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Purwaningrum M, Giachelli CM, Osathanon T, Rattanapuchpong S, Sawangmake C. Dissecting specific Wnt components governing osteogenic differentiation potential by human periodontal ligament stem cells through interleukin-6. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9055. [PMID: 37270571 PMCID: PMC10239497 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35569-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) play a significant role on periodontal tissue and alveolar bone homeostasis. During inflammation, interleukin (IL)-6 serves as one of key cytokine players controlling tissue reaction as well as alveolar bone tissue remodeling. It is believed that periodontal tissue inflammation causes periodontium degradation, especially alveolar bone. However, in this study, we show that an inflammatory mediator, IL-6, may serve another direction on alveolar bone homeostasis during inflammatory condition. We found that, IL-6 at 10 and 20 ng/mL was not cytotoxic and dose-dependently exerted beneficial effects on osteogenic differentiation of human PDLSCs (hPDLSCs), as demonstrated by increased alkaline phosphatase activity, mRNA expression of osteogenic markers, and matrix mineralization. The presence of physiological and inflammatory level of IL-6, the osteogenic differentiation potential by hPDLSCs was enhanced by several possible mechanisms including transforming growth factor (TGF), Wnt, and Notch pathways. After in-depth and thorough exploration, we found that Wnt pathway serves as key regulator controlling osteogenic differentiation by hPDLSCs amid the IL-6 presentation. Surprisingly, apart from other mesenchymal stem cells, distinct Wnt components are employed by hPDLSCs, and both canonical and non-canonical Wnt pathways are triggered by different mechanisms. Further validation by gene silencing, treatment with recombinant Wnt ligands, and β-catenin stabilization/translocation confirmed that IL-6 governed the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway via either WNT2B or WNT10B and employed WNT5A to activate the non-canonical Wnt pathway. These findings fulfill the homeostasis pathway governing periodontal tissue and alveolar bone regeneration and may serve for further therapeutic regimen design for restoring the tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medania Purwaningrum
- The International Graduate Program of Veterinary Science and Technology (VST), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Veterinary Stem Cell and Bioengineering Innovation Center (VSCBIC), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
- Veterinary Stem Cell and Bioengineering Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Cecilia M Giachelli
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Thanaphum Osathanon
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Dental Stem Cell Biology Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Regenerative Dentistry (CERD), Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Sirirat Rattanapuchpong
- Veterinary Stem Cell and Bioengineering Innovation Center (VSCBIC), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
- Veterinary Stem Cell and Bioengineering Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
- Academic Affairs, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Chenphop Sawangmake
- Veterinary Stem Cell and Bioengineering Innovation Center (VSCBIC), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
- Veterinary Stem Cell and Bioengineering Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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