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Lyu S, Abidin ZZ, Yaw TCS, Resul MFMG. Synthesis of surface-modified porous polysulfides from soybean oil by inverse vulcanization and its sorption behavior for Pb(II), Cu(II), and Cr(III). Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:29264-29279. [PMID: 38573576 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33152-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Guided by efficient utilization of natural plant oil and sulfur as low-cost sorbents, it is desired to tailor the porosity and composition of polysulfides to achieve their optimal applications in the management of aquatic heavy metal pollution. In this study, polysulfides derived from soybean oil and sulfur (PSSs) with improved porosity (10.2-22.9 m2/g) and surface oxygen content (3.1-7.0 wt.%) were prepared with respect to reaction time of 60 min, reaction temperature of 170 °C, and mass ratios of sulfur/soybean oil/NaCl/sodium citrate of 1:1:3:2. The sorption behaviors of PSSs under various hydrochemical conditions such as contact time, pH, ionic strength, coexisting cations and anions, temperature were systematically investigated. PSSs presented a fast sorption kinetic (5.0 h) and obviously improved maximum sorption capacities for Pb(II) (180.5 mg/g), Cu(II) (49.4 mg/g), and Cr(III) (37.0 mg/g) at pH 5.0 and T 298 K, in comparison with polymers made without NaCl/sodium citrate. This study provided a valuable reference for the facile preparation of functional polysulfides as well as a meaningful option for the removal of aquatic heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Lyu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Zurina Zainal Abidin
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Malaysia.
| | - Thomas Choong Shean Yaw
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Faiz Mukhtar Gunam Resul
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Malaysia
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Lyu S, Abidin ZZ, Yaw TCS, Resul MFMG. Inverse vulcanization induced oxygen modified porous polysulfides for efficient sorption of heavy metals. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:16940-16957. [PMID: 38326685 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32323-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The applications of polysulfides derived from natural plant oil and sulfur via the inverse vulcanization in the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solutions suffered from their low porosity and scarce surface functionality because of their hydrophobic surfaces and bulk characteristics. In this study, polysulfides from sulfur and palm oil (PSPs) with significantly enhanced porosity (13.7-24.1 m2/g) and surface oxygen-containing functional groups (6.9-8.6 wt.%) were synthesized with the optimization of process conditions including reaction time, temperature, and mass ratios of sulfur/palm oil/NaCl/sodium citrate. PSPs were applied as sorbents to remove heavy metals present in aqueous solutions. The integration of porosity and oxygen modification allowed a fast kinetic (4.0 h) and enhanced maximum sorption capacities for Pb(II) (218.5 mg/g), Cu(II) (74.8 mg/g), and Cr(III) (68.4 mg/g) at pH 5.0 and T 298 K comparing with polysulfides made without NaCl/sodium citrate. The sorption behaviors of Pb(II), Cu(II), and Cr(III) on PSPs were highly dependent on the solution pH values and ionic strength. The sorption presented excellent anti-interference capability for the coexisting cations and anions. The sorption processes were endothermic and spontaneous. This work would guide the preparation of porous polysulfides with surface modification as efficient sorbents to remediate heavy metals from aqueous solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Lyu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Zurina Zainal Abidin
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Malaysia.
| | - Thomas Choong Shean Yaw
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Faiz Mukhtar Gunam Resul
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Malaysia
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Harun NH, Zainal Abidin Z, Majid UA, Abdul Hamid MR, Abdullah AH, Othaman R, Harun MY. Adopting Sustainable Jatropha Oil Bio-Based Polymer Membranes as Alternatives for Environmental Remediation. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14163325. [PMID: 36015582 PMCID: PMC9416055 DOI: 10.3390/polym14163325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to optimize the removal of Cu(II) ions from an aqueous solution using a Jatropha oil bio-based membrane blended with 0.50 wt% graphene oxide (JPU/GO 0.50 wt%) using a central composite model (CCD) design using response surface methodology. The input factors were the feed concentration (60–140) ppm, pressure (1.5–2.5) bar, and solution pH value (3–5). An optimum Cu(II) ions removal of 87% was predicted at 116 ppm feed concentration, 1.5 bar pressure, and pH 3.7, while the validated experimental result recorded 80% Cu(II) ions removal, with 95% of prediction intervals. A statistically non-significant term was removed from the analysis by the backward elimination method to improve the model’s accuracy. Using the reduction method, the predicted R2 value was increased from −0.16 (−16%) to 0.88 (88%), suggesting that the reduced model had a good predictive ability. The quadratic regression model was significant (R2 = 0.98) for the optimization prediction. Therefore, the results from the reduction model implied acceptable membrane performance, offering a better process optimization for Cu(II) ions removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Haninah Harun
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Zurina Zainal Abidin
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
- Correspondence:
| | - Umar Adam Majid
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Rezi Abdul Hamid
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Halim Abdullah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Rizafizah Othaman
- Department of Chemical Science and Food Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Yusof Harun
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
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Halim NAA, Abidin ZZ, Siajam SI, Hean CG, Harun MR. Optimization studies and compositional analysis of subcritical water extraction of essential oil from Citrus hystrix DC. leaves. J Supercrit Fluids 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2021.105384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Zentou H, Zainal Abidin Z, Yunus R, Awang Biak DR, Abdullah Issa M, Yahaya Pudza M. A New Model of Alcoholic Fermentation under a Byproduct Inhibitory Effect. ACS Omega 2021; 6:4137-4146. [PMID: 33644536 PMCID: PMC7906595 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c04025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite the advantages of continuous fermentation whereby ethanol is selectively removed from the fermenting broth to reduce the end-product inhibition, this process can concentrate minor secondary products to the point where they become toxic to the yeast. This study aims to develop a new mathematical model do describe the inhibitory effect of byproducts on alcoholic fermentation including glycerol, lactic acid, acetic acid, and succinic acid, which were reported as major byproducts during batch alcoholic fermentation. The accumulation of these byproducts during the different stages of batch fermentation has been quantified. The yields of total byproducts, glycerol, acetic acid, and succinic acid per gram of glucose were 0.0442, 0.023, 0.0155, and 0.0054, respectively. It was found that the concentration of these byproducts linearly increases with the increase in glucose concentration in the range of 25-250 g/L. The results have also showed that byproduct concentration has a significant inhibitory effect on specific growth coefficient (μ) whereas no effect was observed on the half-velocity constant (K s). A new mathematical model of alcoholic fermentation was developed considering the byproduct inhibitory effect, which showed a good performance and more accuracy compared to the classical Monod model.
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Zentou H, Abidin ZZ, Yunus R, Biak DRA, Issa MA. Optimization and modeling of the performance of polydimethylsiloxane for pervaporation of ethanol−water mixture. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Zentou
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang Malaysia
| | - Zurina Zainal Abidin
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang Malaysia
| | - Robiah Yunus
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang Malaysia
| | | | - Mohammed Abdullah Issa
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang Malaysia
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Idrus NF, Yunus R, Zainal Abidin Z, Rashid U, Abd Rahman N. High Oleic Pentaerythritol Tetraester Formation via Transesterification: Effect of Reaction Conditions. Indones J Chem 2020; 20:887. [DOI: 10.22146/ijc.47891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Pentaerythritol tetraoleate esters synthesized from high oleic palm oil methyl ester (POME) have potential as biolubricant base stock. In the present study, the chemical transesterification of POME and pentaerythritol (PE) using sodium methoxide as a catalyst was conducted under vacuum. The effect of operating variables such as reaction temperature, catalyst concentration, the molar ratio of POME to PE, vacuum pressure, and stirring rate on the yield of PE tetraoleate was examined. The ideal conditions for the reaction were at a temperature of 160 °C, 1.25% (w/w) catalyst concentration, the molar ratio of POME to PE at 4.5:1, vacuum pressure at 10 mbar, and stirring speed at 900 rpm. PE tetraoleate with a yield of 36% (w/w), was successfully synthesized under this condition within 2 h of reaction time.
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Kamarudin N, Awang Biak DR, Zainal Abidin Z, Cardona F, Sapuan SM. Rheological Study of Phenol Formaldehyde Resole Resin Synthesized for Laminate Application. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:ma13112578. [PMID: 32516968 PMCID: PMC7321620 DOI: 10.3390/ma13112578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Heat explosions are sometimes observed during the synthesis of phenol formaldehyde (PF) resin. This scenario can be attributed to the high latent heat that was released and not dissipated leading to the occurrence of a runaway reaction. The synthesis temperature and time played important roles in controlling the heat release, hence preventing the resin from hardening during the synthesis process. This study aims to assess the rheological and viscoelasticity behaviors of the PF resin prepared using paraformaldehyde. The prepared PF resin was designed for laminate applications. The rheological behavior of the PF resin was assessed based on the different molar ratios of phenol to paraformaldehyde (P:F) mixed in the formulation. The molar ratios were set at 1.00:1.25, 1.00:1.50 and 1.00:1.75 of P to F, respectively. The rheological study was focused at specific synthesis temperatures, namely 40, 60, 80 and 100 °C. The synthesis time was observed for 240 min; changes in physical structure and viscosity of the PF resins were noted. It was observed that the viscosity values of the PF resins prepared were directly proportional to the synthesis temperature and the formaldehyde content. The PF resin also exhibited shear thickening behavior for all samples synthesized at 60 °C and above. For all PF resin samples synthesized at 60 °C and above, their viscoelasticity results indicated that the storage modulus (G′), loss modulus(G″) and tan δ are proportionally dependent on both the synthesis temperature and the formaldehyde content. Heat explosions were observed during the synthesis of PF resin at the synthesis temperature of 100 °C. This scenario can lead to possible runaway reaction which can also compromise the safety of the operators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuruldiyanah Kamarudin
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.K.); (Z.Z.A.)
| | - Dayang Radiah Awang Biak
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.K.); (Z.Z.A.)
- Institute of Advance Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia
- Safety Engineering Interest Group, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia
- Correspondence:
| | - Zurina Zainal Abidin
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.K.); (Z.Z.A.)
| | - Francisco Cardona
- Aerospace Manufacturing Research Centre (AMRC), Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Salit Mohd Sapuan
- Advanced Engineering Materials and Composites Research Centre, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia;
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Abdulsalam M, Man HC, Abidin ZZ, Yunos KF, Idris AI. Decolorization of Palm Oil Mill Effluent by Klebsiella Pneumonia ABZ11: Remediation Efficacy and Statistical Optimization of Treatment Conditions. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:675. [PMID: 32477278 PMCID: PMC7237724 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorants contained in palm oil mill effluent (POME) are recalcitrant and carcinogenic in nature. The commonly applied ponding treatment methods have been reported inefficient for remediating the concentration of the colorants before discharge. The need for sustainable and efficient treatment technique is crucial in order to preserve the environment. In this view, this study reported the first attempt to decolorize POME using a proliferate Klebsiella Pneumonia ABZ11 at varied inoculum sizes of 5–25% (v/v), initial color concentration (650–2,600 ADMI) and treatment time of 5-40 h. The treatment conditions were optimized using Response Surface Methodology. At optimal conditions of 20% (v/v) inoculum size, initial-color concentration of 2,600 ADMI, initial pH of 7 and 35 h treatment retention time, over 80.40% color removal was achieved with insignificant disparity compared with the model predicted value of 81.538%. Also, the Monod model excellently described the decolorization kinetic process with 0.9214 coefficient of correlation (R2), and the calculated maximum growth μmax) and half-saturation constant (Ks) were 7.023 d–1 and 340.569 ADMI d–1, respectively. This study revealed that the Klebsiella Pneumonia ABZ11 was highly prolific and such feature may favor a synergistic biodegradation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Abdulsalam
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia.,Department of Agricultural and Bio-Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Hasfalina Che Man
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Zurina Zainal Abidin
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Khairul Faezah Yunos
- Department of Food and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Aida Isma Idris
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Segi University, Kota Damansara, Malaysia
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Pudza MY, Abidin ZZ, Abdul-Rashid S, Yasin FM, Noor ASM, Abdullah J. Selective and simultaneous detection of cadmium, lead and copper by tapioca-derived carbon dot-modified electrode. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:13315-13324. [PMID: 32020456 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-07695-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The need for the sensing of environmental pollutants cannot be overemphasized in the twenty-first century. Herein, a sensor has been developed for the sensitive and selective detection of copper (Cu2+), lead (Pb2+) and cadmium (Cd2+) as major heavy metals polluting water environment. A screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) modified by fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was successfully fabricated for sensing Cu2+, Pb2+ and Cd2+. Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) were deployed for the analysis of ternary analytes. CV was set at a potential range of - 0.8 to + 0.2 V at a scan rate of 100 mV/s, and DPV at a potential range of - 0.8 to + 0.1 V, scan rate of 50 mV/s, pulse rate of 0.2 V and pulse width of 50 ms. DPV technique was applied through the modified electrode for sensitive and selective determination of Cu2+, Pb2+ and Cd2+ at a concentration range of 0.01 to 0.27 ppm for Cu2+, Pb2+ and Cd2+. Tolerance for the highest possible concentration of foreign substances such as Mg2+, K+, Na+, NO3-, and SO42- was observed with a relative error less than ± 3%. The sensitivity of the modified electrode was at 0.17, 0.42 and 0.18 ppm for Cd2+, Pb2+ and Cu2+, respectively, while the limits of detection (LOD) achieved for cadmium, lead and copper were 0.0028, 0.0042 and 0.014 ppm, respectively. The quality of the modified electrode for sensing Cu2+, Pb2+ and Cd2+ at trace levels is in accordance with the World Health Organization (WHO) and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) water regulation standard. The modified SPCE provides a cost-effective, dependable and stable means of detecting heavy metal ions (Cu2+, Pb2+ and Cd2+) in an aqueous solution. Graphical abstract .
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Affiliation(s)
- Musa Yahaya Pudza
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zurina Zainal Abidin
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Suraya Abdul-Rashid
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Faizah Md Yasin
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Shukri Muhammad Noor
- Department of Computer and Communication Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jaafar Abdullah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Abdulsalam M, Che Man H, Goh PS, Yunos KF, Zainal Abidin Z, Isma M.I. A, Ismail AF. Permeability and Antifouling Augmentation of a Hybrid PVDF-PEG Membrane Using Nano-Magnesium Oxide as a Powerful Mediator for POME Decolorization. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E549. [PMID: 32138186 PMCID: PMC7182951 DOI: 10.3390/polym12030549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study focused on developing a hydrophilic hybrid polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)-polyethylene glycol (PEG) hollow membrane by incorporating Nano-magnesium oxide (NMO) as a potent antifouling mediator. The Nano-hybrid hollow fibers with varied loading of NMO (0 g; 0.25 g; 0.50 g; 0.75 g and 1.25 g) were spun through phase inversion technique. The resultants Nano-hybrid fibers were characterized and compared based on SEM, EDX, contact angle, surface zeta-potential, permeability flux, fouling resistance and color rejection from palm oil mill effluent (POME). Noticeably, the permeability flux, fouling resistance and color rejection improved with the increase in NMO loading. PVDF-PEG with 0.50 g-NMO loading displayed an outstanding performance with 198.35 L/m2·h, 61.33 L/m2·h and 74.65% of water flux, POME flux and color rejection from POME, respectively. More so, a remarkable fouling resistance were obtained such that the flux recovery, reversible fouling percentage and irreversible fouling percentage remains relatively steady at 90.98%, 61.39% and 7.68%, respectively, even after 3 cycles of continuous filtrations for a total period of 9 h. However, at excess loading of 0.75 and 1.25 g-NMO, deterioration in the flux and fouling resistance was observed. This was due to the agglomeration of nanoparticles within the matrix structure at the excessive loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Abdulsalam
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Department of Agricultural and Bioresources, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria 810107, Nigeria
| | - Hasfalina Che Man
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Pei Sean Goh
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), School and Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia; (P.S.G.); (A.F.I.)
| | - Khairul Faezah Yunos
- Departments of Food and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Zurina Zainal Abidin
- Departments of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Aida Isma M.I.
- Departments of Chemical Engineering, Segi University, Kota Damansara Selangor 47810, Malaysia;
| | - Ahmad Fauzi Ismail
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), School and Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia; (P.S.G.); (A.F.I.)
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Yahaya Pudza M, Zainal Abidin Z, Abdul Rashid S, Md Yasin F, Noor ASM, Issa MA. Eco-Friendly Sustainable Fluorescent Carbon Dots for the Adsorption of Heavy Metal Ions in Aqueous Environment. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2020; 10:E315. [PMID: 32059384 PMCID: PMC7075143 DOI: 10.3390/nano10020315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The materials and substances required for sustainable water treatment by adsorption technique, are still being researched widely by distinguished classes of researchers. Thus, the need to synthesize substances that can effectively clean up pollutants from the environment cannot be overemphasized. So far, materials in bulk forms that are rich in carbon, such as biochar and varieties of activated carbon have been used for various adsorptive purposes. The use of bulk materials for such purposes are not efficient due to minimal surface areas available for adsorption. This study explores the adsorption task at nano dimension using carbon dots (CDs) from tapioca. The properties of carbon structure and its influence on the adsorptive efficacy of carbon nanoparticles were investigated by energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HrTEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The results implied carbon present in CDs are good adsorbents for effective adsorption of heavy metal ions (lead) with removal efficiency of 80.6% in aqueous environment. The adsorption process as explored by both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms have proven favorability of the adsorption process. Langmuir form two and three have correlation coefficients R2 at 0.9922 and 0.9912, respectively. The Freundlich isotherm confirms CDs as having defined surface heterogeneity and the exponential distribution of active sites. The adsorption of lead unto CDs obeyed the second order kinetic model with coefficient of determination, R2 of 0.9668 and 0.9996 at an initial lead concentration of 20 mg/L and 100 mg/L, respectively. The findings validated the efficiency of CDs derived from tapioca as an excellent material for further utilization in the environmental fields of wastewater pollution detection and clean up, bio-imaging, and chemical sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musa Yahaya Pudza
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (S.A.R.); (F.M.Y.); (M.A.I.)
| | - Zurina Zainal Abidin
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (S.A.R.); (F.M.Y.); (M.A.I.)
| | - Suraya Abdul Rashid
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (S.A.R.); (F.M.Y.); (M.A.I.)
| | - Faizah Md Yasin
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (S.A.R.); (F.M.Y.); (M.A.I.)
| | - A. S. M. Noor
- Department of Computer and Communication System Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Mohammed A. Issa
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (S.A.R.); (F.M.Y.); (M.A.I.)
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Abdullah Issa M, Abidin ZZ, Sobri S, Abdul-Rashid S, Mahdi MA, Ibrahim NA, Pudza MY. Fabrication, characterization and response surface method optimization for quantum efficiency of fluorescent nitrogen-doped carbon dots obtained from carboxymethylcellulose of oil palms empty fruit bunch. Chin J Chem Eng 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Kamuri MF, Zainal Abidin Z, Yaacob MH, Hamidon MN, Md Yunus NA, Kamarudin S. Separation and Detection of Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Using a Microfluidic Device Integrated with an Optical Fibre. Biosensors (Basel) 2019; 9:E40. [PMID: 30875829 PMCID: PMC6468503 DOI: 10.3390/bios9010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the development of an integrated system using a dry film resistant (DFR) microfluidic channel consisting of pulsed field dielectrophoretic field-flow-fractionation (DEP-FFF) separation and optical detection. The prototype chip employs the pulse DEP-FFF concept to separate the cells (Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae) from a continuous flow, and the rate of release of the cells was measured. The separation experiments were conducted by changing the pulsing time over a pulsing time range of 2⁻24 s and a flow rate range of 1.2⁻9.6 μ L min - 1 . The frequency and voltage were set to a constant value of 1 M Hz and 14 V pk-pk, respectively. After cell sorting, the particles pass the optical fibre, and the incident light is scattered (or absorbed), thus, reducing the intensity of the transmitted light. The change in light level is measured by a spectrophotometer and recorded as an absorbance spectrum. The results revealed that, generally, the flow rate and pulsing time influenced the separation of E. coli and S. cerevisiae. It was found that E. coli had the highest rate of release, followed by S. cerevisiae. In this investigation, the developed integrated chip-in-a lab has enabled two microorganisms of different cell dielectric properties and particle size to be separated and subsequently detected using unique optical properties. Optimum separation between these two microorganisms could be obtained using a longer pulsing time of 12 s and a faster flow rate of 9.6 μ L min - 1 at a constant frequency, voltage, and a low conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Firdaus Kamuri
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, Selangor 43400, Malaysia.
| | - Zurina Zainal Abidin
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, Selangor 43400, Malaysia.
| | - Mohd Hanif Yaacob
- Department of Computer and Communications Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, Selangor 43400, Malaysia.
| | - Mohd Nizar Hamidon
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, Selangor 43400, Malaysia.
| | - Nurul Amziah Md Yunus
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, Selangor 43400, Malaysia.
| | - Suryani Kamarudin
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, Selangor 43400, Malaysia.
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Ahmad Daud N, Chieng BW, Ibrahim NA, Talib ZA, Muhamad EN, Abidin ZZ. Functionalizing Graphene Oxide with Alkylamine by Gamma-ray Irradiation Method. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2017; 7:nano7060135. [PMID: 28587213 PMCID: PMC5485782 DOI: 10.3390/nano7060135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A gamma-ray irradiation technique was used to functionalize graphene oxide (GO) with alkylamines of various alkyl chain lengths. Functionalization of the alkyl chains onto the GO was confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). FTIR of the functionalized GO showed the appearance of significant peaks around 2960–2850 cm−1 (–CH2) which came from long alkyl chains, together with a peak around 1560–1450 cm−1, indicating the formation of C–NH–C. XRD showed an additional diffraction peak at a lower 2θ angle, indicating that the intercalation of the alkylamine was successful. The effects on the morphological and thermal properties of GO functionalized with alkyl chains of various lengths were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed an increase in surface roughness when the alkyl chain length was increased. The addition of alkyl chains on GO surfaces significantly improved the thermal stability of the GO, suggesting that these surfaces have great potential for use as a hydrophobic material in industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noraniza Ahmad Daud
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Buong Woei Chieng
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Materials Processing and Technology Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Nor Azowa Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Materials Processing and Technology Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Zainal Abidin Talib
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Ernee Noryana Muhamad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Zurina Zainal Abidin
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Samadi M, Abidin ZZ, Yunus R, Awang Biak DR, Yoshida H, Lok EH. Assessing the kinetic model of hydro-distillation and chemical composition of Aquilaria malaccensis leaves essential oil. Chin J Chem Eng 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Sivaraj L, Md Yunus NA, Mohtar MN, Abd Aziz S, Abidin ZZ, Saripan MI, Rokhani FZ. Portable biosensor for chronic malaria detection. 2016 17th International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design (ISQED) 2016. [DOI: 10.1109/isqed.2016.7479208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Zainal Abidin Z, Omar FN, Biak DRA, Man YC. Alternative for Rapid Detection and Screening of Pork, Chicken, and Beef Using Dielectric Properties in the Frequency of 0.5 to 50 GHz. International Journal of Food Properties 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2015.1058274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Abstract
AIM To determine the correlation and agreement between Hertel exophthalmometry and computed tomography (CT) of the orbits in measuring proptosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS 80 patients (40 normal and 40 with proptosis) were recruited for this study. Exophthalmometry were performed on all of them using the Hertel exophthalmometer and CT. Values and correlations between the modalities were analysed with unpaired t-tests, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), and Pearson correlation coefficients (PCC). The Bland-Altman method was used to analyse the agreement between the two modalities. RESULTS Hertel exophthalmometer and CT measurements did not differ significantly (p > 0.05), although exophthalmometry measurements of the normal (14.5 ± 2.2 mm) and proptosis groups (20.5 ± 3.9 mm) were higher than those obtained from CT (13.9 ± 2.4 mm and 20.0 ± 3.7 mm, respectively). ICC for both the Hertel exophthalmometer and CT measurements were both 0.99, indicating high intra-observer reliability and reproducibility. PCC between Hertel exophthalmometer and CT measurements in both normal and proptosis groups were strongly correlated (r = 0.96 and 0.93, respectively, p = 0.01). The 95% limits of agreement (LOA) between Hertel exophthalmometer and CT measurements for the normal and proptosis groups were -0.70 to 1.78 mm and -2.36 to 3.33 mm, respectively. CONCLUSION Although Hertel exophthalmometer and CT measurements are similar and strongly correlated, they do not agree well with each other in the presence of proptosis. The measurements should not be used interchangeably as the differences between them may lead to errors in clinical interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norlina Ramli
- a Department of Ophthalmology , University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia and
| | - Shanmugam Kala
- a Department of Ophthalmology , University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia and
| | - Amir Samsudin
- a Department of Ophthalmology , University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia and
| | - Kartini Rahmat
- b Department of Biomedical Imaging , University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Zurina Zainal Abidin
- a Department of Ophthalmology , University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia and
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Fakhru'l-Razi A, Peyda M, Ab Karim Ghani WAW, Abidin ZZ, Zakaria MP, Moeini H. Modeling of crude oil biodegradation using two phase partitioning bioreactor. Biotechnol Prog 2014; 30:797-805. [PMID: 24692323 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.1911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2013] [Revised: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In this work, crude oil biodegradation has been optimized in a solid-liquid two phase partitioning bioreactor (TPPB) by applying a response surface methodology based d-optimal design. Three key factors including phase ratio, substrate concentration in solid organic phase, and sodium chloride concentration in aqueous phase were taken as independent variables, while the efficiency of the biodegradation of absorbed crude oil on polymer beads was considered to be the dependent variable. Commercial thermoplastic polyurethane (Desmopan®) was used as the solid phase in the TPPB. The designed experiments were carried out batch wise using a mixed acclimatized bacterial consortium. Optimum combinations of key factors with a statistically significant cubic model were used to maximize biodegradation in the TPPB. The validity of the model was successfully verified by the good agreement between the model-predicted and experimental results. When applying the optimum parameters, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry showed a significant reduction in n-alkanes and low molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. This consequently highlights the practical applicability of TPPB in crude oil biodegradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Fakhru'l-Razi
- Dept. of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Darul Ehsan, 43400, Malaysia
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Abdul Habib NSH, Yunus R, Rashid U, Taufiq-Yap YH, Abidin ZZ, Syam AM, Irawan S. Transesterification Reaction for Synthesis of Palm^|^ndash;based Ethylhexyl Ester and Formulation as Base Oil for Synthetic Drilling Fluid. J Oleo Sci 2014; 63:497-506. [DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess13220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepidar Sayyar
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering; Faculty of Engineering; 43400; Serdang; Selangor; Malaysia
| | | | - Robiah Yunus
- Institute of Advanced Technology; UPM; 43400; Serdang; Selangor; Malaysia
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Pendashteh AR, Fakhru'l-Razi A, Chaibakhsh N, Abdullah LC, Madaeni SS, Abidin ZZ. Modeling of membrane bioreactor treating hypersaline oily wastewater by artificial neural network. J Hazard Mater 2011; 192:568-575. [PMID: 21676540 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2010] [Revised: 05/13/2011] [Accepted: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A membrane sequencing batch reactor (MSBR) treating hypersaline oily wastewater was modeled by artificial neural network (ANN). The MSBR operated at different total dissolved solids (TDSs) (35,000; 50,000; 100,000; 150,000; 200,000; 250,000mg/L), various organic loading rates (OLRs) (0.281, 0.563, 1.124, 2.248, and 3.372kg COD/(m(3)day)) and cyclic time (12, 24, and 48h). A feed-forward neural network trained by batch back propagation algorithm was employed to model the MSBR. A set of 193 operational data from the wastewater treatment with the MSBR was used to train the network. The training, validating and testing procedures for the effluent COD, total organic carbon (TOC) and oil and grease (O&G) concentrations were successful and a good correlation was observed between the measured and predicted values. The results showed that at OLR of 2.44kg COD/(m(3)day), TDS of 78,000mg/L and reaction time (RT) of 40h, the average removal rate of COD was 98%. In these conditions, the average effluent COD concentration was less than 100mg/L and met the discharge limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Reza Pendashteh
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor D.E., Malaysia
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Fakhru'l-Razi A, Pendashteh A, Abidin ZZ, Abdullah LC, Biak DRA, Madaeni SS. Application of membrane-coupled sequencing batch reactor for oilfield produced water recycle and beneficial re-use. Bioresour Technol 2010; 101:6942-6949. [PMID: 20434905 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2010] [Revised: 04/01/2010] [Accepted: 04/07/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Oil and gas field wastewater or produced water is a significant waste stream in the oil and gas industries. In this study, the performance of a membrane sequencing batch reactor (MSBR) and membrane sequencing batch reactor/reverse osmosis (MSBR/RO) process treating produced wastewater were investigated and compared. The MSBR was operated in different hydraulic residence time (HRT) of 8, 20 and 44 h. Operation results showed that for a HRT of 20 h, the combined process effluent chemical oxygen demand (COD), total organic carbon (TOC) and oil and grease (O&G) removal efficiencies were 90.9%, 92% and 91.5%, respectively. The MSBR effluent concentration levels met the required standard for oil well re-injection. The RO treatment reduced the salt and organic contents to acceptable levels for irrigation and different industrial re-use. Foulant biopsy demonstrated that the fouling on the membrane surface was mainly due to inorganic (salts) and organic (microorganisms and their products, hydrocarbon constituents) matters.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Fakhru'l-Razi
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, 43400 Selangor DE, Malaysia.
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Fakhru'l-Razi A, Pendashteh A, Abdullah LC, Biak DRA, Madaeni SS, Abidin ZZ. Review of technologies for oil and gas produced water treatment. J Hazard Mater 2009; 170:530-51. [PMID: 19505758 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 664] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2009] [Revised: 05/10/2009] [Accepted: 05/12/2009] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Produced water is the largest waste stream generated in oil and gas industries. It is a mixture of different organic and inorganic compounds. Due to the increasing volume of waste all over the world in the current decade, the outcome and effect of discharging produced water on the environment has lately become a significant issue of environmental concern. Produced water is conventionally treated through different physical, chemical, and biological methods. In offshore platforms because of space constraints, compact physical and chemical systems are used. However, current technologies cannot remove small-suspended oil particles and dissolved elements. Besides, many chemical treatments, whose initial and/or running cost are high and produce hazardous sludge. In onshore facilities, biological pretreatment of oily wastewater can be a cost-effective and environmental friendly method. As high salt concentration and variations of influent characteristics have direct influence on the turbidity of the effluent, it is appropriate to incorporate a physical treatment, e.g., membrane to refine the final effluent. For these reasons, major research efforts in the future could focus on the optimization of current technologies and use of combined physico-chemical and/or biological treatment of produced water in order to comply with reuse and discharge limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmadun Fakhru'l-Razi
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia.
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