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Hanafiah ZM, Azmi AR, Wan-Mohtar WAAQI, Olivito F, Golemme G, Ilham Z, Jamaludin AA, Razali N, Halim-Lim SA, Wan Mohtar WHM. Water Quality Assessment and Decolourisation of Contaminated Ex-Mining Lake Water Using Bioreactor Dye-Eating Fungus (BioDeF) System: A Real Case Study. Toxics 2024; 12:60. [PMID: 38251015 PMCID: PMC10818540 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12010060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The environmental conditions of a lake are influenced by its type and various environmental forces such as water temperature, nutrients content, and longitude and latitude to which it is exposed. Due to population growth and development limits, former mining lakes are being converted to more lucrative land uses like those of recreational zones, agriculture, and livestock. The fungus Ganoderma lucidum has the potential to be utilised as a substitute or to perform synergistic bacteria-coupled functions in efficient contaminated lake water treatment. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the water quality and water quality index (WQI) of an ex-mining lake named Main Lake in the Paya Indah Wetland, Selangor. Furthermore, the current work simulates the use of a Malaysian fungus in decolourising the contaminated ex-mining lake by the BioDeF system in a 300 mL jar inoculated with 10% (v/v) of pre-grown Ganoderma lucidum pellets for 48 h. According to the results, the lake water is low in pH (5.49 ± 0.1 on average), of a highly intense dark brownish colour (average reading of 874.67 ± 3.7 TCU), and high in iron (Fe) content (3.2422 ± 0.2533 mg/L). The water quality index of the lake was between 54.59 and 57.44, with an average value of 56.45; thus, the water was categorized as Class III, i.e., under-polluted water, according to the Malaysian Department of Environment Water Quality Index (DOE-WQI, DOE 2020). The batch bioreactor BioDeF system significantly reduced more than 90% of the water's colour. The utilization of Ganoderma lucidum as an adsorbent material offers a variety of advantages, as it is easily available and cultivated, and it is not toxic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zarimah Mohd Hanafiah
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Build Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Malaysia;
| | - Ammar Radzi Azmi
- Functional Omics and Bioprocess Development Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
| | - Wan Abd Al Qadr Imad Wan-Mohtar
- Functional Omics and Bioprocess Development Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
| | - Fabrizio Olivito
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Golemme
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy;
| | - Zul Ilham
- Environmental Science and Management Program, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (Z.I.); (A.A.J.)
| | - Adi Ainurzaman Jamaludin
- Environmental Science and Management Program, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (Z.I.); (A.A.J.)
| | - Nadzmin Razali
- Gamuda Land, Menara Gamuda, PJ Trade Centre, No. 8 Jalan PJU 8/8A, Bandar Damansara Perdana, Petaling Jaya 47820, Malaysia
| | - Sarina Abdul Halim-Lim
- Operational and Quality Management Unit, Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Wan Hanna Melini Wan Mohtar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Build Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Malaysia;
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‘Aizat Norhisham D, Md Saad N, Ahmad Usuldin SR, Vayabari DAG, Ilham Z, Ibrahim MF, Show PL, Wan-Mohtar WAAQI. Performance of Malaysian kenaf Hibiscus cannabinus callus biomass and exopolysaccharide production in a novel liquid culture. Bioengineered 2023; 14:2262203. [PMID: 37791464 PMCID: PMC10552614 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2023.2262203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The versatility of a well-known fibrous crop, Hibiscus cannabinus (kenaf) is still relatively new to many. Kenaf's potential applications, which can be extended even into critical industries such as pharmaceutical and food industries, have always been overshadowed by its traditionally grown fiber. Therefore, this study aimed to venture into the biotechnological approach in reaping the benefits of kenaf through plant cell suspension culture to maximize the production of kenaf callus biomass (KCB) and exopolysaccharide (EPS), which is deemed to be more sustainable. A growth curve was established which indicates that cultivating kenaf callus in suspension culture for 22 days gives the highest KCB (9.09 ± 1.2 g/L) and EPS (1.1 ± 0.02 g/L). Using response surface methodology (RSM), it was found that sucrose concentration, agitation speed, and naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) concentration can affect the production of KCB and EPS significantly (p < 0.05) while 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) was deemed insignificant. To maximize the final yield of KCB and EPS, the final optimized variables are 50 g/L sucrose, 147.02 rpm, and 2 mg/L of NAA. To conclude, the optimized parameters for the cell suspension culture of kenaf callus serve as the blueprint for any sustainable large-scale production in the future and provide an alternative cultivating method to kenaf traditional farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danial ‘Aizat Norhisham
- Functional Omics and Bioprocess Development Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Agro-Biotechnology Institute, National Institutes of Biotechnology Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Malaysia
- Department of Sustainable Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, India
| | - Norsharina Md Saad
- Agro-Biotechnology Institute, National Institutes of Biotechnology Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Siti Rokhiyah Ahmad Usuldin
- Functional Omics and Bioprocess Development Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Agro-Biotechnology Institute, National Institutes of Biotechnology Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Diwiya A G Vayabari
- Functional Omics and Bioprocess Development Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zul Ilham
- Environmental Science and Management Program, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Faizal Ibrahim
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Pau-Loke Show
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Malaysia
- Department of Sustainable Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, India
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Wan Abd Al Qadr Imad Wan-Mohtar
- Functional Omics and Bioprocess Development Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Solar Research Institute (SRI), School of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Shah Alam, Malaysia
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Vayabari DAG, Ilham Z, Md Saad N, Usuldin SRA, Norhisham DA, Abd Rahim MH, Wan-Mohtar WAAQI. Cultivation Strategies of Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) as a Future Approach in Malaysian Agriculture Industry. Horticulturae 2023; 9:925. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae9080925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, kenaf has gained significant global attention as a more cost-effective, adaptable, and manageable alternative to other fibre crops. India and China, with nearly 70% of the global kenaf production, have emerged as the leading producers of kenaf plants. While kenaf was traditionally valued for its paper production, it has evolved into a multipurpose crop with diverse industrial applications over the past two decades. Conventional soil-based cultivation methods for kenaf require up to six months for plant maturity. However, in vitro propagation techniques offer a promising alternative that enables faster growth and reduced labour costs. In vitro propagation can be achieved using solid and liquid media, with limited research available on the pure liquid culture method for kenaf. This review aims to introduce and compare the production of kenaf using solid and liquid media, with a specific focus on the emerging country of Malaysia, which seeks to harness the potential of kenaf cultivation for the 15th Sustainable Development Goal, “life on land”, and its contribution to the economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diwiyaa A. G. Vayabari
- Functional Omics and Bioprocess Development Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Zul Ilham
- Bioresources and Bioprocessing Research Group, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Norsharina Md Saad
- Agro-Biotechnology Institute, National Institute of Biotechnology Malaysia, Jalan Bioteknologi, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Siti Rokhiyah Ahmad Usuldin
- Agro-Biotechnology Institute, National Institute of Biotechnology Malaysia, Jalan Bioteknologi, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Danial’ Aizat Norhisham
- Functional Omics and Bioprocess Development Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Muhamad Hafiz Abd Rahim
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Wan Abd Al Qadr Imad Wan-Mohtar
- Functional Omics and Bioprocess Development Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
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A G Vayabari D, Ilham Z, Md Saad N, Ahmad Usuldin SR, Norhisyam DA, Abd Rahim MH, Wan-mohtar WAAQI. Cultivation Strategies of Kenaf (Hibiscus Cannabinus L.) In Solid and Liquid Cultures A Promising Approach for Establishing Kenaf as Malaysia's Leading Future Fiber Crop.. [DOI: 10.20944/preprints202307.0255.v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Keywords: Kenaf; liquid cultivation; solid cultivation; in vitro propagation, life on land
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Wan-Mohtar WAAQI, Ilham Z, Rowan NJ. Editorial: “The value of microbial bioreactors to meet challenges in the circular bioeconomy”. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1181822. [PMID: 37091340 PMCID: PMC10113628 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1181822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wan Abd Al Qadr Imad Wan-Mohtar
- Functional Omics and Bioprocess Development Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Empower Eco Research Institute, Technological University of the Shannon: Midlands Midwest, Athlone, Ireland
- *Correspondence: Wan Abd Al Qadr Imad Wan-Mohtar, ; Zul Ilham, ; Neil J. Rowan,
| | - Zul Ilham
- Environmental Science and Management Program, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- *Correspondence: Wan Abd Al Qadr Imad Wan-Mohtar, ; Zul Ilham, ; Neil J. Rowan,
| | - Neil J. Rowan
- Empower Eco Research Institute, Technological University of the Shannon: Midlands Midwest, Athlone, Ireland
- *Correspondence: Wan Abd Al Qadr Imad Wan-Mohtar, ; Zul Ilham, ; Neil J. Rowan,
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Chong SY, Ilham Z, Samsudin NIP, Soumaya S, Wan-Mohtar WAAQI. Microbial consortia and up-to-date technologies in global soy sauce production: A review. IFRJ 2023; 30:1-24. [DOI: 10.47836/ifrj.30.1.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Soy sauce is an Oriental fermented condiment, and key ingredient in many Asian cuisines. As consumers around the world are becoming more adventurous with their eating choices and preferences, the demand for and popularity of Asian cuisines are increasing globally. The underlying basis of soy sauce fermentation is intricate microbial interactions which play a vital role in defining the quality, flavour, and smell of the resulting soy sauce. Traditional soy sauce fermentation consists of a two-step process: koji and moromi fermentation. Despite the presence of beneficial microorganisms in soy sauce, various harmful microorganisms can also be found during the koji or moromi step, thus resulting in soy sauce contamination. Therefore, studying the biodiversity and interactions of microorganisms is critical in ensuring soy sauce quality. The present review thus discusses in depth the various bacterial and fungal species that are either beneficial or harmful to soy sauce fermentation. The present review also discusses the advances in soy sauce fermentation such as the enhancement of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in soy sauce by microorganisms, the enhancement of soy sauce flavour by mixed starter culture, and by genome shuffling starter culture.
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Mohamad Jahis BM, Ilham Z, Supramani S, Sohedein MNA, Ibrahim MF, Abd-Aziz S, Rowan N, Wan-Mohtar WAAQI. Ganodiesel: A New Biodiesel Feedstock from Biomass of the Mushroom Ganoderma lucidum. Sustainability 2022; 14:10764. [DOI: 10.3390/su141710764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
There is a pressing demand for new sustainable eco-friendly approaches to producing green energy worldwide. This study represents the novel production of biodiesel feedstock from the medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum QRS 5120 using state-of-the-art biotechnology tools. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to enhance G. lucidum production in a repeated-batch fermentation strategy. By referring to the broth replacement ratio (BRR) and broth replacement time point (BRTP), RSM that was formulated using a central composite design (CCD) resulted in a significant model for all tested variables, which are exopolysaccharide (EPS), endopolysaccharide (ENS) and biomass, with BRR (%) of 60, 75 and 90, and BRTP (days) of 11, 13 and 15. The model was validated using the optimised conditions, and the results showed 4.21 g/L of EPS (BRR 77.46% and BRTP 12 days), 2.44 g/L of ENS (BRR 60% and BRTP 12.85 days), and 34.32 g/L of biomass (BRR 89.52% and BRTP 10.96 days) were produced. Biomass produced from the G. lucidum was subsequently used as feedstock for biodiesel production. Approximately 20.36% of lipid was successfully extracted from the dried G. lucidum biomass via a solvent extraction and subsequently converted to Ganodiesel through a transesterification process. The Ganodiesel produced fulfilled most of the international standards, i.e., US (ASTM D6751-08) and EU (EN 14214). Overall, this study demonstrates the optimised G. lucidum production and its lipid production as a new biodiesel feedstock.
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Sassi S, Ilham Z, Jamaludin NS, Halim-Lim SA, Shin Yee C, Weng Loen AW, Poh Suan O, Ibrahim MF, Wan-Mohtar WAAQI. Critical Optimized Conditions for Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA)-Producing Tetragenococcus Halophilus Strain KBC from a Commercial Soy Sauce Moromi in Batch Fermentation. Fermentation 2022; 8:409. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8080409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) has several health-promoting qualities, leading to a growing demand for natural GABA production via microbial fermentation. The GABA-producing abilities of the new Tetragenococcus halophilus (THSK) isolated from a commercial soy sauce moromi were proven in this investigation. Under aerobic conditions, the isolate produced 293.43 mg/L of GABA after 5 days of cultivation, compared to 217.13 mg/L under anaerobic conditions. Critical parameters such as pH, monosodium glutamate (MSG), and sodium chloride (NaCl) concentrations were examined to improve GABA yield. MSG had the most significant impact on GABA and GABA synthesis was not suppressed even at high NaCl concentrations. Data showed that a pH of 8, MSG content of 5 g/L, and 20% NaCl were the best culture conditions. The ultimate yield was improved to 653.101 mg/L, a 2.22-fold increase (293.43 mg/L). This design shows that the bacteria THSK has industrial GABA production capability and can be incorporated into functional food.
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Cheng A, Lim WY, Lim PE, Yang Amri A, Poong SW, Song SL, Ilham Z. Marine Autotroph-Herbivore Synergies: Unravelling the Roles of Macroalgae in Marine Ecosystem Dynamics. Biology 2022; 11:biology11081209. [PMID: 36009834 PMCID: PMC9405220 DOI: 10.3390/biology11081209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Invasive species are a leading hazard to marine ecosystems worldwide, coupled with climate change. Tackling the emerging biodiversity threat to maintain the ecological balance of the largest biome in the world has now become a pivotal part of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Marine herbivores are generally regarded as biological agents that restrict invasive species, and their efficiency depends on their dietary habits, especially the autotrophs they eat. Many researchers have found contradicting findings on the effects of nutritional attributes and novelty of autotrophs on herbivore eating behaviour. In light of the scattered literature on the mechanistic basis of autotroph-herbivore interactions, we provide a comprehensive review to fill knowledge gaps about synergies based on macroalgae, an important group of photosynthetic organisms in the marine biome that interact strongly with generalist herbivores. We also analyse macroalgal defence measures against herbivores, underlining unique features and potential roles in maintaining marine ecosystems. The nutritional qualities, shape, and novelty of autotrophs can alter herbivore feeding behaviour. Future research should explore aspects that can alter marine autotroph-herbivore interactions to resolve inconsistent results of specific features and the uniqueness of the organisms involved. Abstract Species invasion is a leading threat to marine ecosystems worldwide, being deemed as one of the ultimate jeopardies for biodiversity along with climate change. Tackling the emerging biodiversity threat to maintain the ecological balance of the largest biome in the world has now become a pivotal part of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Marine herbivores are often considered as biological agents that control the spread of invasive species, and their effectiveness depends largely on factors that influence their feeding preferences, including the specific attributes of their food–the autotrophs. While the marine autotroph-herbivore interactions have been substantially discussed globally, many studies have reported contradictory findings on the effects of nutritional attributes and novelty of autotrophs on herbivore feeding behaviour. In view of the scattered literature on the mechanistic basis of autotroph-herbivore interactions, we generate a comprehensive review to furnish insights into critical knowledge gaps about the synergies based largely on the characteristics of macroalgae; an important group of photosynthetic organisms in the marine biome that interact strongly with generalist herbivores. We also discuss the key defence strategies of these macroalgae against the herbivores, highlighting their unique attributes and plausible roles in keeping the marine ecosystems intact. Overall, the feeding behaviour of herbivores can be affected by the nutritional attributes, morphology, and novelty of the autotrophs. We recommend that future research should carefully consider different factors that can potentially affect the dynamics of the marine autotroph-herbivore interactions to resolve the inconsistent results of specific attributes and novelty of the organisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Acga Cheng
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Wai Yin Lim
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Phaik-Eem Lim
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Affendi Yang Amri
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Sze-Wan Poong
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Sze-Looi Song
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
- Institute for Advanced Studies, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (S.-L.S.); (Z.I.); Tel.: +60-37967-4014 (Z.I.)
| | - Zul Ilham
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
- Correspondence: (S.-L.S.); (Z.I.); Tel.: +60-37967-4014 (Z.I.)
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Wan Mohtar WHM, Wan-Mohtar WAAQI, Zahuri AA, Ibrahim MF, Show PL, Ilham Z, Jamaludin AA, Abdul Patah MF, Ahmad Usuldin SR, Rowan N. Role of ascomycete and basidiomycete fungi in meeting established and emerging sustainability opportunities: a review. Bioengineered 2022; 13:14903-14935. [PMID: 37105672 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2023.2184785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal biomass is the future's feedstock. Non-septate Ascomycetes and septate Basidiomycetes, famously known as mushrooms, are sources of fungal biomass. Fungal biomass, which on averagely comprises about 34% protein and 45% carbohydrate, can be cultivated in bioreactors to produce affordable, safe, nontoxic, and consistent biomass quality. Fungal-based technologies are seen as attractive, safer alternatives, either substituting or complementing the existing standard technology. Water and wastewater treatment, food and feed, green technology, innovative designs in buildings, enzyme technology, potential health benefits, and wealth production are the key sectors that successfully reported high-efficiency performances of fungal applications. This paper reviews the latest technical know-how, methods, and performance of fungal adaptation in those sectors. Excellent performance was reported indicating high potential for fungi utilization, particularly in the sectors, yet to be utilized and improved on the existing fungal-based applications. The expansion of fungal biomass in the industrial-scale application for the sustainability of earth and human well-being is in line with the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Hanna Melini Wan Mohtar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
- Environmental Management Centre, Institute of Climate Change, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wan Abd Al Qadr Imad Wan-Mohtar
- Functional Omics and Bioprocess Development Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Research Institutes and Industry Centres, Bioscience Research Institute, Technological University of the Shannon, MidlandsMidwest, Westmeath, Ireland
| | - Afnan Ahmadi Zahuri
- Functional Omics and Bioprocess Development Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Faizal Ibrahim
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Pau-Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Malaysia
| | - Zul Ilham
- Environmental Science and Management Program, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Adi Ainurzaman Jamaludin
- Environmental Science and Management Program, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Muhamad Fazly Abdul Patah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siti Rokhiyah Ahmad Usuldin
- Functional Omics and Bioprocess Development Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Agro-Biotechnology Institute, Malaysia, National Institutes of Biotechnology Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Neil Rowan
- Research Institutes and Industry Centres, Bioscience Research Institute, Technological University of the Shannon, MidlandsMidwest, Westmeath, Ireland
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Shin Yee C, Sohedein MNA, Poh Suan O, Weng Loen AW, Abd Rahim MH, Soumaya S, Ilham Z, Wan-Mohtar WAAQI. The production of functional γ-aminobutyric acid Malaysian soy sauce koji and moromi using the trio of Aspergillus oryzae NSK, Bacillus cereus KBC, and the newly identified Tetragenococcus halophilus KBC in liquid-state fermentation. Future Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fufo.2021.100055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Usuldin SRA, Wan-Mohtar WAAQI, Ilham Z, Jamaludin AA, Abdullah NR, Rowan N. In vivo toxicity of bioreactor-grown biomass and exopolysaccharides from Malaysian tiger milk mushroom mycelium for potential future health applications. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23079. [PMID: 34845290 PMCID: PMC8629991 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02486-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural mycelial biomass (MB) and exopolysaccharides (EPS) of Malaysian tiger milk mushroom Lignosus rhinocerus are considered high-end components due to their high commercial potential value in drug discovery. This study aims to evaluate the toxicity of the mushroom extracts' generated in a bioreactor using the zebrafish embryo toxicity (ZFET) model assay as a new therapy for treating asthma. Both MB and EPS extracts, at concentrations 0.16-10 mg/mL, were tested for ZFET and early development effects on Zebrafish Embryos (ZE) during 24-120 h post-fertilisation (HPF). Findings revealed that MB was deemed safe with an LC50 of 0.77 mg/mL; the EPS were non-toxic (LC50 of 0.41 mg/mL). Neither MB nor EPS delayed hatching nor teratogenic defects in the treated ZE at a 2.5 mg/mL dose. There were no significant changes in the ZE heart rate after treatments with MB (130 beats/min) and EPS (140 beats/min), compared to that of normal ZE (120-180 beats/min). Mixing both natural compounds MB and EPS did not affect toxicity using ZFET testing; thus, intimating their safe future use as therapeutic interventions. This represents the first study to have used the ZFET assay on MB and EPS extracts of L. rhinocerus for future health applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Rokhiyah Ahmad Usuldin
- Agro-Biotechnology Institute, Malaysia (ABI), National Institutes of Biotechnology Malaysia (NIMB), c/o HQ MARDI, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Functional Omics and Bioprocess Development Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wan Abd Al Qadr Imad Wan-Mohtar
- Functional Omics and Bioprocess Development Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Bioresources and Bioprocessing Research Group, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Bioscience Research Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology, Athlone, Ireland
| | - Zul Ilham
- Bioresources and Bioprocessing Research Group, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Environmental Science and Management Program, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Adi Ainurzaman Jamaludin
- Environmental Science and Management Program, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nur Raihan Abdullah
- Department of Biotechnology, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Neil Rowan
- Bioscience Research Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology, Athlone, Ireland. .,Empower Eco Innovation Hub, Boora, Co. Offaly, Ireland.
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13
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Balamurugan JP, Supramani S, Ahmad Usuldin SR, Ilham Z, Klaus A, Khairul Ikram NK, Ahmad R, Wan-Mohtar WAAQI. Efficient biomass-endopolysaccharide production from an identified wild-Serbian Ganoderma applanatum strain BGS6Ap mycelium in a controlled submerged fermentation. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumaya Sassi
- Functional Omics and Bioprocess Development Laboratory Institute of Biological Sciences Faculty of Science Universiti Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
- Biomass Energy Laboratory Faculty of Science Universiti Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Wan Abd Al Qadr Imad Wan‐Mohtar
- Functional Omics and Bioprocess Development Laboratory Institute of Biological Sciences Faculty of Science Universiti Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
- Bioresources and Bioprocessing Research Group Faculty of Science Universiti Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | | | - Zul Ilham
- Biomass Energy Laboratory Faculty of Science Universiti Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
- Bioresources and Bioprocessing Research Group Faculty of Science Universiti Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
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Wan-Mohtar WAAQI, Abdul Halim-Lim S, Pillai Balamurugan J, Mohd Saad MZ, Azizan NAZ, Jamaludin AA, Ilham Z. Effect of Sugar-Pectin-Citric Acid Pre-Commercialization Formulation on the Physicochemical, Sensory, and Shelf-Life Properties of Musa cavendish Banana Jam. SAINS MALAYS 2021. [DOI: 10.17576/jsm-2021-5005-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cavendish banana is the second most cultivated species in Malaysia due to its high potassium and vitamin B6 content. However, there has been little commercialisation of Cavendish banana in jam making to date because of its unappealing physical characteristics and unsavoury taste. In the present study, response surface methodology was used to determine the optimum quantity of sugar (175-275 g)-pectin (3-7 g)-citric acid (150-234 mL) (SPC) on water activity, °Brix, colour analysis, pH, total titratable acidity (TTA), and sensory attributes of formulated banana jams. The amount of sugar-pectin-citric acid was found to have an effect on the TTA and pH of the banana jams. Conversely, water activity and °Brix were only affected by the amount of sugar. The lightness, L* of the banana jams was influenced by the quantity of pectin and the volume of citric acid added. Sensory analysis using 30 panellists showed that there were changes in the colour, taste, aroma, texture, and overall acceptability of banana jam depending on the amount of sugar used. In a shelf life study, banana jams stored at 4 °C were found to have a longer shelf life compared to those stored at 25 °C. Overall, the optimal formulation for a high-quality banana jam was 281.79 g of sugar, 4.13 g of pectin, and 264.66 mL of citric acid. This study constitutes the first report on the potential pre-commercialisation formulation for Cavendish banana jam production.
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Wan-Mohtar WAAQI, Ilham Z, Jamaludin AA, Rowan N. Use of Zebrafish Embryo Assay to Evaluate Toxicity and Safety of Bioreactor-Grown Exopolysaccharides and Endopolysaccharides from European Ganoderma applanatum Mycelium for Future Aquaculture Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1675. [PMID: 33562361 PMCID: PMC7914815 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural mycelial exopolysaccharide (EPS) and endopolysaccharide (ENS) extracted from bioreactor-cultivated European Ganoderma applanatum mushrooms are of potential high commercial value for both food and adjacent biopharmaceutical industries. In order to evaluate their potential toxicity for aquaculture application, both EPS (0.01-10 mg/mL) and ENS (0.01-10 mg/mL) extracts were tested for Zebrafish Embryo Toxicity (ZFET); early development effects on Zebrafish Embryos (ZE) were also analyzed between 24 and 120 h post-fertilization (HPF). Both EPS and ENS are considered non-toxic with LC50 of 1.41 mg/mL and 0.87 mg/mL respectively. Both EPS and ENS did not delay hatching and teratogenic defect towards ZE with <1.0 mg/mL, respectively. No significant changes in the ZE heart rate were detected following treatment with the two compounds tested (EPS: 0.01-10 mg/mL: 176.44 ± 0.77 beats/min and ENS: 0.01-10 mg/mL: 148.44 ± 17.75 beats/min) compared to normal ZE (120-180 beats/min). These initial findings support future pre-clinical trials in adult fish models with view to safely using EPS and ENS as potential feed supplements for supplements for development of the aquaculture industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Abd Al Qadr Imad Wan-Mohtar
- Functional Omics and Bioprocess Development Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
- Bioresources and Bioprocessing Research Group, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
- Bioscience Research Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology, Dublin Road, N37 WO89 Athlone, Westmeath, Ireland
| | - Zul Ilham
- Bioresources and Bioprocessing Research Group, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
- Environmental Science and Management Program, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
| | - Adi Ainurzaman Jamaludin
- Environmental Science and Management Program, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
| | - Neil Rowan
- Bioscience Research Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology, Dublin Road, N37 WO89 Athlone, Westmeath, Ireland
- Empower Eco Innovation Hub, Lough Boora, Co., R35 DA50 Tullamore, Offaly, Ireland
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17
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Wan-Mohtar WAAQI, Halim-Lim SA, Kamarudin NZ, Rukayadi Y, Abd Rahim MH, Jamaludin AA, Ilham Z. Fruiting-body-base flour from an Oyster mushroom waste in the development of antioxidative chicken patty. J Food Sci 2020; 85:3124-3133. [PMID: 32860235 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In a commercial oyster mushroom farm, from 300 g of the total harvest, only the cap and stem of the fruiting body parts are harvested (200 g) while the unused lower section called fruiting-body-base (FBB) is discarded (50 g). A new antioxidative FBB flour (FBBF) conversion to mixed-ratio chicken patty was recently developed which converts 16.67% of FBB into an edible flour. At the initial stage, pretreatments of FBBF were optimized at particle size (106 µm) and citric acid concentration (0.5 g/100 mL) to improve flour antioxidant responses. Such pretreatments boosted total phenolic content (2.31 ± 0.53 mg GAE/g) and DPPH (51.53 ± 1.51%) of pretreated FBBF. Mixed-ratio chicken patty containing FBBF (10%, 20%, 30%) significantly (P < 0.05) influenced the hardness, cohesiveness, springiness, and chewiness of the patties. However, only the hardness and chewiness increased proportionally with the increase FBBF in concentration. Notably, 60 panellists considered that 10% FBBF-chicken patty sensory attributes, including lightness, redness, and yellowness, is acceptable to consumers. This information could be used to market any type of commercial mushroom farm waste as alternative food products. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This study shows that unused harvested mushroom waste from a local farm can be used to make an antioxidative chicken patty that is acceptable to consumer panellists. The converted mushroom waste into flour suggests that smaller particles and citric acid pretreatment can increase its nutritional value. This information can be used for waste conversion into new product development from any type of mushroom farm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Abd Al Qadr Imad Wan-Mohtar
- Functional Omics and Bioprocess Development Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia.,Bioresources and Bioprocessing Research Group, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Serdang, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Sarina Abdul Halim-Lim
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty Food Science and Technology, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Zahidah Kamarudin
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty Food Science and Technology, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400, Malaysia
| | - Yaya Rukayadi
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University Putra Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, 43400, Malaysia
| | - Muhamad Hafiz Abd Rahim
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University Putra Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, 43400, Malaysia
| | - Adi Ainurzaman Jamaludin
- Environmental Science and Management Program, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Zul Ilham
- Bioresources and Bioprocessing Research Group, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Serdang, 50603, Malaysia.,Environmental Science and Management Program, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
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Taufek NM, Harith HH, Abd Rahim MH, Ilham Z, Rowan N, Wan-Mohtar WAAQI. Performance of mycelial biomass and exopolysaccharide from Malaysian Ganoderma lucidum for the fungivore red hybrid Tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) in Zebrafish embryo. Aquaculture Reports 2020; 17:100322. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aqrep.2020.100322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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19
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Sohedein MNA, Wan-Mohtar WAAQI, Hui-Yin Y, Ilham Z, Chang JS, Supramani S, Siew-Moi P. Optimisation of biomass and lipid production of a tropical thraustochytrid Aurantiochytrium sp. UMACC-T023 in submerged-liquid fermentation for large-scale biodiesel production. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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20
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Shahariz Mohamad Adzib M, Ilham Z. Simultaneous analytical determination of methyl salicylate and thymol in selected malaysian traditional medicines. AIMS Medical Science 2020. [DOI: 10.3934/medsci.2020004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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21
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Hassan NA, Supramani S, Azzimi Sohedein MN, Ahmad Usuldin SR, Klaus A, Ilham Z, Chen WH, Wan-Mohtar WAAQI. Efficient biomass-exopolysaccharide production from an identified wild-Serbian Ganoderma lucidum strain BGF4A1 mycelium in a controlled submerged fermentation. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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22
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Husin M, Rahim N, Ahmad MR, Romli AZ, Ilham Z. Hydrolysis of microcrystalline cellulose isolated from waste seeds of Leucaena leucocephala for glucose production. Mal J Fund Appl Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.11113/mjfas.v15n2.1165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The waste seeds of Leucaena leucocephala (LLS) used in this study were unused residues obtained after oil and polysaccharides extraction. The microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was isolated from LLS by acid treatment. MCC produced was, then, further converted to glucose by using sulphuric acid at 121 °C by varying the acid concentration and reaction time. The sugar composition was analyzed by using the phenol-sulfuric acid method and pre-column derivatization HPLC technique. The yield of glucose ranging from 70–85% could be obtained from MCC hydrolyzates, depending on the hydrolysis factors, which corresponding to around 57-75% of the percentage conversion of MCC to glucose.Cellulose isolated from LLS was, therefore, potentially suitable to be utilized in liquid biofuels and other value-added chemicals such as bioethanol, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF), and levulinic acid.
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Wan-Mohtar WAAQI, Ab Kadir S, Halim-Lim SA, Ilham Z, Hajar-Azhari S, Saari N. Vital parameters for high gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) production by an industrial soy sauce koji Aspergillus oryzae NSK in submerged-liquid fermentation. Food Sci Biotechnol 2019; 28:1747-1757. [PMID: 31807347 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-019-00602-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In submerged-liquid fermentation, seven key parameters were assessed using one-factor-at-a-time to obtain the highest GABA yield using an industrial soy sauce koji Aspergillus oryzae strain NSK (AOSNSK). AOSNSK generated maximum GABA at 30 °C (194 mg/L) and initial pH 5 (231 mg/L), thus was able to utilize sucrose (327 mg/L of GABA) for carbon source. Sucrose at 100 g/L, improved GABA production at 646 mg/L. Single nitrogen sources failed to improve GABA production, however a combination of yeast extract (YE) and glutamic acid (GA) improved GABA at 646.78 mg/L. Carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (C8:N3) produced the highest cell (24.01 g/L) and GABA at a minimal time of 216 h. The key parameters of 30 °C, initial pH 5, 100 g/L of sucrose, combination YE and GA, and C8:N3 generated the highest GABA (3278.31 mg/L) in a koji fermentation. AOSNSK promisingly showed for the development of a new GABA-rich soy sauce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Abd Al Qadr Imad Wan-Mohtar
- 1Functional Omics and Bioprocess Development Laboratory, Biotechnology Program, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Safuan Ab Kadir
- 2Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Sarina Abdul Halim-Lim
- 4Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Zul Ilham
- 3Biomass Energy Laboratory, Environmental Science and Management Program, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siti Hajar-Azhari
- 2Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Nazamid Saari
- 2Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
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Supramani S, Ahmad R, Ilham Z, Annuar MSM, Klaus A, Wan-Mohtar WAAQI. Optimisation of biomass, exopolysaccharide and intracellular polysaccharide production from the mycelium of an identified Ganoderma lucidum strain QRS 5120 using response surface methodology. AIMS Microbiol 2019; 5:19-38. [PMID: 31384700 PMCID: PMC6646932 DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2019.1.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Wild-cultivated medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum was morphologically identified and sequenced using phylogenetic software. In submerged-liquid fermentation (SLF), biomass, exopolysaccharide (EPS) and intracellular polysaccharide (IPS) production of the identified G.lucidum was optimised based on initial pH, starting glucose concentration and agitation rate parameters using response surface methodology (RSM). Molecularly, the G. lucidum strain QRS 5120 generated 637 base pairs, which was commensurate with related Ganoderma species. In RSM, by applying central composite design (CCD), a polynomial model was fitted to the experimental data and was found to be significant in all parameters investigated. The strongest effect (p < 0.0001) was observed for initial pH for biomass, EPS and IPS production, while agitation showed a significant value (p < 0.005) for biomass. By applying the optimized conditions, the model was validated and generated 5.12 g/L of biomass (initial pH 4.01, 32.09 g/L of glucose and 102 rpm), 2.49 g/L EPS (initial pH 4, 24.25 g/L of glucose and 110 rpm) and 1.52 g/L of IPS (and initial pH 4, 40.43 g/L of glucose, 103 rpm) in 500 mL shake flask fermentation. The optimized parameters can be upscaled for efficient biomass, EPS and IPS production using G. lucidum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sugenendran Supramani
- Functional Omics and Bioprocess Development Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rahayu Ahmad
- Halal Action Laboratory, Kolej Permata Insan, University Sains Islam Malaysia, Bandar Baru Nilai, 71800, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Zul Ilham
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Anita Klaus
- Institute for Food Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Wan Abd Al Qadr Imad Wan-Mohtar
- Functional Omics and Bioprocess Development Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Salehmin MNI, Annuar MSM, Ilham Z. Gas–Liquid and Liquid–Liquid Mass Transfers in Simulated and Actual High Cell Density Fermentations. CHEM ENG COMMUN 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00986445.2014.968712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Saka S, Goembira F, Ilham Z. Comment on "A glycerol-free process to produce biodiesel by supercritical methyl acetate technology: an optimization study via response surface methodology". Bioresour Technol 2011; 102:3989-3991. [PMID: 21109431 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
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Ilham Z, Saka S. Two-step supercritical dimethyl carbonate method for biodiesel production from Jatropha curcas oil. Bioresour Technol 2010; 101:2735-2740. [PMID: 19932022 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.10.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2009] [Revised: 10/22/2009] [Accepted: 10/23/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This study reports on a novel two-step process for biodiesel production consisting of hydrolysis of oils in sub-critical water and subsequent supercritical dimethyl carbonate esterification. This process found to occur optimally at the sub-critical water treatment (270 degrees Celsius/27 MPa) for 25 min followed by a subsequent supercritical dimethyl carbonate treatment (300 degrees Celsius/9 MPa) for 15 min to achieve a comparably high yield of fatty acid methyl esters, at more than 97 wt%. In addition, the fatty acid methyl esters being produced satisfied the international standard specifications for use as biodiesel fuel. This new process for biodiesel production offers milder reaction condition (lower temperature and lower pressure), non-acidic, non-catalytic and applicable to feedstock with high amount of free fatty acids such as crude Jatropha curcas oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zul Ilham
- Department of Socio-Environmental Energy Science, Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University, Yoshida-honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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Ilham Z, Saka S. Dimethyl carbonate as potential reactant in non-catalytic biodiesel production by supercritical method. Bioresour Technol 2009; 100:1793-1796. [PMID: 18990561 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2008] [Revised: 09/25/2008] [Accepted: 09/25/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the non-catalytic supercritical method has been studied in utilizing dimethyl carbonate. It was demonstrated that, the supercritical dimethyl carbonate process without any catalysts applied, converted triglycerides to fatty acid methyl esters with glycerol carbonate and citramalic acid as by-products, while free fatty acids were converted to fatty acid methyl esters with glyoxal. After 12 min of reaction at 350 degrees C/20 MPa, rapeseed oil treated with supercritical dimethyl carbonate reached 94% (w/w) yield of fatty acid methyl ester. The by-products from this process which are glycerol carbonate and citramalic acid are much higher in value than glycerol produced by the conventional process. In addition, the yield of the fatty acid methyl esters as biodiesel was almost at par with supercritical methanol method. Therefore, supercritical dimethyl carbonate process can be a good candidate as an alternative biodiesel production process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zul Ilham
- Department of Socio-Environmental Energy Science, Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University, Yoshida-honmachi, Kyoto, Japan
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