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Maturana JC, Guindos P, Lagos J, Arroyave C, Echeverría F, Correa E. Two-step hot isostatic pressing densification achieved non-porous fully-densified wood with enhanced physical and mechanical properties. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14324. [PMID: 37652944 PMCID: PMC10471585 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41342-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A new two-step densification method for wooden materials entitled hot isostatic pressing (HIP) is proposed. This method has the advantage over previous densification methods that can achieved almost the full densification of wood, reaching values up to 1.47 kg/m3, which exceeds any value ever reported for a hardwood species. Furthermore, it can preserve about 35% of the original volume, in comparison to other methods which typically can preserve only 20% of the volume. Although not tested in this investigation, in principle, the HIP method should be capable of densifying any shape of wood including circular and tubular cross sections because the main densification mechanism is based on gas pressure that is equally exerted in the entire surface, rather than localized mechanical compression, which can only be effective with rectangular cross sections. In the first stage of the two-step proposed method, the compressive strength of the anatomical wood structure is reduced by delignification, and, in the second, a full densification is achieved by hot isostatic pressing under argon atmosphere. Three tropical hardwood species with distinct anatomical characteristics and properties were used to test the method. The HIP-densified wood's microstructural, chemical, physical, and mechanical properties were assessed. Apart from the high densification values and volume preservation, the results indicate that proposed method was effective for all the tested species, showing homogenous density patterns, stable densification without noticeable shape recovery, and enhanced mechanical properties. Future research should test the HIP method in softwoods and consider the ring orientation in order to enhance the control of the densified geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Maturana
- Grupo de Investigación Materiales con Impacto - MAT&MPAC, Facultad de Ingenierías, Universidad de Medellín UdeMedellín, Carrera 87 No. 30 - 65, Medellín, 050026, Colombia.
- Grupo de Investigación Valoración y Aprovechamiento de la Biodiversidad - VALORABIO, Universidad Tecnológica del Chocó UTCH, Carrera 22 No. 18B - 10, Quibdó, Colombia.
| | - P Guindos
- Centro Nacional de Excelencia Para la Industria de la Madera (CENAMAD), School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago, Chile
| | - J Lagos
- Centro Nacional de Excelencia Para la Industria de la Madera (CENAMAD), School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago, Chile
| | - C Arroyave
- Grupo de Investigaciones y Mediciones Ambientales - GEMA, Department of Environmental Engineering, Universidad de Medellín UdeMedellín, Carrera 87 No. 30 - 65, Medellín, 050026, Colombia
| | - F Echeverría
- Centro de Investigación, Innovación y Desarrollo de Materiales - CIDEMAT, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - E Correa
- Grupo de Investigación Materiales con Impacto - MAT&MPAC, Facultad de Ingenierías, Universidad de Medellín UdeMedellín, Carrera 87 No. 30 - 65, Medellín, 050026, Colombia.
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Sheeba KRJ, Priya RK, Arunachalam KP, Avudaiappan S, Maureira-Carsalade N, Roco-Videla Á. Characterisation of Sodium Acetate Treatment on Acacia pennata Natural Fibres. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15091996. [PMID: 37177144 PMCID: PMC10181136 DOI: 10.3390/polym15091996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study concerns the physico-chemical, structural, mechanical and thermal characterization of Acacia pennata, a natural and almost inexpensive fibre, as a potential reinforcement in polymer composites. The effect of treating the fibre with sodium acetate to increase its qualities has been seen through the use of thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), mechanical property tester, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). According to XRD analysis, the elimination of lignin and wax-like impurities resulted in an increase in the AP fibre's crystalline index (79.73%). The fibre's thermal stability was also discovered to be 365 °C. Tensile strength (557.58 MPa) and elongation at break both increased by 2.9% after treatment with sodium acetate. The surface nature and quality of AP fibres improved after sodium acetate treatment. It was confirmed by the reduction of chemical compositions (such as hemicellulose, lignin and pectin). Given its density, the fibre can be suggested as a reinforcement in polymer composites for light-weight applications because its lightweight property will be more useful for composite manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasirajan Rajam Jaya Sheeba
- PG & Research Department of Physics, Holy Cross College (Autonomous), Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Nagercoil 627012, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Retnam Krishna Priya
- PG & Research Department of Physics, Holy Cross College (Autonomous), Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Nagercoil 627012, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Krishna Prakash Arunachalam
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering Nagercoil, Anna University, Kanyakumari 629004, India
| | - Siva Avudaiappan
- Departamento de Ingeniería Civil, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070409, Chile
- Centro Nacional de Excelencia para la Industria de la Madera (CENAMAD), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago 8330024, Chile
- Department of Physiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai 600077, India
| | - Nelson Maureira-Carsalade
- Departamento de Ingeniería Civil, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción 4090541, Chile
| | - Ángel Roco-Videla
- Facultad de Salud y Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de las Américas, Providencia, Santiago 7500975, Chile
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