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Cattaneo I, Choblet S, Valgardsdottir R, Roth M, Massafra A, Beeg M, Gobbi M, Duonor-Cerutti M, Golay J. Development of a Bispecific IgG1 Antibody Targeting BCMA and PDL1. Antibodies (Basel) 2024; 13:15. [PMID: 38390876 PMCID: PMC10885062 DOI: 10.3390/antib13010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
We designed, produced, and purified a novel IgG1-like, bispecific antibody (bsAb) directed against B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA), expressed by multiple myeloma (MM) cells, and an immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI), PDL1, expressed in the MM microenvironment. The BCMA×PDL1 bsAb was fully characterized in vitro. BCMA×PDL1 bound specifically and simultaneously, with nM affinity, to both native membrane-bound antigens and to the recombinant soluble antigen fragments, as shown by immunophenotyping analyses and surface plasmon resonance (SPR), respectively. The binding affinity of bsAb for PDL1 and BCMA was similar to each other, but PDL1 affinity was about 10-fold lower in the bsAb compared to parent mAb, probably due to the steric hindrance associated with the more internal anti-PDL1 Fab. The bsAb was also able to functionally block both antigen targets with IC50 in the nM range. The bsAb Fc was functional, inducing human-complement-dependent cytotoxicity as well as ADCC by NK cells in 24 h killing assays. Finally, BCMA×PDL1 was effective in 7-day killing assays with peripheral blood mononuclear cells as effectors, inducing up to 75% of target MM cell line killing at a physiologically attainable, 6 nM, concentration. These data provide the necessary basis for future optimization and in vivo testing of this novel bsAb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Cattaneo
- Division of Hematology, Center of Cellular Therapy "G. Lanzani", Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Papa Giovanni XXIII, 24122 Bergamo, Italy
| | - Sylvie Choblet
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UAR3426 "Baculovirus et Therapie", 30380 Saint-Christol-Lez-Alès, France
| | - Rut Valgardsdottir
- Division of Hematology, Center of Cellular Therapy "G. Lanzani", Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Papa Giovanni XXIII, 24122 Bergamo, Italy
| | - Muriel Roth
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UAR3426 "Baculovirus et Therapie", 30380 Saint-Christol-Lez-Alès, France
| | - Annamaria Massafra
- Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri-IRCCS, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Marten Beeg
- Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri-IRCCS, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Gobbi
- Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri-IRCCS, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Martine Duonor-Cerutti
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UAR3426 "Baculovirus et Therapie", 30380 Saint-Christol-Lez-Alès, France
| | - Josée Golay
- Division of Hematology, Center of Cellular Therapy "G. Lanzani", Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Papa Giovanni XXIII, 24122 Bergamo, Italy
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Pagliaro L, Cerretani E, Vento F, Montanaro A, Moron Dalla Tor L, Simoncini E, Giaimo M, Gherli A, Zamponi R, Tartaglione I, Lorusso B, Scita M, Russo F, Sammarelli G, Todaro G, Silini EM, Rigolin GM, Quaini F, Cuneo A, Roti G. CAD204520 Targets NOTCH1 PEST Domain Mutations in Lymphoproliferative Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:766. [PMID: 38255842 PMCID: PMC10815907 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
NOTCH1 PEST domain mutations are often seen in hematopoietic malignancies, including T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL), mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). These mutations play a key role in the development and progression of lymphoproliferative tumors by increasing the Notch signaling and, consequently, promoting cell proliferation, survival, migration, and suppressing apoptosis. There is currently no specific treatment available for cancers caused by NOTCH1 PEST domain mutations. However, several NOTCH1 inhibitors are in development. Among these, inhibition of the Sarco-endoplasmic Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) showed a greater effect in NOTCH1-mutated tumors compared to the wild-type ones. One example is CAD204520, a benzimidazole derivative active in T-ALL cells harboring NOTCH1 mutations. In this study, we preclinically assessed the effect of CAD204520 in CLL and MCL models and showed that NOTCH1 PEST domain mutations sensitize cells to the anti-leukemic activity mediated by CAD204520. Additionally, we tested the potential of CAD204520 in combination with the current first-line treatment of CLL, venetoclax, and ibrutinib. CAD204520 enhanced the synergistic effect of this treatment regimen only in samples harboring the NOTCH1 PEST domain mutations, thus supporting a role for Notch inhibition in these tumors. In summary, our work provides strong support for the development of CAD204520 as a novel therapeutic approach also in chronic lymphoproliferative disorders carrying NOTCH1 PEST domain mutations, emerging as a promising molecule for combination treatment in this aggressive subset of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Pagliaro
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (L.P.); (A.M.); (L.M.D.T.); (E.S.); (M.G.); (A.G.); (R.Z.); (B.L.); (E.M.S.); (F.Q.)
- Translational Hematology and Chemogenomics (THEC), University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (E.C.); (F.V.); (I.T.)
- Hematology and BMT Unit, University Hospital of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (F.R.); (G.S.); (G.T.)
| | - Elisa Cerretani
- Translational Hematology and Chemogenomics (THEC), University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (E.C.); (F.V.); (I.T.)
- Department of Medical Science, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.S.); (G.M.R.); (A.C.)
| | - Federica Vento
- Translational Hematology and Chemogenomics (THEC), University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (E.C.); (F.V.); (I.T.)
- Department of Medical Science, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.S.); (G.M.R.); (A.C.)
| | - Anna Montanaro
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (L.P.); (A.M.); (L.M.D.T.); (E.S.); (M.G.); (A.G.); (R.Z.); (B.L.); (E.M.S.); (F.Q.)
- Translational Hematology and Chemogenomics (THEC), University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (E.C.); (F.V.); (I.T.)
| | - Lucas Moron Dalla Tor
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (L.P.); (A.M.); (L.M.D.T.); (E.S.); (M.G.); (A.G.); (R.Z.); (B.L.); (E.M.S.); (F.Q.)
- Translational Hematology and Chemogenomics (THEC), University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (E.C.); (F.V.); (I.T.)
| | - Elisa Simoncini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (L.P.); (A.M.); (L.M.D.T.); (E.S.); (M.G.); (A.G.); (R.Z.); (B.L.); (E.M.S.); (F.Q.)
- Translational Hematology and Chemogenomics (THEC), University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (E.C.); (F.V.); (I.T.)
| | - Mariateresa Giaimo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (L.P.); (A.M.); (L.M.D.T.); (E.S.); (M.G.); (A.G.); (R.Z.); (B.L.); (E.M.S.); (F.Q.)
- Translational Hematology and Chemogenomics (THEC), University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (E.C.); (F.V.); (I.T.)
- Hematology and BMT Unit, University Hospital of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (F.R.); (G.S.); (G.T.)
| | - Andrea Gherli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (L.P.); (A.M.); (L.M.D.T.); (E.S.); (M.G.); (A.G.); (R.Z.); (B.L.); (E.M.S.); (F.Q.)
- Translational Hematology and Chemogenomics (THEC), University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (E.C.); (F.V.); (I.T.)
- Hematology and BMT Unit, University Hospital of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (F.R.); (G.S.); (G.T.)
| | - Raffaella Zamponi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (L.P.); (A.M.); (L.M.D.T.); (E.S.); (M.G.); (A.G.); (R.Z.); (B.L.); (E.M.S.); (F.Q.)
- Translational Hematology and Chemogenomics (THEC), University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (E.C.); (F.V.); (I.T.)
- Hematology and BMT Unit, University Hospital of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (F.R.); (G.S.); (G.T.)
| | - Isotta Tartaglione
- Translational Hematology and Chemogenomics (THEC), University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (E.C.); (F.V.); (I.T.)
| | - Bruno Lorusso
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (L.P.); (A.M.); (L.M.D.T.); (E.S.); (M.G.); (A.G.); (R.Z.); (B.L.); (E.M.S.); (F.Q.)
| | - Matteo Scita
- Department of Medical Science, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.S.); (G.M.R.); (A.C.)
| | - Filomena Russo
- Hematology and BMT Unit, University Hospital of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (F.R.); (G.S.); (G.T.)
| | - Gabriella Sammarelli
- Hematology and BMT Unit, University Hospital of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (F.R.); (G.S.); (G.T.)
| | - Giannalisa Todaro
- Hematology and BMT Unit, University Hospital of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (F.R.); (G.S.); (G.T.)
| | - Enrico Maria Silini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (L.P.); (A.M.); (L.M.D.T.); (E.S.); (M.G.); (A.G.); (R.Z.); (B.L.); (E.M.S.); (F.Q.)
| | - Gian Matteo Rigolin
- Department of Medical Science, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.S.); (G.M.R.); (A.C.)
- Hematology Unit, University Hospital of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Federico Quaini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (L.P.); (A.M.); (L.M.D.T.); (E.S.); (M.G.); (A.G.); (R.Z.); (B.L.); (E.M.S.); (F.Q.)
| | - Antonio Cuneo
- Department of Medical Science, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.S.); (G.M.R.); (A.C.)
- Hematology Unit, University Hospital of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giovanni Roti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (L.P.); (A.M.); (L.M.D.T.); (E.S.); (M.G.); (A.G.); (R.Z.); (B.L.); (E.M.S.); (F.Q.)
- Translational Hematology and Chemogenomics (THEC), University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (E.C.); (F.V.); (I.T.)
- Hematology and BMT Unit, University Hospital of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (F.R.); (G.S.); (G.T.)
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Maher N, Mouhssine S, Matti BF, Alwan AF, Gaidano G. Treatment Refractoriness in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: Old and New Molecular Biomarkers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10374. [PMID: 37373521 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common leukemia in adults. Despite its indolent clinical course, therapy refractoriness and disease progression still represent an unmet clinical need. Before the advent of pathway inhibitors, chemoimmunotherapy (CIT) was the commonest option for CLL treatment and is still widely used in areas with limited access to pathway inhibitors. Several biomarkers of refractoriness to CIT have been highlighted, including the unmutated status of immunoglobulin heavy chain variable genes and genetic lesions of TP53, BIRC3 and NOTCH1. In order to overcome resistance to CIT, targeted pathway inhibitors have become the standard of care for the treatment of CLL, with practice-changing results obtained through the inhibitors of Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) and BCL2. However, several acquired genetic lesions causing resistance to covalent and noncovalent BTK inhibitors have been reported, including point mutations of both BTK (e.g., C481S and L528W) and PLCG2 (e.g., R665W). Multiple mechanisms are involved in resistance to the BCL2 inhibitor venetoclax, including point mutations that impair drug binding, the upregulation of BCL2-related anti-apoptotic family members, and microenvironmental alterations. Recently, immune checkpoint inhibitors and CAR-T cells have been tested for CLL treatment, obtaining conflicting results. Potential refractoriness biomarkers to immunotherapy were identified, including abnormal levels of circulating IL-10 and IL-6 and the reduced presence of CD27+CD45RO- CD8+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawar Maher
- Division of Hematology, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Samir Mouhssine
- Division of Hematology, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Bassam Francis Matti
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Center, Baghdad 00964, Iraq
| | - Alaa Fadhil Alwan
- Department of Clinical Hematology, The National Center of Hematology, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad 10015, Iraq
| | - Gianluca Gaidano
- Division of Hematology, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, 28100 Novara, Italy
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Martello M, Solli V, Termini R, Kanapari A, Remondini D, Borsi E, Poletti A, Armuzzi S, Taurisano B, Vigliotta I, Mazzocchetti G, Zamagni E, Merlotti A, Tacchetti P, Pantani L, Rocchi S, Rizzello I, Mancuso K, Cavo M, Terragna C. Identification of a Maturation Plasma Cell Index through a Highly Sensitive Droplet Digital PCR Assay Gene Expression Signature Validation in Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12450. [PMID: 36293315 PMCID: PMC9604171 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
DNA microarrays and RNA-based sequencing approaches are considered important discovery tools in clinical medicine. However, cross-platform reproducibility studies undertaken so far have highlighted that microarrays are not able to accurately measure gene expression, particularly when they are expressed at low levels. Here, we consider the employment of a digital PCR assay (ddPCR) to validate a gene signature previously identified by gene expression profile. This signature included ten Hedgehog (HH) pathways' genes able to stratify multiple myeloma (MM) patients according to their self-renewal status. Results show that the designed assay is able to validate gene expression data, both in a retrospective as well as in a prospective cohort. In addition, the plasma cells' differentiation status determined by ddPCR was further confirmed by other techniques, such as flow cytometry, allowing the identification of patients with immature plasma cells' phenotype (i.e., expressing CD19+/CD81+ markers) upregulating HH genes, as compared to others, whose plasma cells lose the expression of these markers and were more differentiated. To our knowledge, this is the first technical report of gene expression data validation by ddPCR instead of classical qPCR. This approach permitted the identification of a Maturation Index through the integration of molecular and phenotypic data, able to possibly define upfront the differentiation status of MM patients that would be clinically relevant in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Martello
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Istituto di Ematologia “Seràgnoli”, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Vincenza Solli
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Istituto di Ematologia “Seràgnoli”, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Rosalinda Termini
- Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), CCUN, CIBER-ONC Numbers CB16/12/00369, CB16/12/00489, 31001 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ajsi Kanapari
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Istituto di Ematologia “Seràgnoli”, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniel Remondini
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, DIFA—University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Enrica Borsi
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Istituto di Ematologia “Seràgnoli”, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Poletti
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Istituto di Ematologia “Seràgnoli”, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Armuzzi
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Istituto di Ematologia “Seràgnoli”, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Barbara Taurisano
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Istituto di Ematologia “Seràgnoli”, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Ilaria Vigliotta
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Istituto di Ematologia “Seràgnoli”, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Gaia Mazzocchetti
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Istituto di Ematologia “Seràgnoli”, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Elena Zamagni
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Istituto di Ematologia “Seràgnoli”, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandra Merlotti
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, DIFA—University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Paola Tacchetti
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Istituto di Ematologia “Seràgnoli”, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Lucia Pantani
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Istituto di Ematologia “Seràgnoli”, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Serena Rocchi
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Istituto di Ematologia “Seràgnoli”, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Ilaria Rizzello
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Istituto di Ematologia “Seràgnoli”, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Katia Mancuso
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Istituto di Ematologia “Seràgnoli”, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Michele Cavo
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Istituto di Ematologia “Seràgnoli”, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Carolina Terragna
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Istituto di Ematologia “Seràgnoli”, 40138 Bologna, Italy
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