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Kosgei J, Gimnig JE, Moshi V, Omondi S, McDermott DP, Donnelly MJ, Ouma C, Abong'o B, Ochomo E. Comparison of different trapping methods to collect malaria vectors indoors and outdoors in western Kenya. Malar J 2024; 23:81. [PMID: 38493098 PMCID: PMC10943837 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-024-04907-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vector surveillance is among the World Health Organization global vector control response (2017-2030) pillars. Human landing catches are a gold standard but difficult to implement and potentially expose collectors to malaria infection. Other methods like light traps, pyrethrum spray catches and aspiration are less expensive and less risky to collectors. METHODS Three mosquito sampling methods (UV light traps, CDC light traps and Prokopack aspiration) were evaluated against human landing catches (HLC) in two villages of Rarieda sub-county, Siaya County, Kenya. UV-LTs, CDC-LTs and HLCs were conducted hourly between 17:00 and 07:00. Aspiration was done indoors and outdoors between 07:00 and 11:00 a.m. Analyses of mosquito densities, species abundance and sporozoite infectivity were performed across all sampling methods. Species identification PCR and ELISAs were done for Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles funestus complexes and data analysis was done in R. RESULTS Anopheles mosquitoes sampled from 608 trapping efforts were 5,370 constituting 70.3% Anopheles funestus sensu lato (s.l.), 19.7% Anopheles coustani and 7.2% An. gambiae s.l. 93.8% of An. funestus s.l. were An. funestus sensu stricto (s.s.) and 97.8% of An. gambiae s.l. were Anopheles arabiensis. Only An. funestus were sporozoite positive with 3.1% infection prevalence. Indoors, aspiration captured higher An. funestus (mean = 6.74; RR = 8.83, P < 0.001) then UV-LT (mean = 3.70; RR = 3.97, P < 0.001) and CDC-LT (mean = 1.74; RR = 1.89, P = 0.03) compared to HLC. UV-LT and CDC-LT indoors captured averagely 0.18 An. arabiensis RR = 5.75, P = 0.028 and RR = 5.87, P = 0.028 respectively. Outdoors, UV-LT collected significantly higher Anopheles mosquitoes compared to HLC (An. funestus: RR = 5.18, P < 0.001; An. arabiensis: RR = 15.64, P = 0.009; An. coustani: RR = 11.65, P < 0.001). Anopheles funestus hourly biting indoors in UV-LT and CDC-LT indicated different peaks compared to HLC. CONCLUSIONS Anopheles funestus remains the predominant mosquito species. More mosquitoes were collected using aspiration, CDC-LTs and UV-LTs indoors and UV-LTs and CD-LTs outdoors compared to HLCs. UV-LTs collected more mosquitoes than CDC-LTs. The varied trends observed at different times of the night suggest that these methods collect mosquitoes with diverse activities and care must be taken when interpreting the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackline Kosgei
- Entomology Section, Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, P.O. Box 1578-40100, Kisumu, Kenya.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Maseno University, Maseno, Kenya.
| | - John E Gimnig
- Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA
| | - Vincent Moshi
- Entomology Section, Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, P.O. Box 1578-40100, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Seline Omondi
- Entomology Section, Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, P.O. Box 1578-40100, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Daniel P McDermott
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| | - Martin J Donnelly
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| | - Collins Ouma
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Maseno University, Maseno, Kenya
| | - Bernard Abong'o
- Entomology Section, Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, P.O. Box 1578-40100, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Eric Ochomo
- Entomology Section, Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, P.O. Box 1578-40100, Kisumu, Kenya.
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Omigbodun OO, Ryan GK, Fasoranti B, Chibanda D, Esliker R, Sefasi A, Kakuma R, Shakespeare T, Eaton J. Reprioritising global mental health: psychoses in sub-Saharan Africa. Int J Ment Health Syst 2023; 17:6. [PMID: 36978186 PMCID: PMC10043866 DOI: 10.1186/s13033-023-00574-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Arthur Kleinman's 2009 Lancet commentary described global mental health as a "moral failure of humanity", asserting that priorities should be based not on the epidemiological and utilitarian economic arguments that tend to favour common mental health conditions like mild to moderate depression and anxiety, but rather on the human rights of those in the most vulnerable situations and the suffering that they experience. Yet more than a decade later, people with severe mental health conditions like psychoses are still being left behind. Here, we add to Kleinman's appeal a critical review of the literature on psychoses in sub-Saharan Africa, highlighting contradictions between local evidence and global narratives surrounding the burden of disease, the outcomes of schizophrenia, and the economic costs of mental health conditions. We identify numerous instances where the lack of regionally representative data and other methodological shortcomings undermine the conclusions of international research carried out to inform decision-making. Our findings point to the need not only for more research on psychoses in sub-Saharan Africa, but also for more representation and leadership in the conduct of research and in international priority-setting more broadly-especially by people with lived experience from diverse backgrounds. This paper aims to encourage debate about how this chronically under-resourced field, as part of wider conversations in global mental health, can be reprioritised.
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Affiliation(s)
- O O Omigbodun
- Department of Psychiatry and Centre for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, 200212, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - G K Ryan
- Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Centre for Global Mental Health, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK.
| | - B Fasoranti
- Department of Psychiatry and Centre for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, 200212, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - D Chibanda
- Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Centre for Global Mental Health, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
- Research Support Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Avondale, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - R Esliker
- Mental Health Department, University of Makeni, Lunsar-Makeni Highway, Makeni, Sierra Leone
| | - A Sefasi
- Department of Mental Health, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, P/Bag 360, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - R Kakuma
- Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Centre for Global Mental Health, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - T Shakespeare
- Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, International Centre for Evidence in Disability, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - J Eaton
- Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Centre for Global Mental Health, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
- CBM Global Disability Inclusion, Dr.-Werner-Freyberg-Straβe 7, 69514, Laudenbach, Germany
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