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Vetter S, Witt M, Hepp P, Schleichardt A, Schleifenbaum S, Roth C, Denecke T, Henkelmann J, Köhler HP. A 6-week randomized-controlled field study: effect of isokinetic eccentric resistance training on strength, flexibility and muscle structure of the shoulder external rotators in male junior handball players. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1368033. [PMID: 38516212 PMCID: PMC10955123 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1368033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Team handball involves a tremendous amount of shoulder motion with high forces during repeated extended external range of motion. This causes shoulder complaints and overuse injuries. While eccentric training for the lower extremity shows preventive effects by improving strength, range of motion and fascicle length, there is a research gap for the shoulder joint and for advanced tissue characterization using diffusion tensor imaging. Objectives: To investigate the effects of 6-week eccentric isokinetic resistance training on strength, flexibility, and fiber architecture characteristics of the external rotators compared to an active control group in junior male handball players. Methods: 15 subjects were randomly assigned to the eccentric training group and 14 subjects to the active control group (conventional preventive training). Primary outcome measures were eccentric and concentric isokinetic strength of the external rotators, range of motion, and muscle fascicle length and fascicle volume. Results: The intervention group, showed significant changes in eccentric strength (+15%). The supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles showed significant increases in fascicle length (+13% and +8%), and in fractional anisotropy (+9% and +6%), which were significantly different from the control group. Conclusion: Eccentric isokinetic training has a significant effect on the function and macroscopic structure of the shoulder external rotators in male junior handball players. While strength parameters and muscle structure improved, range of motion did not change. This research helps understanding the physiology of muscle and the role of eccentric training on shoulder function and muscle structure. Furthermore, DTI was found to be a promising tool for advanced tissue characterization, and the in vivo derived data can also serve as model input variables and as a possibility to extend existing ex-vivo muscle models. Future research is needed for functional and structural changes following convenient eccentric field exercises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Vetter
- Department of Biomechanics in Sports, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maren Witt
- Department of Biomechanics in Sports, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Pierre Hepp
- Department of Orthopaedics, Trauma and Plastic Surgery, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Axel Schleichardt
- Department of Biomechanics, Institute for Applied Training Science, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefan Schleifenbaum
- Department of Orthopaedics, Trauma and Plastic Surgery, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christian Roth
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Timm Denecke
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jeanette Henkelmann
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Köhler
- Department of Biomechanics in Sports, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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Edel A, Weis JL, Ferrauti A, Wiewelhove T. Training drills in high performance badminton-effects of interval duration on internal and external loads. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1189688. [PMID: 37457032 PMCID: PMC10348806 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1189688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The aim of the present study was to analyze the impact of interval duration on training loads and technical skill performance in high performance badminton drills. Methods: On three experimental days, 19 internationally ranked players (13 male: 22.7 ± 3.8 years, 180 ± 6 cm, 71.5 ± 6.1 kg; 6 females: 20.4 ± 2.5 years, 168 ± 4 cm, 59.8 ± 6.0 kg) completed one of three protocols (T10, T30, and T50) of a typical badminton specific drill, the so-called "Multifeeding" (the coach feeds shuttlecock without break in a random order) in a counterbalanced order. The protocols varied in interval duration (10, 30, and 50 s) but were matched for the rally-to-rest-ratio (1:1) and active playing time (600 s). Cardiorespiratory responses (portable spirometry, chest belt), energy metabolism (levels of blood lactate, La), rate of perceived exertion (RPE), player's kinematics (Local Positioning System), and technical skill performance (video analysis) were measured. Results: Average oxygen consumption (T10 45 ± 6; T30 46 ± 7; T50 44 ± 6 mL min-1·kg-1), Energy expenditure (886 ± 209; 919 ± 176; 870 ± 206 kcal h-1), heart rate (164 ± 13; 165 ± 11; 165 ± 10 bpm) and RPE (16 ± 2; 17 ± 2; 17 ± 2) did not differ between the protocols. Respiratory exchange ratio (RER) and La significantly increased depending on interval duration (RER: 0.90 ± 0.05; 0.93 ± 0.03; 0.96 ± 0.04 and La: 3.6 ± 2.0; 5.6 ± 3.0; 7.3 ± 2.3 mmol l-1). Stroke frequency (SF; 0.58 ± 0.05; 0.57 ± 0.05; 0.55 ± 0.06 strokes·s-1) was similar while distance covered, and average running velocity were significantly lower for T50 compared to T10 (76 ± 17; 70 ± 13; 65 ± 11 m min-1). Moreover, jump frequency in T30 was higher than in T10 (6.7 ± 3.1; 8.8 ± 3.8; 8.5 ± 4.2 jumps·min-1), whereas differences in internal and external loads were not associated with changes in stroke precision (errors: 16 ± 6; 19 ± 4; 18 ± 4%; accuracy: 22 ± 6; 24 ± 8; 23 ± 8%). Conclusion: Anaerobic metabolic stimulus increases while running distance and velocity decrease, in case of longer interval durations. Even though there was no impact on stroke precision, extending the intervals beyond 30 s might impair external training load and skill performance. Consequently, interval duration should be defined carefully depending on the training goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Edel
- Department for Training and Exercise Science, Faculty of Sports Science, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Jan-Luka Weis
- Department for Training and Exercise Science, Faculty of Sports Science, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Alexander Ferrauti
- Department for Training and Exercise Science, Faculty of Sports Science, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Thimo Wiewelhove
- Department of Fitness and Health, IST University of Applied Sciences, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Held S, Speer K, Rappelt L, Wicker P, Donath L. The effectiveness of traditional vs. velocity-based strength training on explosive and maximal strength performance: A network meta-analysis. Front Physiol 2022; 13:926972. [PMID: 36035476 PMCID: PMC9399433 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.926972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This network meta-analysis aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of different velocity-based (VBT) and traditional 1RM-based resistance training (TRT) interventions on strength and power indices in healthy participants. The research was conducted until December 2021 using the online electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science, PsycNet, and SPORTDiscus for studies with the following inclusion criteria: 1) controlled VBT trials, 2) strength and/or jump and/or sprint parameters as outcomes (c), participants aged between 18 and 40 years, and 4) peer-reviewed and published in English. Standardized mean differences (SMD) using a random effects models were calculated. Fourteen studies with 311 healthy participants were selected and 3 networks (strength, jump, and sprint) were achieved. VBT, TRT, repetitions in reserve (RIR), low velocity loss (lowVL), and high velocity loss (highVL) were ranked for each network. Based on P-score rankings, lowVL (P-score ≥ 0.59; SMD ≥ 0.33) and highVL (P-score ≥ 0.50; SMD ≥ 0.12) revealed favorable effects on strength, jump, and sprint performance compared to VBT (P-score ≤ 0.47; SMD ≤0.01), TRT (P-score ≤0.46; SMD ≤ 0.00), and RIR (P-score ≤ 0.46; SMD ≤ 0.12). In conclusion, lowVL and highVL showed notable effects on strength, jump, and sprint performance. In particular for jump performance, lowVL induced favorable improvements compared to all other resistance training approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Held
- Department of Intervention Research in Exercise Training, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kevin Speer
- Department of Intervention Research in Exercise Training, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ludwig Rappelt
- Department of Intervention Research in Exercise Training, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Pamela Wicker
- Department of Sports Science, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
- *Correspondence: Pamela Wicker,
| | - Lars Donath
- Department of Intervention Research in Exercise Training, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Niess AM, Widmann M, Gaidai R, Gölz C, Schubert I, Castillo K, Sachs JP, Bizjak D, Vollrath S, Wimbauer F, Vogel A, Keller K, Burgstahler C, Quermann A, Kerling A, Schneider G, Zacher J, Diebold K, Grummt M, Beckendorf C, Buitenhuis J, Egger F, Venhorst A, Morath O, Barsch F, Mellwig KP, Oesterschlink J, Wüstenfeld J, Predel HG, Deibert P, Friedmann-Bette B, Mayer F, Hirschmüller A, Halle M, Steinacker JM, Wolfarth B, Meyer T, Böttinger E, Flechtner-Mors M, Bloch W, Haller B, Roecker K, Reinsberger C. COVID-19 in German Competitive Sports: Protocol for a Prospective Multicenter Cohort Study (CoSmo-S). Int J Public Health 2022; 67:1604414. [PMID: 35197815 PMCID: PMC8859834 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2022.1604414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: It is unclear whether and to what extent COVID-19 infection poses health risks and a chronic impairment of performance in athletes. Identification of individual health risk is an important decision-making basis for managing the pandemic risk of infection with SARS-CoV-2 in sports and return to play (RTP).Methods: This study aims 1) to analyze the longitudinal rate of seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in German athletes, 2) to assess health-related consequences in athletes infected with SARS-CoV-2, and 3) to reveal effects of the COVID-19 pandemic in general and of a cleared SARS-CoV-2 infection on exercise performance. CoSmo-S is a prospective observational multicenter study establishing two cohorts: 1) athletes diagnosed positive for COVID-19 (cohort 1) and 2) federal squad athletes who perform their annual sports medical preparticipation screening (cohort 2). Comprehensive diagnostics including physical examination, laboratory blood analyses and blood biobanking, resting and exercise electrocardiogram (ECG), echocardiography, spirometry and exercise testing added by questionnaires are conducted at baseline and follow-up.Results and Conclusion: We expect that the results obtained, will allow us to formulate recommendations regarding RTP on a more evidence-based level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manuel Widmann
- Department of Sports Medicine, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Manuel Widmann,
| | - Roman Gaidai
- Department of Sports and Health, Institute of Sports Medicine, Paderborn University, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Christian Gölz
- Department of Sports and Health, Institute of Sports Medicine, Paderborn University, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Isabel Schubert
- Department of Sports Medicine, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katty Castillo
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jan Philipp Sachs
- Hasso Plattner Institute, Digital Health Center, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Daniel Bizjak
- Division of Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Shirin Vollrath
- Division of Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Fritz Wimbauer
- Department of Prevention and Sports Medicine, Center for Sports Cardiology/EAPC, School of Medicine, University Hospital “Klinikum Rechts der Isar”, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Azin Vogel
- Department of Prevention and Sports Medicine, Center for Sports Cardiology/EAPC, School of Medicine, University Hospital “Klinikum Rechts der Isar”, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Karsten Keller
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz (Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz), Mainz, Germany
- Medical Clinic VII, Department of Sports Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christof Burgstahler
- Department of Sports Medicine, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anne Quermann
- Medical Clinic VII, Department of Sports Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Arno Kerling
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gerald Schneider
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jonas Zacher
- Department I—Preventative and Rehabilitative Sports and Performance Medicine, Institute of Cardiology and Sports Medicine, German Sports University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Katharina Diebold
- Department I—Preventative and Rehabilitative Sports and Performance Medicine, Institute of Cardiology and Sports Medicine, German Sports University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Maximilian Grummt
- Department of Sports Medicine, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia Beckendorf
- Center of Sports Medicine, University Outpatient Clinic, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Florian Egger
- Institute for Sport and Preventive Medicine, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Andreas Venhorst
- Institute for Sport and Preventive Medicine, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Oliver Morath
- Institute for Exercise and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicince, Medical Center University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Friedrich Barsch
- Institute for Exercise and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicince, Medical Center University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Klaus-Peter Mellwig
- Clinic for General and Interventional Cardiology/Angiology, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum NRW, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Julian Oesterschlink
- Clinic for General and Interventional Cardiology/Angiology, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum NRW, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Jan Wüstenfeld
- Department of Sports Medicine, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Applied Training Science, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Predel
- Department I—Preventative and Rehabilitative Sports and Performance Medicine, Institute of Cardiology and Sports Medicine, German Sports University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Peter Deibert
- Institute for Exercise and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicince, Medical Center University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Birgit Friedmann-Bette
- Medical Clinic VII, Department of Sports Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Mayer
- Center of Sports Medicine, University Outpatient Clinic, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Anja Hirschmüller
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin Halle
- Department of Prevention and Sports Medicine, Center for Sports Cardiology/EAPC, School of Medicine, University Hospital “Klinikum Rechts der Isar”, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jürgen Michael Steinacker
- Division of Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Bernd Wolfarth
- Department of Sports Medicine, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Applied Training Science, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tim Meyer
- Institute for Sport and Preventive Medicine, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Erwin Böttinger
- Hasso Plattner Institute, Digital Health Center, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Marion Flechtner-Mors
- Division of Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Bloch
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany
| | - Bernhard Haller
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kai Roecker
- Institute for Applied Health Promotion and Exercise Medicine (IfAG), Furtwangen University, Furtwangen, Germany
| | - Claus Reinsberger
- Department of Sports and Health, Institute of Sports Medicine, Paderborn University, Paderborn, Germany
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