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Solano-Pérez E, Coso C, Castillo-García M, Romero-Peralta S, Lopez-Monzoni S, Laviña E, Cano-Pumarega I, Sánchez-de-la-Torre M, García-Río F, Mediano O. Diagnosis and Treatment of Sleep Apnea in Children: A Future Perspective Is Needed. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1708. [PMID: 37371803 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children is a prevalent, but still, today, underdiagnosed illness, which consists of repetitive episodes of upper airway obstruction during sleep with important repercussions for sleep quality. OSA has relevant consequences in the pediatric population, mainly in the metabolic, cardiovascular (CV), and neurological spheres. However, contrary to adults, advances in diagnostic and therapeutic management have been scarce in the last few years despite the increasing scientific evidence of the deleterious consequences of pediatric OSA. The problem of underdiagnosis and the lack of response to treatment in some groups make an update to the management of OSA in children necessary. Probably, the heterogeneity of OSA is not well represented by the classical clinical presentation and severity parameters (apnea/hypopnea index (AHI)), and new strategies are required. A specific and consensus definition should be established. Additionally, the role of simplified methods in the diagnosis algorithm should be considered. Finally, the search for new biomarkers for risk stratification is needed in this population. In conclusion, new paradigms based on personalized medicine should be implemented in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Solano-Pérez
- Sleep Unit, Pneumology Department, Hospital Universitario de Guadalajara, 19002 Guadalajara, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlota Coso
- Sleep Unit, Pneumology Department, Hospital Universitario de Guadalajara, 19002 Guadalajara, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Castillo-García
- Sleep Unit, Pneumology Department, Hospital Universitario de Guadalajara, 19002 Guadalajara, Spain
- Medicine Department, Universidad de Alcalá, 28805 Madrid, Spain
- Sleep Research Institute, 28036 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sofía Romero-Peralta
- Sleep Unit, Pneumology Department, Hospital Universitario de Guadalajara, 19002 Guadalajara, Spain
- Medicine Department, Universidad de Alcalá, 28805 Madrid, Spain
- Sleep Research Institute, 28036 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia Lopez-Monzoni
- Sleep Unit, Pneumology Department, Hospital Universitario de Guadalajara, 19002 Guadalajara, Spain
| | - Eduardo Laviña
- Sleep Unit, Pneumology Department, Hospital Universitario de Guadalajara, 19002 Guadalajara, Spain
| | - Irene Cano-Pumarega
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Sleep Unit, Pneumology Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Sánchez-de-la-Torre
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Group of Precision Medicine in Chronic Diseases, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova and Santa María, 25198 Lleida, Spain
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), University of Lleida, 25002 Lleida, Spain
| | - Francisco García-Río
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Respiratory Diseases Group, Respiratory Service, Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ, 28046 Madrid, Spain
- Pneumology Department, Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ, 28046 Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Olga Mediano
- Sleep Unit, Pneumology Department, Hospital Universitario de Guadalajara, 19002 Guadalajara, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Medicine Department, Universidad de Alcalá, 28805 Madrid, Spain
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