1
|
Freycon C, Sepulchre E, Lavallée VP, Mitchell D, MacMillan ML, Vezina C, Goudie C. Pediatric acute promyelocytic leukemia and Fanconi anemia: Case report and literature review. Clin Genet 2024. [PMID: 38658784 DOI: 10.1111/cge.14537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) represents 5%-10% of childhood acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and is the most curable subtype of AML. Fanconi anemia (FA) is one of the most common inherited bone marrow failure syndromes caused by biallelic pathogenic variants (PV) in specific DNA-repair genes. Biallelic PVs in FANCD1/BRCA2 (FA-D1) account for 3% of FA and are associated with early-onset leukemia and a high risk of solid tumors. We report a 4 year-old boy from non-consanguineous parents diagnosed with standard risk APL. This child had café-au-lait spots and an extra thumb remnant. Genomic sequencing revealed two PV in FANCD1/BRCA2 confirming a diagnosis of FA-D1. Chromosomal breakage studies were compatible with FA. Each parent carried one variant and had no personal history of cancer. Morphological then molecular remissions were achieved with all-trans retinoic acid and Arsenic trioxide. This patient underwent haploidentical stem cell transplant. In addition to our patient, a literature search revealed four additional patients with APL/FA, with a total of three patients with FA-D1. This raises the possibility of an association between such rare disorders. Practical management of APL in the setting of FA-D1 is discussed with an overview of current evidence and knowledge gaps.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire Freycon
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Child Health and Human Development, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Edith Sepulchre
- Department of Human Genetics, GIGA Research Center - University of Liège and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Research Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vincent-Philippe Lavallée
- Research Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Charles-Bruneau Cancer Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - David Mitchell
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Margaret L MacMillan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation & Cellular Therapy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Catherine Vezina
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Catherine Goudie
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Child Health and Human Development, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Champagne A, Chebra I, Jain P, Ringuette Goulet C, Lauzier A, Guyon A, Neveu B, Pouliot F. An Extracellular Matrix Overlay Model for Bioluminescence Microscopy to Measure Single-Cell Heterogeneous Responses to Antiandrogens in Prostate Cancer Cells. Biosensors (Basel) 2024; 14:175. [PMID: 38667168 PMCID: PMC11048191 DOI: 10.3390/bios14040175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) displays diverse intra-tumoral traits, impacting its progression and treatment outcomes. This study aimed to refine PCa cell culture conditions for dynamic monitoring of androgen receptor (AR) activity at the single-cell level. We introduced an extracellular matrix-Matrigel (ECM-M) culture model, enhancing cellular tracking during bioluminescence single-cell imaging while improving cell viability. ECM-M notably tripled the traceability of poorly adherent PCa cells, facilitating robust single-cell tracking, without impeding substrate permeability or AR response. This model effectively monitored AR modulation by antiandrogens across various PCa cell lines. Single-cell imaging unveiled heterogeneous antiandrogen responses within populations, correlating non-responsive cell proportions with drug IC50 values. Integrating ECM-M culture with the PSEBC-TSTA biosensor enabled precise characterization of ARi responsiveness within diverse cell populations. Our ECM-M model stands as a promising tool to assess heterogeneous single-cell treatment responses in cancer, offering insights to link drug responses to intracellular signaling dynamics. This approach enhances our comprehension of the nuanced and dynamic nature of PCa treatment responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Champagne
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada (I.C.); (P.J.); (C.R.G.); (A.L.); (A.G.)
- Department of Surgery (Urology), Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1R 2J6, Canada
| | - Imene Chebra
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada (I.C.); (P.J.); (C.R.G.); (A.L.); (A.G.)
- Department of Surgery (Urology), Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1R 2J6, Canada
| | - Pallavi Jain
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada (I.C.); (P.J.); (C.R.G.); (A.L.); (A.G.)
- Department of Surgery (Urology), Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1R 2J6, Canada
| | - Cassandra Ringuette Goulet
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada (I.C.); (P.J.); (C.R.G.); (A.L.); (A.G.)
- Department of Surgery (Urology), Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1R 2J6, Canada
| | - Annie Lauzier
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada (I.C.); (P.J.); (C.R.G.); (A.L.); (A.G.)
- Department of Surgery (Urology), Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1R 2J6, Canada
| | - Antoine Guyon
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada (I.C.); (P.J.); (C.R.G.); (A.L.); (A.G.)
- Department of Surgery (Urology), Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1R 2J6, Canada
| | - Bertrand Neveu
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada (I.C.); (P.J.); (C.R.G.); (A.L.); (A.G.)
- Department of Surgery (Urology), Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1R 2J6, Canada
| | - Frédéric Pouliot
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada (I.C.); (P.J.); (C.R.G.); (A.L.); (A.G.)
- Department of Surgery (Urology), Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1R 2J6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Diallo TM, Hanuš T, Patriarche G, Ruediger A, Boucherif A. Unraveling the Heterointegration of 3D Semiconductors on Graphene by Anchor Point Nucleation. Small 2024; 20:e2306038. [PMID: 38009786 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202306038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The heterointegration of graphene with semiconductor materials and the development of graphene-based hybrid functional devices are heavily bound to the control of surface energy. Although remote epitaxy offers one of the most appealing techniques for implementing 3D/2D heterostructures, it is only suitable for polar materials and is hugely dependent on the graphene interface quality. Here, the growth of defect-free single-crystalline germanium (Ge) layers on a graphene-coated Ge substrate is demonstrated by introducing a new approach named anchor point nucleation (APN). This powerful approach based on graphene surface engineering enables the growth of semiconductors on any type of substrate covered by graphene. Through plasma treatment, defects such as dangling bonds and nanoholes, which act as preferential nucleation sites, are introduced in the graphene layer. These experimental data unravel the nature of those defects, their role in nucleation, and the mechanisms governing this technique. Additionally, high-resolution transmission microscopy combined with geometrical phase analysis established that the as-grown layers are perfectly single-crystalline, stress-free, and oriented by the substrate underneath the engineered graphene layer. These findings provide new insights into graphene engineering by plasma and open up a universal pathway for the heterointegration of high-quality 3D semiconductors on graphene for disruptive hybrid devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thierno Mamoudou Diallo
- Institut Interdisciplinaire d'Innovation Technologique (3IT), Université de Sherbrooke, 3000 Boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 0A5, Canada
- Laboratoire Nanotechnologies Nanosystèmes (LN2)-CNRS IRL-3463 Institut Interdisciplinaire d'Innovation Technologique (3IT), Université de Sherbrooke, 3000 Boulevard Université, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1K0A5, Canada
| | - Tadeáš Hanuš
- Institut Interdisciplinaire d'Innovation Technologique (3IT), Université de Sherbrooke, 3000 Boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 0A5, Canada
- Laboratoire Nanotechnologies Nanosystèmes (LN2)-CNRS IRL-3463 Institut Interdisciplinaire d'Innovation Technologique (3IT), Université de Sherbrooke, 3000 Boulevard Université, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1K0A5, Canada
| | - Gilles Patriarche
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies (C2N), CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau, 91120, France
| | - Andreas Ruediger
- Nanoelectronics-Nanophotonics INRS-EMT, 1650, Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, QC, J3×1P7, Canada
| | - Abderraouf Boucherif
- Institut Interdisciplinaire d'Innovation Technologique (3IT), Université de Sherbrooke, 3000 Boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 0A5, Canada
- Laboratoire Nanotechnologies Nanosystèmes (LN2)-CNRS IRL-3463 Institut Interdisciplinaire d'Innovation Technologique (3IT), Université de Sherbrooke, 3000 Boulevard Université, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1K0A5, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Borderie A, Caclin A, Lachaux JP, Perrone-Bertollotti M, Hoyer RS, Kahane P, Catenoix H, Tillmann B, Albouy P. Cross-frequency coupling in cortico-hippocampal networks supports the maintenance of sequential auditory information in short-term memory. PLoS Biol 2024; 22:e3002512. [PMID: 38442128 PMCID: PMC10914261 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
It has been suggested that cross-frequency coupling in cortico-hippocampal networks enables the maintenance of multiple visuo-spatial items in working memory. However, whether this mechanism acts as a global neural code for memory retention across sensory modalities remains to be demonstrated. Intracranial EEG data were recorded while drug-resistant patients with epilepsy performed a delayed matched-to-sample task with tone sequences. We manipulated task difficulty by varying the memory load and the duration of the silent retention period between the to-be-compared sequences. We show that the strength of theta-gamma phase amplitude coupling in the superior temporal sulcus, the inferior frontal gyrus, the inferior temporal gyrus, and the hippocampus (i) supports the short-term retention of auditory sequences; (ii) decodes correct and incorrect memory trials as revealed by machine learning analysis; and (iii) is positively correlated with individual short-term memory performance. Specifically, we show that successful task performance is associated with consistent phase coupling in these regions across participants, with gamma bursts restricted to specific theta phase ranges corresponding to higher levels of neural excitability. These findings highlight the role of cortico-hippocampal activity in auditory short-term memory and expand our knowledge about the role of cross-frequency coupling as a global biological mechanism for information processing, integration, and memory in the human brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Borderie
- CERVO Brain Research Center, School of Psychology, Laval University, Québec, Canada
- International Laboratory for Brain, Music and Sound Research (BRAMS), CRBLM, Montreal, Canada
| | - Anne Caclin
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon CRNL U1028 UMR5292, Bron, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Lachaux
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon CRNL U1028 UMR5292, Bron, France
| | | | - Roxane S. Hoyer
- CERVO Brain Research Center, School of Psychology, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Philippe Kahane
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Hélène Catenoix
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon CRNL U1028 UMR5292, Bron, France
- Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology, Lyon Civil Hospices, member of the ERN EpiCARE, and Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France
| | - Barbara Tillmann
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon CRNL U1028 UMR5292, Bron, France
- Laboratory for Research on Learning and Development, LEAD–CNRS UMR5022, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Philippe Albouy
- CERVO Brain Research Center, School of Psychology, Laval University, Québec, Canada
- International Laboratory for Brain, Music and Sound Research (BRAMS), CRBLM, Montreal, Canada
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon CRNL U1028 UMR5292, Bron, France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chagnon M, Levasseur M, Boissy P. Telehealth interventions in occupational therapy with older adults: Results from a scoping review targeting better health promotion. Aust Occup Ther J 2024; 71:190-208. [PMID: 37885381 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1630.12910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Telehealth interventions have the potential to enhance access to care and improve efficiency while reducing the burden on patients. Although telehealth interventions are well accepted and adopted in physical therapy, their usage in occupational therapy for older adults is less common, and limited information exists regarding their setting and context. OBJECTIVE To provide an inventory and synthesis of telehealth interventions in occupational therapy for older adults. METHOD For published studies on telehealth-based occupational therapy interventions in older adults between 2000 and 2022, six databases were reviewed. Data extraction and analysis were guided by the taxonomies developed by Tulu, McColl and Law and informed by the Canadian Model of Occupational Performance and Engagement. FINDINGS Twenty-three studies on telehealth interventions in occupational therapy for older adults were identified, mostly from North American authors (n = 11; 47.8%) and randomised clinical trials (n = 9; 39.1%). Most participants had a health problem (n = 20; 87.0%), mainly stroke (n = 9; 39.1%). Interventions focussed primarily on symptom management education (n = 12; 52.2%) of community-dwelling adults with health conditions, using videoconferencing systems or applications (n = 14; 60.7%). Interventions were delivered from the healthcare centre (n = 6; 26.1%) to the person's home (n = 18; 78.3%) synchronously (n = 19; 82.6%). About one third (n = 8; 34.8%) of the studies specified the therapist's location. CONCLUSION Published studies on telehealth interventions in occupational therapy with older adults have mainly focussed on the synchronous training and education of participants using videoconferencing systems or applications. According to these studies, the scope of interventions is limited and could be expanded, for example, through occupational development and environmental modification. To better understand and describe best practices in the use of telehealth in occupational therapy, future studies should provide more details about the interventions performed, the technology used and the environmental settings of the therapist.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Chagnon
- School of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
- Research Centre on Aging, Health, and Social Services Centre, University Institute of Geriatric of Sherbrooke (CSSS-IUGS), Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Mélanie Levasseur
- School of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
- Research Centre on Aging, Health, and Social Services Centre, University Institute of Geriatric of Sherbrooke (CSSS-IUGS), Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Patrick Boissy
- Research Centre on Aging, Health, and Social Services Centre, University Institute of Geriatric of Sherbrooke (CSSS-IUGS), Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Orthopedic Division, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Smith RJ, Chen Y, Lafleur CI, Kaur D, Bede JC. Effect of sublethal concentrations of the bioinsecticide spinosyn treatment of Trichoplusia ni eggs on the caterpillar and its parasitoid, Trichogramma brassicae. Pest Manag Sci 2024. [PMID: 38298017 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Integrated Pest Management (IPM) seeks to combine multiple management strategies for optimal pest control. One method that is successfully employed in IPM is the use of beneficial organisms. However, in severe circumstances when pest insects exceed threshold limits, insecticides may still need to be implemented. Thus, understanding the effects of insecticides on biocontrol agents, such as parasitoid wasps, is paramount to ensure sustainable agroecosystems. Sublethal effects of the bioinsecticide spinosyn, a mixture of the bacterial Saccharopolyspora spinosa (Mertz and Yao) fermentation products spinosyn A and D, on eggs of Trichoplusia ni (Hübner), a cruciferous crop pest, and its egg parasitoid Trichogramma brassicae (Bezdenko) was investigated. RESULTS The LC50 for spinosyn A and D (dissolved in ethanol) on T. ni eggs is 54 ng mL-1 . Transcriptomics on caterpillars (1st and 3rd instars) that hatched from eggs treated with sublethal concentrations of spinosyn identified the upregulation of several genes encoding proteins that may be involved in insecticide resistance including detoxification enzymes, such as cytochrome P450 s, glutathione S-transferases and esterases. Sublethal T. ni egg treatments did not affect parasitoid emergence, however, there was a marked increase in the size of T. brassicae hind tibia and wings that emerged from spinosyn-treated eggs. CONCLUSIONS For the caterpillar, treatment of eggs with sublethal concentrations of spinosyn may induce insecticide resistance mechanisms. For the parasitoids, their increased size when reared in spinosyn-treated eggs suggests that the emerged wasps may have higher performance. © 2024 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Smith
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Canada
| | - Yinting Chen
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Canada
| | | | - Diljot Kaur
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Canada
| | - Jacqueline C Bede
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gagnon J, Breton M, Gaboury I. Decision-maker roles in healthcare quality improvement projects: a scoping review. BMJ Open Qual 2024; 13:e002522. [PMID: 38176953 PMCID: PMC10773379 DOI: 10.1136/bmjoq-2023-002522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Evidence suggests that healthcare quality improvement (QI) projects are more successful when decision-makers are involved in the process. However, guidance regarding the engagement of decision-makers in QI projects is lacking. We conducted a scoping review to identify QI projects involving decision-makers published in the literature and to describe the roles decision-makers played. METHODS Following the Joanna Briggs Institute framework for scoping reviews, we systematically searched for all types of studies in English or French between 2002 and 2023 in: EMBASE, MEDLINE via PubMed, PsycINFO, and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature. Criteria for inclusion consisted of literature describing health sector QI projects that involved local, regional or system-level decision-makers. Descriptive analysis was performed. Drawing on QI and participatory research literature, the research team developed an inductive data extraction grid to provide a portrait of QI project characteristics, decision-makers' contributions, and advantages and challenges associated with their involvement. RESULTS After screening and review, we retained 29 references. 18 references described multi-site projects and 11 were conducted in single sites. Local decision-makers' contributions were documented in 27 of the 29 references and regional decision-makers' contributions were documented in 12. Local decision-makers were more often active participants in QI processes, contributing toward planning, implementation, change management and capacity building. Regional decision-makers more often served as initiators and supporters of QI projects, contributing toward strategic planning, recruitment, delegation, coordination of local teams, as well as assessment and capacity building. Advantages of decision-maker involvement described in the retained references include mutual learning, frontline staff buy-in, accountability, resource allocation, effective leadership and improved implementation feasibility. Considerations regarding their involvement included time constraints, variable supervisory expertise, issues concerning centralised leadership, relationship strengthening among stakeholders, and strategic alignment of frontline staff and managerial priorities CONCLUSIONS: This scoping review provides important insights into the various roles played by decision-makers, the benefits and challenges associated with their involvement, and identifies opportunities for strengthening their engagement. The results of this review highlight the need for practical collaboration and communication strategies that foster partnership between frontline staff and decision-makers at all levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin Gagnon
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mylaine Breton
- Department of Family Medicine and Emergency Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Isabelle Gaboury
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Vergunst F, Vitaro F, Brendgen M, Larose MP, Girard A, Tremblay RE, Côté SM. Mechanisms and pathways linking kindergarten behavior problems with mid-life employment earnings for males from low-income neighborhoods. Child Dev 2024; 95:208-222. [PMID: 37424295 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.13967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Childhood behavior problems are associated with reduced labor market participation and lower earnings in adulthood, but little is known about the pathways and mechanisms that explain these associations. Drawing on a 33-year prospective birth cohort of White males from low-income backgrounds (n = 1040), we conducted a path analysis linking participants' teacher-rated behavior problems at age 6 years-that is, inattention, hyperactivity, aggression-opposition, and low prosociality-to employment earnings at age 35-39 years obtained from tax records. We examined three psychosocial mediators at age 11-12 years (academic, behavioral, social) and two mediators at age 25 years (non-high school graduation, criminal convictions). Our findings support the notion that multiple psychosocial pathways-especially low education attainment-link kindergarten behavior problems to lower employment earnings decades later.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francis Vergunst
- Department of Special Needs Education, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Frank Vitaro
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- School of Psycho-Education, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mara Brendgen
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Quebec in Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marie-Pier Larose
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Psychology and Speech-Language Pathology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Alain Girard
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Richard E Tremblay
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics and Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sport Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sylvana M Côté
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhang W, Najafabadi H, Li Y. SparsePro: An efficient fine-mapping method integrating summary statistics and functional annotations. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1011104. [PMID: 38153934 PMCID: PMC10781022 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying causal variants from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) is challenging due to widespread linkage disequilibrium (LD) and the possible existence of multiple causal variants in the same genomic locus. Functional annotations of the genome may help to prioritize variants that are biologically relevant and thus improve fine-mapping of GWAS results. Classical fine-mapping methods conducting an exhaustive search of variant-level causal configurations have a high computational cost, especially when the underlying genetic architecture and LD patterns are complex. SuSiE provided an iterative Bayesian stepwise selection algorithm for efficient fine-mapping. In this work, we build connections between SuSiE and a paired mean field variational inference algorithm through the implementation of a sparse projection, and propose effective strategies for estimating hyperparameters and summarizing posterior probabilities. Moreover, we incorporate functional annotations into fine-mapping by jointly estimating enrichment weights to derive functionally-informed priors. We evaluate the performance of SparsePro through extensive simulations using resources from the UK Biobank. Compared to state-of-the-art methods, SparsePro achieved improved power for fine-mapping with reduced computation time. We demonstrate the utility of SparsePro through fine-mapping of five functional biomarkers of clinically relevant phenotypes. In summary, we have developed an efficient fine-mapping method for integrating summary statistics and functional annotations. Our method can have wide utility in understanding the genetics of complex traits and increasing the yield of functional follow-up studies of GWAS. SparsePro software is available on GitHub at https://github.com/zhwm/SparsePro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenmin Zhang
- Quantitative Life Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hamed Najafabadi
- Quantitative Life Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Dahdaleh Institute of Genomic Medicine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yue Li
- Quantitative Life Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- School of Computer Science, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ngwasiri C, Kinoré M, Samadoulougou S, Kirakoya-Samadoulougou F. Sex-specific-evaluation of metabolic syndrome prevalence in Algeria: insights from the 2016-2017 non-communicable diseases risk factors survey. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18908. [PMID: 37919315 PMCID: PMC10622436 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45625-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a core driver of cardiovascular diseases (CVD); however, to date, gender differences in MetS prevalence and its components have not been assessed in the Algerian adult general population. This study aimed to determine the gender differences in MetS prevalence and its components, in the general population of Algeria. Secondary analysis was performed on data from the Algerian 2016-2017 non-communicable disease risk factor survey. MetS was determined according to the harmonized Joint Interim Statement criteria. A Poisson regression model based on Generalised Estimating Equations was used to estimate the adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) for the sex-specific factors associated with MetS. Overall, the prevalence of MetS was 34.0% (95% CI 32.4-35.6). MetS prevalence in women and men was 39.1% (95% CI 37.0-41.3) and 29.1% (95% CI 27.2-31.2), respectively. The most frequent triad was the clustering of abdominal obesity with low HDL-cholesterol and high blood pressure among women (8.9%; 95% CI [8.0-10.0]) and low HDL-cholesterol with high blood pressure and hyperglycaemia among men (5.2%; 95% CI [4.3-6.3]). Increasing age (aPR 3.21 [2.35-4.39] in men and aPR 3.47 [2.86-4.22] in women), cohabitation (aPR 1.14 [1.05-1.24]), women residing in urban areas (aPR 1.13 [1.01-1.26]), men with higher educational levels (aPR 1.39 [1.14-1.70]), and men with insufficient physical activity (aPR 1.16 [1.05-1.30]) were associated with higher risk of MetS. In this population-based study, one in three Algerian adults had MetS, and key components including abdominal obesity, low HDL-cholesterol, and high blood pressure, are very common, especially in women. Reinforcing interventions for weight management targeting married women living in urban areas and improving sufficient physical activity in men with higher socioeconomic status could provide maximal health gains and stem the CVD epidemic in Algeria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Calypse Ngwasiri
- Clinical Research Education Networking and Consultancy (CRENC), RFMR+QFH, Yaoundé, Centre Region, Cameroon.
- Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie, Biostatistique et Recherche Clinique, Ecole de Santé Publique, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Mikaila Kinoré
- Département de Biochimie et Microbiologie, UFR-SVT, Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Sekou Samadoulougou
- Centre for Research on Planning and Development, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Fati Kirakoya-Samadoulougou
- Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie, Biostatistique et Recherche Clinique, Ecole de Santé Publique, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Celis-Preciado CA, Leclerc S, Duval M, Cliche DO, Larivée P, Lemaire-Paquette S, Lévesque S, Côté A, Lachapelle P, Couillard S. Phenotyping the Responses to Systemic Corticosteroids in the Management of Asthma Attacks (PRISMA): protocol for an observational and translational pilot study. BMJ Open Respir Res 2023; 10:e001932. [PMID: 37940357 PMCID: PMC10632890 DOI: 10.1136/bmjresp-2023-001932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Asthma and its associated exacerbation are heterogeneous. Although severe asthma attacks are systematically prescribed corticosteroids and often antibiotics, little is known about the variability of response to these therapies. Blood eosinophils and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) are type 2 inflammation biomarkers that have established mechanistic, prognostic and theragnostic values in chronic asthma, but their utility in acute asthma is unclear. We speculate that the clinical and biological response to those treatments varies according to inflammometry and microbiological test results. METHODS AND ANALYSIS An observational longitudinal pilot study with multimodal clinical and translational assessments will be performed on 50 physician-diagnosed ≥12-year-old asthmatics presenting with an asthma attack and 12 healthy controls, including blood eosinophil count (venous and point-of-care (POC) capillary blood), FeNO and testing for airway infection (sputum cultures and POC nasopharyngeal swabs). People with asthma will be assessed on day 0 and after a 7-day corticosteroid course, with home monitoring performed in between. The primary analysis will be the change in the forced expiratory volume in 1 s according to type 2 inflammatory status (blood eosinophils ≥0.15×109/L and/or FeNO ≥25 ppb) after treatment. Key secondary analyses will compare changes in symptom scores and the proportion of patients achieving a minimal clinically important difference. Exploratory analyses will assess the relationship between clinical, lung function, inflammatory and microbiome parameters; satisfaction plus reliability indices of POC tests; and sex-gender variability in treatment response. Ultimately, this pilot study will serve to plan a larger trial comparing the clinical and biological response to systemic corticosteroids according to inflammatory biomarkers, offering valuable guidance for more personalised therapeutic strategies in asthma attacks. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The protocol has been approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada (#2023-4687). Results will be communicated in an international meeting and submitted to a peer-reviewed journal. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ClinicalTrials.gov Registry (NCT05870215).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Andrés Celis-Preciado
- Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
- Internal Medicine-Pulmonary Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Simon Leclerc
- Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Martine Duval
- Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Dominic O Cliche
- Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Pierre Larivée
- Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Samuel Lemaire-Paquette
- Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Simon Lévesque
- Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie, CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Andréanne Côté
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Philippe Lachapelle
- Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Simon Couillard
- Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Cloutier B, Lecomte T, Diotte F, Lamontagne J, Abdel-Baki A, Daneault JG, Gélineau Rabbath ME, de Connor A, Perrine C. Improving Romantic Relationship Functioning Among Young Men With First-Episode Psychosis: Impact of a Novel Group Intervention. Behav Modif 2023; 47:1170-1192. [PMID: 37496322 PMCID: PMC10403962 DOI: 10.1177/01454455231186586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Previous research has highlighted many of the challenges faced by individuals with psychosis in romantic relationships. The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of a novel group intervention for men with first-episode psychosis (FEP) on dating success, romantic and sexual functioning, self-esteem, self-stigma, mentalizing skills, and symptomatology, while using a repeated single-case experimental design and comparing results across two treatment modalities (i.e., in-person or online). Twenty-seven participants from five treatment sites completed a 12-week group intervention. Qualitative data was also collected to assess participants' subjective experiences with the program. In both modalities, significant improvements were observed for romantic functioning, mentalizing skills, and symptomatology, with effect sizes ranging from small to large. Several participants also attended more dates and entered committed relationships after the intervention. Most participants were satisfied with the program and many felt that they had learned new skills and gained confidence in dating. Future research should replicate these findings in larger and more inclusive samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Amal Abdel-Baki
- Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Clinique JAP, QC, Canada
| | | | | | - Alexandre de Connor
- Centre hospitalier universitaire de Montpellier, Centre de rétablissement et de réhabilitation Jean-Minvieille, Montpellier, France
| | - Cécile Perrine
- Établissement public de santé mentale Caen, Unité de réhabilitation psychosociale Ariane, Caen, France
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hundemer GL, Imsirovic H, Kendzerska T, Vaidya A, Leung AA, Kline GA, Goupil R, Madore F, Agharazii M, Knoll G, Sood MM. Screening for Primary Aldosteronism Among Hypertensive Adults with Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Retrospective Population-Based Study. Am J Hypertens 2023; 36:363-371. [PMID: 36827468 PMCID: PMC10267649 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpad022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension plus obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is recommended in some guidelines as an indication to screen for primary aldosteronism (PA), yet prior data has brought the validity of this recommendation into question. Given this context, it remains unknown whether this screening recommendation is being implemented into clinical practice. METHODS We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study of all adult Ontario (Canada) residents with hypertension plus OSA from 2009 to 2020 with follow-up through 2021 utilizing provincial health administrative data. We measured the proportion of individuals who underwent PA screening via the aldosterone-to-renin ratio by year. We further examined screening rates among patients with hypertension plus OSA by the presence of concurrent hypokalemia and resistant hypertension. Clinical predictors associated with screening were assessed via Cox regression modeling. RESULTS The study cohort included 53,130 adults with both hypertension and OSA, of which only 634 (1.2%) underwent PA screening. Among patients with hypertension, OSA, and hypokalemia, the proportion of eligible patients screened increased to 2.8%. Among patients ≥65 years with hypertension, OSA, and prescription of ≥4 antihypertensive medications, the proportion of eligible patients screened was 1.8%. Older age was associated with a decreased likelihood of screening while hypokalemia and subspecialty care with internal medicine, cardiology, endocrinology, or nephrology were associated with an increased likelihood of screening. No associations with screening were identified with sex, rural residence, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, or respirology subspecialty care. CONCLUSIONS The population-level uptake of the guideline recommendation to screen all patients with hypertension plus OSA for PA is exceedingly low.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory L Hundemer
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- ICES (formerly Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences), Ottawa, Canada
| | - Haris Imsirovic
- ICES (formerly Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences), Ottawa, Canada
| | - Tetyana Kendzerska
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- ICES (formerly Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences), Ottawa, Canada
- Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anand Vaidya
- Center for Adrenal Disorders, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alexander A Leung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gregory A Kline
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Rémi Goupil
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - François Madore
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mohsen Agharazii
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Greg Knoll
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Manish M Sood
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Allard D, Cousineau I, Ma EH, Allard B, Bareche Y, Fleury H, Stagg J. The CD73 immune checkpoint promotes tumor cell metabolic fitness. eLife 2023; 12:e84508. [PMID: 37261423 PMCID: PMC10259490 DOI: 10.7554/elife.84508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
CD73 is an ectonucleotidase overexpressed on tumor cells that suppresses anti-tumor immunity. Accordingly, several CD73 inhibitors are currently being evaluated in the clinic, including in large randomized clinical trials. Yet, the tumor cell-intrinsic impact of CD73 remain largely uncharacterized. Using metabolomics, we discovered that CD73 significantly enhances tumor cell mitochondrial respiration and aspartate biosynthesis. Importantly, rescuing aspartate biosynthesis was sufficient to restore proliferation of CD73-deficient tumors in immune deficient mice. Seahorse analysis of a large panel of mouse and human tumor cells demonstrated that CD73 enhanced oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and glycolytic reserve. Targeting CD73 decreased tumor cell metabolic fitness, increased genomic instability and suppressed poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) activity. Our study thus uncovered an important immune-independent function for CD73 in promoting tumor cell metabolism, and provides the rationale for previously unforeseen combination therapies incorporating CD73 inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Allard
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier l’Université de MontréalMontrealCanada
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de MontréalMontrealCanada
- Institut du Cancer de MontréalMontrealCanada
| | - Isabelle Cousineau
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier l’Université de MontréalMontrealCanada
- Institut du Cancer de MontréalMontrealCanada
| | - Eric H Ma
- McGill Goodman Cancer Research CentreMontréalCanada
| | - Bertrand Allard
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier l’Université de MontréalMontrealCanada
- Institut du Cancer de MontréalMontrealCanada
| | - Yacine Bareche
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier l’Université de MontréalMontrealCanada
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de MontréalMontrealCanada
- Institut du Cancer de MontréalMontrealCanada
| | - Hubert Fleury
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier l’Université de MontréalMontrealCanada
- Institut du Cancer de MontréalMontrealCanada
| | - John Stagg
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier l’Université de MontréalMontrealCanada
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de MontréalMontrealCanada
- Institut du Cancer de MontréalMontrealCanada
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Khorasani A, Chadi N. The tobacco-free fallacy: What paediatricians should know about herbal smoking products. Paediatr Child Health 2023; 28:141-144. [PMID: 37205137 PMCID: PMC10186095 DOI: 10.1093/pch/pxac096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
While e-cigarette and combustible cigarette use remains more common among youth, herbal smoking products are gaining interest and popularity among children and adolescents. Herbal smoking products are often touted as a safer alternative to tobacco smoking or nicotine vaping; however, research suggests that they emit significant levels of toxicants and carcinogens posing risks to child and adolescent health. The low perceived risk coupled with youth-friendly flavours and easy access may entice youth to use herbal smoking products and increase the risk of subsequent tobacco and substance use. We discuss what is known about the use, health effects, and regulations of herbal smoking products and present strategies for policymakers and paediatric providers to reduce the risks associated with these products for Canadian youth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arianne Khorasani
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nicholas Chadi
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Simon F, Tinevez JY, van Teeffelen S. ExTrack characterizes transition kinetics and diffusion in noisy single-particle tracks. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202208059. [PMID: 36880553 PMCID: PMC9997658 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202208059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Single-particle tracking microscopy is a powerful technique to investigate how proteins dynamically interact with their environment in live cells. However, the analysis of tracks is confounded by noisy molecule localization, short tracks, and rapid transitions between different motion states, notably between immobile and diffusive states. Here, we propose a probabilistic method termed ExTrack that uses the full spatio-temporal information of tracks to extract global model parameters, to calculate state probabilities at every time point, to reveal distributions of state durations, and to refine the positions of bound molecules. ExTrack works for a wide range of diffusion coefficients and transition rates, even if experimental data deviate from model assumptions. We demonstrate its capacity by applying it to slowly diffusing and rapidly transitioning bacterial envelope proteins. ExTrack greatly increases the regime of computationally analyzable noisy single-particle tracks. The ExTrack package is available in ImageJ and Python.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- François Simon
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie, et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Microbial Morphogenesis and Growth Lab, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Yves Tinevez
- Image Analysis Hub, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Sven van Teeffelen
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie, et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Microbial Morphogenesis and Growth Lab, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Simon F, Tinevez JY, van Teeffelen S. ExTrack characterizes transition kinetics and diffusion in noisy single-particle tracks. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202208059. [PMID: 36880553 PMCID: PMC9997658 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202208059 10.1101/2022.07.13.499913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Single-particle tracking microscopy is a powerful technique to investigate how proteins dynamically interact with their environment in live cells. However, the analysis of tracks is confounded by noisy molecule localization, short tracks, and rapid transitions between different motion states, notably between immobile and diffusive states. Here, we propose a probabilistic method termed ExTrack that uses the full spatio-temporal information of tracks to extract global model parameters, to calculate state probabilities at every time point, to reveal distributions of state durations, and to refine the positions of bound molecules. ExTrack works for a wide range of diffusion coefficients and transition rates, even if experimental data deviate from model assumptions. We demonstrate its capacity by applying it to slowly diffusing and rapidly transitioning bacterial envelope proteins. ExTrack greatly increases the regime of computationally analyzable noisy single-particle tracks. The ExTrack package is available in ImageJ and Python.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- François Simon
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie, et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Microbial Morphogenesis and Growth Lab, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Yves Tinevez
- Image Analysis Hub, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Sven van Teeffelen
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie, et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Microbial Morphogenesis and Growth Lab, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Palaniyappan L, Homan P, Alonso-Sanchez MF. Language Network Dysfunction and Formal Thought Disorder in Schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 2023; 49:486-497. [PMID: 36305160 PMCID: PMC10016399 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbac159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathophysiological inquiries into schizophrenia require a consideration of one of its most defining features: disorganization and impoverishment in verbal behavior. This feature, often captured using the term Formal Thought Disorder (FTD), still remains to be one of the most poorly understood and understudied dimensions of schizophrenia. In particular, the large-scale network level dysfunction that contributes to FTD remains obscure to date. STUDY DESIGN In this narrative review, we consider the various challenges that need to be addressed for us to move towards mapping FTD (construct) to a brain network level account (circuit). STUDY RESULTS The construct-to-circuit mapping goal is now becoming more plausible than it ever was, given the parallel advent of brain stimulation and the tools providing objective readouts of human speech. Notwithstanding this, several challenges remain to be overcome before we can decisively map the neural basis of FTD. We highlight the need for phenotype refinement, robust experimental designs, informed analytical choices, and present plausible targets in and beyond the Language Network for brain stimulation studies in FTD. CONCLUSIONS Developing a therapeutically beneficial pathophysiological model of FTD is a challenging endeavor, but holds the promise of improving interpersonal communication and reducing social disability in schizophrenia. Addressing the issues raised in this review will be a decisive step in this direction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lena Palaniyappan
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Philipp Homan
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maria F Alonso-Sanchez
- Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- CIDCL, Fonoaudiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaiso, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Gharagozloo M, Mace JW, Calabresi PA. Animal models to investigate the effects of inflammation on remyelination in multiple sclerosis. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:995477. [PMID: 36407761 PMCID: PMC9669474 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.995477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory, demyelinating, and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS). In people with MS, impaired remyelination and axonal loss lead to debilitating long-term neurologic deficits. Current MS disease-modifying drugs mainly target peripheral immune cells and have demonstrated little efficacy for neuroprotection or promoting repair. To elucidate the pathological mechanisms and test therapeutic interventions, multiple animal models have been developed to recapitulate specific aspects of MS pathology, particularly the acute inflammatory stage. However, there are few animal models that facilitate the study of remyelination in the presence of inflammation, and none fully replicate the biology of chronic demyelination in MS. In this review, we describe the animal models that have provided insight into the mechanisms underlying demyelination, myelin repair, and potential therapeutic targets for remyelination. We highlight the limitations of studying remyelination in toxin-based demyelination models and discuss the combinatorial models that recapitulate the inflammatory microenvironment, which is now recognized to be a major inhibitor of remyelination mechanisms. These models may be useful in identifying novel therapeutics that promote CNS remyelination in inflammatory diseases such as MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Gharagozloo
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jackson W. Mace
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Peter A. Calabresi
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Lalla KM, Fraser KC, Frei B, Fischer JD, Siegrist J, Ray JD, Cohn-Haft M, Elliott KH. Central-place foraging poses variable constraints year-round in a neotropical migrant. Mov Ecol 2022; 10:39. [PMID: 36127732 PMCID: PMC9487155 DOI: 10.1186/s40462-022-00337-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND "Central-place foragers" are constrained in their habitat selection and foraging range by the frequency with which they need to return to a central place. For example, chick-rearing songbirds that must feed their offspring hourly might be expected to have smaller foraging ranges compared to non-breeding songbirds that return nightly to a roost. METHODS We used GPS units to compare the foraging behaviour of an aerial insectivorous bird, the purple martin (Progne subis), during the breeding season in three regions across North America, as well as the non-breeding season in South America. Specifically, we tested foraging range size and habitat selection. RESULTS Foraging range did not vary among regions during breeding (14.0 ± 39.2 km2) and was larger during the nonbreeding period (8840 ± 8150 km2). Purple martins strongly preferred aquatic habitats to other available habitats year-round and in the Amazon commuted from night roosts in low productivity sediment-poor water, where risk of predation was probably low, to daytime foraging sites in productive sediment-rich water sites. CONCLUSIONS We provide the first estimates for foraging range size in purple martins and demonstrate foraging preference for aquatic habitats throughout two stages of the annual cycle. Understanding foraging constraints and habitat of aerial insectivores may help plan conservation actions throughout their annual cycle. Future research should quantify foraging behaviour during the post-breeding period and during migration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristen M Lalla
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, 21 111 Lakeshore, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, H9X 3V9, Canada.
| | - Kevin C Fraser
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Barbara Frei
- Wildlife Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Montreal, Canada
- McGill Bird Observatory, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Joe Siegrist
- Purple Martin Conservation Association, Erie, PA, USA
| | - James D Ray
- Consolidated Nuclear Security, LLC, U.S. Department of Energy-National Nuclear Security Administration Pantex Plant, Amarillo, TX, 79120, USA
- , 8500 Kemper Road, Canyon, TX, USA
| | - Mario Cohn-Haft
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Kyle H Elliott
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, 21 111 Lakeshore, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, H9X 3V9, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Endevelt-Shapira Y, Djalovski A, Dumas G, Feldman R. Maternal chemosignals enhance infant-adult brain-to-brain synchrony. Sci Adv 2021; 7:eabg6867. [PMID: 34890230 PMCID: PMC8664266 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg6867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Maternal body odors serve as important safety-promoting and social recognition signals, but their role in human brain maturation is largely unknown. Utilizing ecological paradigms and dual- electroencephalography recording, we examined the effects of maternal chemosignals on brain-to-brain synchrony during infant-mother and infant-stranger interactions with and without the presence of maternal body odors. Neural connectivity of right-to-right brain theta synchrony emerged across conditions, sensitizing key nodes of the infant’s social brain during its maturational period. Infant-mother interaction elicited greater brain-to-brain synchrony; however, maternal chemosignals attenuated this difference. Infants exhibited more social attention, positive arousal, and safety/approach behaviors in the maternal chemosignals condition, which augmented infant-stranger neural synchrony. Human mothers use interbrain mechanisms to tune the infant’s social brain, and chemosignals may sustain the transfer of infant sociality from the mother-infant bond to life within social groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaara Endevelt-Shapira
- Center for Developmental Social Neuroscience, The Interdisciplinary Center, Herzliya, Israel
| | - Amir Djalovski
- Center for Developmental Social Neuroscience, The Interdisciplinary Center, Herzliya, Israel
| | - Guillaume Dumas
- Precision Psychiatry and Social Physiology Laboratory, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Human Brain and Behavior Laboratory, Center for Complex Systems and Brain Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | - Ruth Feldman
- Center for Developmental Social Neuroscience, The Interdisciplinary Center, Herzliya, Israel
- Yale University, Child Study Center, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| |
Collapse
|