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Abbas M, Lai Z, Jansen JD, Tu H, Alqudah M, Xu X, Al-Saqarat BS, Al Hseinat M, Ou X, Petraglia MD, Carling PA. Human dispersals out of Africa via the Levant. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eadi6838. [PMID: 37792942 PMCID: PMC10550223 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi6838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Homo sapiens dispersed from Africa into Eurasia multiple times in the Middle and Late Pleistocene. The route, across northeastern Africa into the Levant, is a viable terrestrial corridor, as the present harsh southern Levant would probably have been savannahs and grasslands during the last interglaciation. Here, we document wetland sediments with luminescence ages falling in the last interglaciation in the southern Levant, showing protracted phases of moisture availability. Wetland sediments in Wadi Gharandal containing Levallois artifacts yielded an age of 84 ka. Our findings support the growing consensus for a well-watered Jordan Rift Valley that funneled migrants into western Asia and northern Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Abbas
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Zhongping Lai
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - John D. Jansen
- GFU Institute of Geophysics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Hua Tu
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Mohammad Alqudah
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Yarmouk University, 211163 Irbid, Jordan
| | - Xiaolin Xu
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Bety S. Al-Saqarat
- School of Science, Geology Department, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | | | - Xianjiao Ou
- School of Geography and Tourism, Jiaying University, Meizhou 514015, China
| | - Michael D. Petraglia
- Australian Research Centre for Human Evolution, Griffith University, Brisbane 4111, Australia
- School of Social Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Human Origins Program, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA
| | - Paul A. Carling
- The State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection (SKLGP), Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan 610059, China
- Geography & Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
- Lancaster Environment Centre, University of Lancaster, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
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Huang YJ, Jestin C, Welham SJ, King GJ, Manzanares-Dauleux MJ, Fitt BDL, Delourme R. Identification of environmentally stable QTL for resistance against Leptosphaeria maculans in oilseed rape (Brassica napus). Theor Appl Genet 2016; 129:169-80. [PMID: 26518572 PMCID: PMC4703627 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-015-2620-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Six stable QTL for resistance against L. maculans (phoma stem canker) have been identified by QTL × environment interaction analysis using data from five winter oilseed rape field experiments. Phoma stem canker, caused by Leptosphaeria maculans, is a disease of worldwide importance on oilseed rape (Brassica napus). Quantitative trait loci (QTL)-mediated resistance against L. maculans in B. napus is considered to be race non-specific and potentially durable. Identification and evaluation of QTL for resistance to L. maculans is important for breeding oilseed rape cultivars with durable resistance. An oilseed rape mapping population was used to detect QTL for resistance against L. maculans in five winter oilseed rape field experiments under different environments. A total of 17 QTL involved in 'field' quantitative resistance against L. maculans were detected and collectively explained 51% of the phenotypic variation. The number of QTL detected in each experiment ranged from two to nine and individual QTL explained 2-25% of the phenotypic variation. QTL × environment interaction analysis suggested that six of these QTL were less sensitive to environmental factors, so they were considered to be stable QTL. Markers linked to these stable QTL will be valuable for selection to breed for effective resistance against L. maculans in different environments, which will contribute to sustainable management of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y J Huang
- Centre for Agriculture, Food and Environmental Management, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL10 9AB, UK.
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK.
| | - C Jestin
- Terres Inovia, 78850, Thiverval-Grignon, France
- INRA, UMR1349 IGEPP, BP 35327, 35653, Le Rheu Cedex, France
| | - S J Welham
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK
- VSN International Ltd, Waterhouse Street, Hemel Hempstead, Hertfordshire, HP1 1ES, UK
| | - G J King
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK
- Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia
| | - M J Manzanares-Dauleux
- INRA, UMR1349 IGEPP, BP 35327, 35653, Le Rheu Cedex, France
- Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1349 IGEPP, BP 35327, 35653, Le Rheu Cedex, France
| | - B D L Fitt
- Centre for Agriculture, Food and Environmental Management, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL10 9AB, UK
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - R Delourme
- INRA, UMR1349 IGEPP, BP 35327, 35653, Le Rheu Cedex, France
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