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Jabbour Y, Hakim MS, Al-Yossef A, Saleh MM, Shaaban ASAD, Kabbaj H, Zaïm M, Kleinerman C, Bassi FM. Genomic regions involved in the control of 1,000-kernel weight in wild relative-derived populations of durum wheat. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1297131. [PMID: 38098797 PMCID: PMC10720367 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1297131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Terminal drought is one of the most common and devastating climatic stress factors affecting durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) production worldwide. The wild relatives of this crop are deemed a vast potential source of useful alleles to adapt to this stress. A nested association mapping (NAM) panel was generated using as a recurrent parent the Moroccan variety 'Nachit' derived from Triticum dicoccoides and known for its large grain size. This was recombined to three top-performing lines derived from T. dicoccoides, T. araraticum, and Aegilops speltoides, for a total of 426 inbred progenies. This NAM was evaluated across eight environments (Syria, Lebanon, and Morocco) experiencing different degrees of terminal moisture stress over two crop seasons. Our results showed that drought stress caused on average 41% loss in yield and that 1,000-kernel weight (TKW) was the most important trait for adaptation to it. Genotyping with the 25K TraitGenetics array resulted in a consensus map of 1,678 polymorphic SNPs, spanning 1,723 cM aligned to the reference 'Svevo' genome assembly. Kinship distinguished the progenies in three clades matching the parent of origin. A total of 18 stable quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were identified as controlling various traits but independent from flowering time. The most significant genomic regions were named Q.ICD.NAM-04, Q.ICD.NAM-14, and Q.ICD.NAM-16. Allelic investigation in a second germplasm panel confirmed that carrying the positive allele at all three loci produced an average TKW advantage of 25.6% when field-tested under drought conditions. The underlying SNPs were converted to Kompetitive Allele-Specific PCR (KASP) markers and successfully validated in a third germplasm set, where they explained up to 19% of phenotypic variation for TKW under moisture stress. These findings confirm the identification of critical loci for drought adaptation derived from wild relatives that can now be readily exploited via molecular breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaman Jabbour
- Field Crop Department, Faculty of Agriculture Engineering, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria
- General Commission for Scientific Agriculture Research (GCSAR), Field Crop Department, Aleppo, Syria
| | - Mohammad Shafik Hakim
- Field Crop Department, Faculty of Agriculture Engineering, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria
| | - Abdallah Al-Yossef
- General Commission for Scientific Agriculture Research (GCSAR), Field Crop Department, Aleppo, Syria
| | - Maysoun M. Saleh
- General Commission for Scientific Agriculture Research (GCSAR), Genetic Resources Department, Damascus, Syria
| | - Ahmad Shams Al-Dien Shaaban
- Biotechnology Engineering Department, Faculty of Technological Engineering, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria
| | - Hafssa Kabbaj
- International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, Biodiversity and Crop Improvement, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Meryem Zaïm
- International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, Biodiversity and Crop Improvement, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Charles Kleinerman
- International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, Biodiversity and Crop Improvement, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Filippo M. Bassi
- International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, Biodiversity and Crop Improvement, Rabat, Morocco
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