergő Gyalog
- Research Centre for Fisheries and Aquaculture, Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences (MATE HAKI), Anna-Liget Str. 35, H-5540 Szarvas, Hungary; (G.G.); (A.A.S.); (T.R.); (Z.J.S.)
| | - Zoltán Horváth
- H&H Carpió Halászati Kft., Kossuth u. 7, H-7814 Ocsard, Hungary
| | - Anita Annamária Szűcs
- Research Centre for Fisheries and Aquaculture, Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences (MATE HAKI), Anna-Liget Str. 35, H-5540 Szarvas, Hungary; (G.G.); (A.A.S.); (T.R.); (Z.J.S.)
| | - Tijana Ristović
- Research Centre for Fisheries and Aquaculture, Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences (MATE HAKI), Anna-Liget Str. 35, H-5540 Szarvas, Hungary; (G.G.); (A.A.S.); (T.R.); (Z.J.S.)
| | - Amarela Terzić-Vidojević
- Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology (LMM), Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering (IMGGE), University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia; (J.L.); (A.T.-V.)
| | - Zsuzsanna J. Sándor
- Research Centre for Fisheries and Aquaculture, Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences (MATE HAKI), Anna-Liget Str. 35, H-5540 Szarvas, Hungary; (G.G.); (A.A.S.); (T.R.); (Z.J.S.)
| | - Uroš Ljubobratović
- Research Centre for Fisheries and Aquaculture, Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences (MATE HAKI), Anna-Liget Str. 35, H-5540 Szarvas, Hungary; (G.G.); (A.A.S.); (T.R.); (Z.J.S.)
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Gebremichael A, Szabó A, Sándor ZJ, Nagy Z, Ali O, Kucska B. Chemical and Physical Properties of African Catfish ( Clarias gariepinus) Fillet Following Prolonged Feeding with Insect Meal-Based Diets. Aquac Nutr 2023; 2023:6080387. [PMID: 37674976 PMCID: PMC10480016 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6080387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
A 25-week experiment was undertaken to explore the effect of partial replacement of dietary fishmeal (FM) with black soldier fly meal (Hermetia illucens) (BS), mealworm meal (Tenebrio molitor) (MW), and a 1 : 1 mixture of both insect meals (BSMW) on fillet quality in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). A total of 96 fish with an average initial body weight of 248 ± 28 g were stocked into a recirculating aquaculture system and fed in four different dietary groups (control, BS, MW, and BSMW). No mortality was recorded in any of the groups. At the end of the feeding period, 24 fish (n = 6 for each treatment, weight between 690 and 822 g) were used for analysis. There was no alteration in filleting yield or other slaughter indices within experimental groups, except the hepatosomatic index. Among quality attributes, pH 24 hr postmortem exhibited a significant difference (p < 0.05). In respect of the fatty acid profile, the n-6/n-3 ratio ranged between 1.17 and 1.40 but was not significantly modified by the partial replacement of FM. Similarly, the proximate composition of the fillets was not significantly different between the control and experimental diet groups. The ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acid to saturated fatty acids ranged between 0.67 and 0.79 in the fillets, without significant differences between groups. The atherogenic index was increased in the BS group, as compared to the others; however, the thrombogenicity index of fillets was not significantly affected. Similarly, the conventional quality traits of the fillet, such as cooking, drip, and thawing losses, did not differ within treatments. This study demonstrates that the dietary inclusion of black soldier fly and/or mealworm meals used for African catfish at the tested inclusion level has negligible impact on fillet properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Askale Gebremichael
- Department of Freshwater Fish Ecology, Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Guba S. u. 40., 7400, Kaposvár, Hungary
- Department of Animal Science, Mizan-Tepi University, 260 Mizan Aman District, Mizan Teferi, Ethiopia
| | - András Szabó
- Agribiotechnology and Precision Breeding for Food Security National Laboratory, Institute of Physiology and Nutrition, Department of Physiology and Animal Health, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Guba S. u. 40., 7400, Kaposvár, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna J. Sándor
- Research Centre of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Anna-Liget. u. 35., Szarvas 5540, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Nagy
- Research Centre of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Anna-Liget. u. 35., Szarvas 5540, Hungary
| | - Omeralfaroug Ali
- Agribiotechnology and Precision Breeding for Food Security National Laboratory, Institute of Physiology and Nutrition, Department of Physiology and Animal Health, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Guba S. u. 40., 7400, Kaposvár, Hungary
| | - Balázs Kucska
- Department of Freshwater Fish Ecology, Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Guba S. u. 40., 7400, Kaposvár, Hungary
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Gebremichael A, Kucska B, Ardó L, Biró J, Berki M, Lengyel-Kónya É, Tömösközi-Farkas R, Egessa R, Müller T, Gyalog G, Sándor ZJ. Physiological Response of Grower African Catfish to Dietary Black Soldier Fly and Mealworm Meal. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13060968. [PMID: 36978510 PMCID: PMC10044440 DOI: 10.3390/ani13060968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A six-week experiment was carried out to test the effects of total (100%) and partial (50%) replacement of fish meal in the diet of African catfish growers with black soldier fly (B) meal, yellow mealworm (M) meal, and a 1:1 combination of both (BM) on the production and health of fish. A total of 420 fish with an average initial body weight of 200 ± 0.5 g were randomly distributed in triplicate to seven diet groups (C, B50, B100, M50, M100, BM50, and BM100, respectively). The growth performance and feed utilization of fish fed with partial or total replacement levels of FM with B were not significantly affected (p > 0.05) during the 6 weeks of feeding. In contrast, significant differences were observed between the groups fed with a diet where FM was totally replaced with M meal and the control in terms of final body weight, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio, and protein productive value. Among the blood plasma biochemistry parameters, total cholesterol exhibited a significant difference (p = 0.007) between the M treatments and the control diet. The fatty acid profile of the liver was changed with respect to the long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid content in all experimental groups. Parallel with this, the upregulation of elovl5 and fas genes in liver was found in all experimental groups compared to the control. Overall, this study shows that fish meal cannot be substituted with yellow mealworm meal in the practical diet of African catfish without compromising the growth, health and feed utilization parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Askale Gebremichael
- Department of Applied Fish Biology, Hungarian University of Agricultural and Life Sciences Kaposvár Campus, Guba S. u. 40, 7400 Kaposvár, Hungary
| | - Balázs Kucska
- Department of Freshwater Fish Ecology Hungarian University of Agricultural and Life Sciences Kaposvár Campus, Guba S. u. 40, 7400 Kaposvár, Hungary
| | - László Ardó
- Research Centre of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Hungarian University of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Anna liget. u. 35, 5540 Szarvas, Hungary
| | - Janka Biró
- Research Centre of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Hungarian University of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Anna liget. u. 35, 5540 Szarvas, Hungary
| | - Mária Berki
- Food Science Research Group, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Villányi út 29-43, 1118 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Éva Lengyel-Kónya
- Food Science Research Group, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Villányi út 29-43, 1118 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Rita Tömösközi-Farkas
- Food Science Research Group, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Villányi út 29-43, 1118 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Robert Egessa
- Research Centre of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Hungarian University of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Anna liget. u. 35, 5540 Szarvas, Hungary
| | - Tamás Müller
- Department of Freshwater Fish Ecology, Hungarian University of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Szent István Campus, Páter K. u. 1, 2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Gergő Gyalog
- Research Centre of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Hungarian University of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Anna liget. u. 35, 5540 Szarvas, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna J Sándor
- Research Centre of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Hungarian University of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Anna liget. u. 35, 5540 Szarvas, Hungary
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Sándor ZJ, Banjac V, Vidosavljević S, Káldy J, Egessa R, Lengyel-Kónya É, Tömösközi-Farkas R, Zalán Z, Adányi N, Libisch B, Biró J. Apparent Digestibility Coefficients of Black Soldier Fly ( Hermetia illucens), Yellow Mealworm ( Tenebrio molitor), and Blue Bottle Fly ( Calliphora vicina) Insects for Juvenile African Catfish Hybrids ( Clarias gariepinus × Heterobranchus longifilis). Aquac Nutr 2022; 2022:4717014. [PMID: 36860442 PMCID: PMC9973197 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4717014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A digestibility trial was conducted with African catfish hybrid juveniles in order to determine the apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of different nutrients. The experimental diets contained defatted black soldier fly (BSL), yellow mealworm (MW), or fully fat blue bottle fly (BBF) meals, in a 70 : 30 ratio between the control diet and the tested insect meals. The indirect method for the digestibility study was performed using 0.1% yttrium oxide as an inert marker. Fish juveniles of 217.4 ± 9.5 g initial weight were distributed in 1 m3 tanks (75 fish/tank) of a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS), in triplicates, and fed until satiation for 18 days. The average final weight of the fish was 346 ± 35.8 g. The ADCs of the dry matter, protein, lipid, chitin, ash, phosphorus, amino acids, fatty acids, and gross energy for the test ingredients and diets were calculated. A six-month storage test was carried out to evaluate the shelf life of the experimental diets, while the peroxidation and microbiological status of the diets were also assessed. The ADC values of the test diets differed significantly (p < 0.001) compared to those of the control for most of the nutrients. Altogether, the BSL diet was significantly more digestible for protein, fat, ash, and phosphorus than the control diet but less digestible for essential amino acids. Significant differences were found between the ADCs of the different insect meals evaluated (p < 0.001) for practically all nutritional fractions analyzed. The African catfish hybrids were able to digest BSL and BBF more efficiently than MW, and the calculated ADC values agreed with those of other fish species. The lower ADCs of the tested MW meal correlated (p < 0.05) with the markedly higher acid detergent fiber (ADF) levels present in the MW meal and MW diet. Microbiological evaluation of the feeds revealed that mesophilic aerobic bacteria in the BSL feed were 2-3 orders of magnitude more abundant than those in the other diets and their numbers significantly increased during storage. Overall, BSL and BBF proved to be potential feed ingredients for African catfish juveniles and the shelf life of the produced diets with 30% inclusion of insect meal retained the required quality during a six-month period of storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsanna J. Sándor
- Research Centre for Aquaculture and Fisheries (HAKI), Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Anna liget u. 35, Szarvas, Hungary
| | - Vojislav Banjac
- University of Novi Sad, Institute of Food Technology, Bulevar cara Lazara br. 1, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Strahinja Vidosavljević
- University of Novi Sad, Institute of Food Technology, Bulevar cara Lazara br. 1, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Jenő Káldy
- Research Centre for Aquaculture and Fisheries (HAKI), Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Anna liget u. 35, Szarvas, Hungary
| | - Robert Egessa
- Doctoral School of Animal Husbandry Science, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gödöllő, Hungary
- National Agricultural Research Organisation (NARO), Jinja, Uganda
| | - Éva Lengyel-Kónya
- Research Group of Food Science, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Herman Ottó u. 15, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Rita Tömösközi-Farkas
- Research Group of Food Science, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Herman Ottó u. 15, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Zalán
- Research Group of Food Science, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Herman Ottó u. 15, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nóra Adányi
- Research Group of Food Science, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Herman Ottó u. 15, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Libisch
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Szent-Györgyi Albert u. 4, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Janka Biró
- Research Centre for Aquaculture and Fisheries (HAKI), Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Anna liget u. 35, Szarvas, Hungary
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Káldy J, Patakiné Várkonyi E, Fazekas GL, Nagy Z, Sándor ZJ, Bogár K, Kovács G, Molnár M, Lázár B, Goda K, Gyöngy Z, Ritter Z, Nánási P, Horváth Á, Ljubobratović U. Effects of Hydrostatic Pressure Treatment of Newly Fertilized Eggs on the Ploidy Level and Karyotype of Pikeperch Sander lucioperca (Linnaeus, 1758). Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11121296. [PMID: 34947827 PMCID: PMC8708264 DOI: 10.3390/life11121296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied the effect of different magnitudes (7000 PSI (48.26 MPa), 8000 PSI (55.16 MPa), and 9000 PSI (62.05 MPa)) of hydrostatic pressure on the ploidy of pikeperch larvae. Pressure shock was applied 5 min after the fertilization of eggs at a water temperature of 14.8 ± 1 °C. A 7000 PSI pressure shock was applied for 10 or 20 min, while 8000 and 9000 PSI treatments lasted for 10 min. Each treatment with its respective control was completed in triplicate, where different females’ eggs served as a replicate. In the treatment groups exposed to 7000 PSI for 10 min, only diploid and triploid larvae were identified, while 2n/3n mosaic individuals were found after a 20-min exposure to a 7000 PSI pressure shock. The application of 8000 or 9000 PSI pressure shocks resulted in only triploid and mosaic individuals. Among larvae from eggs treated with 8000 PSI, three mosaic individuals with 2n/3n karyotype were identified (4.0 ± 6.9%), while a single (2.0 ± 3.5%) 1n/3n mosaic individual was found in the 9000 PSI-treated group. To our knowledge, this is the first report that demonstrates the induction of a haplo-triploid karyotype by hydrostatic pressure shock in teleost fish. The dominance of triploid individuals with a reasonable survival rate (36.8 ± 26.1%) after 8000 PSI shock supports the suitability of the hydrostatic pressure treatment of freshly fertilized eggs for triploid induction in pikeperch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenő Káldy
- Research Center of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary; (G.L.F.); (Z.N.); (Z.J.S.); (K.B.); (G.K.); (U.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Eszter Patakiné Várkonyi
- National Centre for Biodiversity and Gene Conservation, Institute for Farm Animal Gene Conservation, H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary; (E.P.V.); (M.M.); (B.L.)
| | - Georgina Lea Fazekas
- Research Center of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary; (G.L.F.); (Z.N.); (Z.J.S.); (K.B.); (G.K.); (U.L.)
- Doctoral School of Animal Biotechnology and Animal Science, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Nagy
- Research Center of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary; (G.L.F.); (Z.N.); (Z.J.S.); (K.B.); (G.K.); (U.L.)
| | - Zsuzsanna J. Sándor
- Research Center of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary; (G.L.F.); (Z.N.); (Z.J.S.); (K.B.); (G.K.); (U.L.)
| | - Katalin Bogár
- Research Center of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary; (G.L.F.); (Z.N.); (Z.J.S.); (K.B.); (G.K.); (U.L.)
| | - Gyula Kovács
- Research Center of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary; (G.L.F.); (Z.N.); (Z.J.S.); (K.B.); (G.K.); (U.L.)
- Festetics György Doctoral School, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Mariann Molnár
- National Centre for Biodiversity and Gene Conservation, Institute for Farm Animal Gene Conservation, H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary; (E.P.V.); (M.M.); (B.L.)
- Doctoral School of Animal Biotechnology and Animal Science, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Bence Lázár
- National Centre for Biodiversity and Gene Conservation, Institute for Farm Animal Gene Conservation, H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary; (E.P.V.); (M.M.); (B.L.)
- Animal Biotechnology Department, Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Katalin Goda
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (K.G.); (Z.G.); (Z.R.); (P.N.J.)
- Doctoral School of Molecular Cell and Immune Biology, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Gyöngy
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (K.G.); (Z.G.); (Z.R.); (P.N.J.)
- Doctoral School of Molecular Cell and Immune Biology, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Ritter
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (K.G.); (Z.G.); (Z.R.); (P.N.J.)
- Doctoral School of Molecular Cell and Immune Biology, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Péter Nánási
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (K.G.); (Z.G.); (Z.R.); (P.N.J.)
- Doctoral School of Molecular Cell and Immune Biology, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ákos Horváth
- Department of Aquaculture, Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary;
| | - Uroš Ljubobratović
- Research Center of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary; (G.L.F.); (Z.N.); (Z.J.S.); (K.B.); (G.K.); (U.L.)
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