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Xu AM, He CJ, Cheng X, Abuduaini A, Tuerxun Z, Sha YZ, Kaisaier A, Peng HM, Zhen YH, Zhang SJ, Xu JR, Li L, Zou XG. Distribution and identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis lineage in Kashgar prefecture. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:312. [PMID: 35354436 PMCID: PMC8966310 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07307-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Kashgar prefecture is an important transportation and trade hub with a high incidence of tuberculosis. The following study analyzed the composition and differences in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) lineage and specific tags to distinguish the lineage of the M.tb in Kashgar prefecture, thus providing a basis for the classification and diagnosis of tuberculosis in this area. Methods Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of 161 M.tb clinical strains was performed. The phylogenetic tree was constructed using Maximum Likelihood (ML) based on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and verified through principal component analysis (PCA). The composition structure of M.tb in different regions was analyzed by combining geographic information. Results M.tb clinical strains were composed of lineage 2 (73/161, 45.34%), lineage 3 (52/161, 32.30%) and lineage 4 (36/161, 22.36%). Moreover, the 3 lineages were subdivided into 11 sublineages, among which lineage 2 included lineage 2.2.2/Asia Ancestral 1 (9/73, 12.33%), lineage 2.2.1-Asia Ancestral 2 (9/73, 12.33%), lineage 2.2.1-Asia Ancestral 3 (18/73, 24.66%), and lineage 2.2.1-Modern Beijing (39/73, 53.42%). Lineage 3 included lineage 3.2 (14/52, 26.92%) and lineage 3.3 (38/52, 73.08%), while lineage 4 included lineage 4.1 (3/36, 8.33%), lineage 4.2 (2/36, 5.66%), lineage 4.4.2 (1/36, 2.78%), lineage 4.5 (28/36, 77.78%) and lineage 4.8 (2/36, 5.66%), all of which were consistent with the PCA results. One hundred thirty-six markers were proposed for discriminating known circulating strains. Reconstruction of a phylogenetic tree using the 136 SNPs resulted in a tree with the same number of delineated clades. Based on geographical location analysis, the composition of Lineage 2 in Kashgar prefecture (45.34%) was lower compared to other regions in China (54.35%-90.27%), while the composition of Lineage 3 (32.30%) was much higher than in other regions of China (0.92%-2.01%), but lower compared to the bordering Pakistan (70.40%). Conclusion Three lineages were identified in M.tb clinical strains from Kashgar prefecture, with 136 branch-specific SNP. Kashgar borders with countries that have a high incidence of tuberculosis, such as Pakistan and India, which results in a large difference between the M.tb lineage and sublineage distribution in this region and other provinces of China. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12879-022-07307-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Min Xu
- The First People's Hospital of Kashgar, No.66, Yingbin Avenue, Xinjiang, Kashgar, 844000, Kashgar City, China
| | - Chuan-Jiang He
- The First People's Hospital of Kashgar, No.66, Yingbin Avenue, Xinjiang, Kashgar, 844000, Kashgar City, China
| | - Xiang Cheng
- The First People's Hospital of Kashgar, No.66, Yingbin Avenue, Xinjiang, Kashgar, 844000, Kashgar City, China
| | - AniKiz Abuduaini
- The First People's Hospital of Kashgar, No.66, Yingbin Avenue, Xinjiang, Kashgar, 844000, Kashgar City, China
| | - Zureguli Tuerxun
- The First People's Hospital of Kashgar, No.66, Yingbin Avenue, Xinjiang, Kashgar, 844000, Kashgar City, China
| | - Yin-Zhong Sha
- The First People's Hospital of Kashgar, No.66, Yingbin Avenue, Xinjiang, Kashgar, 844000, Kashgar City, China
| | - Aihemaitijiang Kaisaier
- The First People's Hospital of Kashgar, No.66, Yingbin Avenue, Xinjiang, Kashgar, 844000, Kashgar City, China
| | - Hong-Mei Peng
- The First People's Hospital of Kashgar, No.66, Yingbin Avenue, Xinjiang, Kashgar, 844000, Kashgar City, China
| | - Ya-Hui Zhen
- The First People's Hospital of Kashgar, No.66, Yingbin Avenue, Xinjiang, Kashgar, 844000, Kashgar City, China
| | - Su-Jie Zhang
- The First People's Hospital of Kashgar, No.66, Yingbin Avenue, Xinjiang, Kashgar, 844000, Kashgar City, China
| | - Jing-Ran Xu
- The First People's Hospital of Kashgar, No.66, Yingbin Avenue, Xinjiang, Kashgar, 844000, Kashgar City, China
| | - Li Li
- The First People's Hospital of Kashgar, No.66, Yingbin Avenue, Xinjiang, Kashgar, 844000, Kashgar City, China.
| | - Xiao-Guang Zou
- The First People's Hospital of Kashgar, No.66, Yingbin Avenue, Xinjiang, Kashgar, 844000, Kashgar City, China.
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Xu AM, He CJ, Tuerxun Z, Anikezi A. FAM172A affects cell proliferation and apoptosis not by targeting β-tubulin in HepG2 cells. Transl Cancer Res 2020; 9:5637-5644. [PMID: 35117927 PMCID: PMC8797783 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-20-2868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microtubules pull chromosomes apart during cell mitosis and take part in cell division, Inhibiting the formation of spindle microtubules during mitosis has become one of the current anti-tumor research strategies. Earlier studies have found that the family with sequence similarity 172, member A (FAM172A) can significantly inhibit the proliferation of human colorectal cancer cell line LOVO cells and promote apoptosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the biological effects of FAM172A on liver cancer cells and the interaction mechanism with tubulin. METHODS Use STRING software predicted the interactions between FAM172A and β-tubulin, and verify by immunoprecipitation. Real-Time qPCR was used to determine the expression levels of β-tubulin in liver cancer cell line HepG2, western blot was performed to detect protein expression levels. Immunofluorescence experiment to detect the distribution, shape and the dynamic behavior of depolymerization-aggregation of β-tubulin in cells. MTT, wound healing and Transwell assay were employed to determine cell proliferation, migration and invasion respectively. Flow cytometry was conducted to determine cell cycle and apoptosis. RESULTS There is no interactions between FAM172A and β-tubulin. We determined that when FAM172A was up-regulated or down-regulated, the mRNA and protein levels of β-tubulin did not change significantly (P>0.05). Furthermore, the distribution, shape of β-tubulin in cells, and the dynamic behavior of depolymerization-aggregation was not affected. After FAM172A overexpression, the migration and invasion of HepG2 cells were significantly inhibited (P<0.05), the cell proliferation was also significantly inhibited (P<0.05) and was time-dependent. The HepG2 cells had apparent S phase arrest and apoptosis (P<0.05). After interfering with FAM172A, the opposite result will appear. CONCLUSIONS The results show that FAM172A may be a new tumor suppressor gene, which has a specific role in cell cycle control and cell proliferation, but the specific mechanism of action has not been explained in this study and needs further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Min Xu
- Department of Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Kashgar, Kashi, Kashi 844000, China
| | - Chuan-Jiang He
- Department of Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Kashgar, Kashi, Kashi 844000, China
| | - Zureguli Tuerxun
- Department of Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Kashgar, Kashi, Kashi 844000, China
| | - Abuduaini Anikezi
- Department of Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Kashgar, Kashi, Kashi 844000, China
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