1
|
Valdiglesias V, Alba-González A, Fernández-Bertólez N, Touzani A, Ramos-Pan L, Reis AT, Moreda-Piñeiro J, Yáñez J, Laffon B, Folgueira M. Effects of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle Exposure on Human Glial Cells and Zebrafish Embryos. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12297. [PMID: 37569675 PMCID: PMC10418813 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are among the most widely used nanomaterials. They have multiple applications in cosmetics, textiles, paints, electronics and, recently, also in biomedicine. This extensive use of ZnO NPs notably increases the probability that both humans and wildlife are subjected to undesirable effects. Despite being among the most studied NPs from a toxicological point of view, much remains unknown about their ecotoxicological effects or how they may affect specific cell types, such as cells of the central nervous system. The main objective of this work was to investigate the effects of ZnO NPs on human glial cells and zebrafish embryo development and to explore the role of the released Zn2+ ions in these effects. The effects on cell viability on human A172 glial cells were assessed with an MTT assay and morphological analysis. The potential acute and developmental toxicity was assessed employing zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. To determine the role of Zn2+ ions in the in vitro and in vivo observed effects, we measured their release from ZnO NPs with flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Then, cells and zebrafish embryos were treated with a water-soluble salt (zinc sulfate) at concentrations that equal the number of Zn2+ ions released by the tested concentrations of ZnO NPs. Exposure to ZnO NPs induced morphological alterations and a significant decrease in cell viability depending on the concentration and duration of treatment, even after removing the overestimation due to NP interference. Although there were no signs of acute toxicity in zebrafish embryos, a decrease in hatching was detected after exposure to the highest ZnO NP concentrations tested. The ability of ZnO NPs to release Zn2+ ions into the medium in a concentration-dependent manner was confirmed. Zn2+ ions did not seem entirely responsible for the effects observed in the glial cells, but they were likely responsible for the decrease in zebrafish hatching rate. The results obtained in this work contribute to the knowledge of the toxicological potential of ZnO NPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Valdiglesias
- Universidade da Coruña, Grupo NanoToxGen, Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía—CICA, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus A Zapateira s/n, 15071 A Coruña, Spain; (V.V.); (N.F.-B.); (A.T.); (L.R.-P.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Oza, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Anabel Alba-González
- Universidade da Coruña, Grupo NEUROVER, Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía—CICA, Rúa As Carballeiras, 15071 A Coruña, Spain; (A.A.-G.); (J.Y.); (M.F.)
- Universidade da Coruña, Grupo NEUROVER, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus A Zapateira s/n, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Natalia Fernández-Bertólez
- Universidade da Coruña, Grupo NanoToxGen, Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía—CICA, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus A Zapateira s/n, 15071 A Coruña, Spain; (V.V.); (N.F.-B.); (A.T.); (L.R.-P.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Oza, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Assia Touzani
- Universidade da Coruña, Grupo NanoToxGen, Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía—CICA, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus A Zapateira s/n, 15071 A Coruña, Spain; (V.V.); (N.F.-B.); (A.T.); (L.R.-P.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Oza, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Lucía Ramos-Pan
- Universidade da Coruña, Grupo NanoToxGen, Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía—CICA, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus A Zapateira s/n, 15071 A Coruña, Spain; (V.V.); (N.F.-B.); (A.T.); (L.R.-P.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Oza, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Ana Teresa Reis
- EPIUnit—Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal;
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Environmental Health Department, National Institute of Health, Rua Alexandre Herculano, 321, 4000-055 Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Moreda-Piñeiro
- Universidade da Coruña, Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada (QANAP), Instituto Universitario Medio Ambiente (IUMA), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus A Zapateira s/n, 15071 A Coruña, Spain;
| | - Julián Yáñez
- Universidade da Coruña, Grupo NEUROVER, Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía—CICA, Rúa As Carballeiras, 15071 A Coruña, Spain; (A.A.-G.); (J.Y.); (M.F.)
- Universidade da Coruña, Grupo NEUROVER, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus A Zapateira s/n, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Blanca Laffon
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Oza, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
- Universidade da Coruña, Grupo DICOMOSA, Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía—CICA, Departamento de Psicología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación, Campus Elviña s/n, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Mónica Folgueira
- Universidade da Coruña, Grupo NEUROVER, Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía—CICA, Rúa As Carballeiras, 15071 A Coruña, Spain; (A.A.-G.); (J.Y.); (M.F.)
- Universidade da Coruña, Grupo NEUROVER, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus A Zapateira s/n, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| |
Collapse
|