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Solelhac G, Sánchez-de-la-Torre M, Blanchard M, Berger M, Hirotsu C, Imler T, Sánchez-de-la-Torre A, Haba-Rubio J, Marchi NA, Bayon V, Bailly S, Goupil F, Waeber A, Heiniger G, Pigeanne T, Gracia-Lavedan E, Zapater A, Abad J, Ordax E, Masdeu MJ, Cabriada-Nuño V, Egea C, Van Den Broecke S, Vollenweider P, Marques-Vidal P, Vaucher J, Bernardi G, Betta M, Siclari F, Barbé F, Gagnadoux F, Heinzer R. Pulse Wave Amplitude Drops Index: A Biomarker of Cardiovascular Risk in Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2023; 207:1620-1632. [PMID: 37017487 PMCID: PMC10273112 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202206-1223oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: It is currently unclear which patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are at increased cardiovascular risk. Objective: To investigate the value of pulse wave amplitude drops (PWADs), reflecting sympathetic activations and vasoreactivity, as a biomarker of cardiovascular risk in OSA. Methods: PWADs were derived from pulse oximetry-based photoplethysmography signals in three prospective cohorts: HypnoLaus (N = 1,941), the Pays-de-la-Loire Sleep Cohort (PLSC; N = 6,367), and "Impact of Sleep Apnea syndrome in the evolution of Acute Coronary syndrome. Effect of intervention with CPAP" (ISAACC) (N = 692). The PWAD index was the number of PWADs (>30%) per hour during sleep. All participants were divided into subgroups according to the presence or absence of OSA (defined as ⩾15 or more events per hour or <15/h, respectively, on the apnea-hypopnea index) and the median PWAD index. Primary outcome was the incidence of composite cardiovascular events. Measurements and Main Results: Using Cox models adjusted for cardiovascular risk factors (hazard ratio; HR [95% confidence interval]), patients with a low PWAD index and OSA had a higher incidence of cardiovascular events compared with the high-PWAD and OSA group and those without OSA in the HypnoLaus cohort (HR, 2.16 [1.07-4.34], P = 0.031; and 2.35 [1.12-4.93], P = 0.024) and in the PLSC (1.36 [1.13-1.63], P = 0.001; and 1.44 [1.06-1.94], P = 0.019), respectively. In the ISAACC cohort, the low-PWAD and OSA untreated group had a higher cardiovascular event recurrence rate than that of the no-OSA group (2.03 [1.08-3.81], P = 0.028). In the PLSC and HypnoLaus cohorts, every increase of 10 events per hour in the continuous PWAD index was negatively associated with incident cardiovascular events exclusively in patients with OSA (HR, 0.85 [0.73-0.99], P = 0.031; and HR, 0.91 [0.86-0.96], P < 0.001, respectively). This association was not significant in the no-OSA group and the ISAACC cohort. Conclusions: In patients with OSA, a low PWAD index reflecting poor autonomic and vascular reactivity was independently associated with a higher cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manuel Sánchez-de-la-Torre
- Precision Medicine in Chronic Diseases and
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Margaux Blanchard
- Ecole Supérieur D’Electronique de l’Ouest, Angers, France
- Laboratoire d’Acoustique de l’Université du Mans, Le Mans, France
| | | | | | - Théo Imler
- Center for Investigation and Research in Sleep
| | - Alicia Sánchez-de-la-Torre
- Precision Medicine in Chronic Diseases and
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Sébastien Bailly
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CHU Grenoble Alpes, HP2, Grenoble, France
| | - François Goupil
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Le Mans General Hospital, Le Mans, France
| | | | | | - Thierry Pigeanne
- Unité respiratoire, Pôle santé des Olonnes, Olonne sur Mer, France
| | - Esther Gracia-Lavedan
- Translation Research in Respiratory Medicine, University hospital Arnau de Vilanova-Santa Maria, IRB Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Andrea Zapater
- Precision Medicine in Chronic Diseases and
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Jorge Abad
- Respiratory Department, University hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Estrella Ordax
- Respiratory Department, Burgos University hospital, Burgos, Spain
| | - María José Masdeu
- Respiratory Department, University hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Egea
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Investigación OSI, Araba University hospital, IIS Bioaraba, Vitoria, Spain
| | - Sandra Van Den Broecke
- Center for Investigation and Research in Sleep
- Service de Pneumologie et Centre du Sommeil, Hôpital Neuchâtelois, site de Pourtalès, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Giulio Bernardi
- MoMiLab Research Unit, IMT School for Advanced Studies, Lucca, Italy
| | - Monica Betta
- MoMiLab Research Unit, IMT School for Advanced Studies, Lucca, Italy
| | - Francesca Siclari
- Center for Investigation and Research in Sleep
- The Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- The Sense Innovation and Research Center, Lausanne and Sion, Switzerland
| | - Ferran Barbé
- Translation Research in Respiratory Medicine, University hospital Arnau de Vilanova-Santa Maria, IRB Lleida, Lleida, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Frédéric Gagnadoux
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Angers University Hospital, Angers, France; and
- INSERM, CNRS, MITOVASC, Equipe CarME, SFR ICAT, University of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Raphael Heinzer
- Center for Investigation and Research in Sleep
- Pulmonary Department, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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