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Harada S, Gersing AS, Stohldreier Y, Dietrich O, Lechner A, Seissler J, Ferrari U, Pappa E, Hesse N. Associations of gestational diabetes and proton density fat fraction of vertebral bone marrow and paraspinal musculature in premenopausal women. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1303126. [PMID: 38292769 PMCID: PMC10824991 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1303126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and objective Fat content in bones and muscles, quantified by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a proton density fat fraction (PDFF) value, is an emerging non-invasive biomarker. PDFF has been proposed to indicate bone and metabolic health among postmenopausal women. Premenopausal women with a history of gestational diabetes (GDM) carry an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes and an increased risk of fractures. However, no studies have investigated the associations between a history of GDM and PDFF of bone or of paraspinal musculature (PSM), composed of autochthonous muscle (AM) and psoas muscle, which are responsible for moving and stabilizing the spine. This study aims to investigate whether PDFF of vertebral bone marrow and of PSM are associated with a history of GDM in premenopausal women. Methods A total of 37 women (mean age 36.3 ± 3.8 years) who were 6 to 15 months postpartum with (n=19) and without (n=18) a history of GDM underwent whole-body 3T MRI, including a chemical shift encoding-based water-fat separation. The PDFF maps were calculated for the vertebral bodies and PSM. The cross-sectional area (CSA) of PSM was obtained. Associations between a history of GDM and PDFF were assessed using multivariable linear and logistic regression models. Results The PDFF of the vertebral bodies was significantly higher in women with a history of GDM (GDM group) than in women without (thoracic: median 41.55 (interquartile range 32.21-49.48)% vs. 31.75 (30.03-34.97)%; p=0.02, lumbar: 47.84 (39.19-57.58)% vs. 36.93 (33.36-41.31)%; p=0.02). The results remained significant after adjustment for age and body mass index (BMI) (p=0.01-0.02). The receiver operating characteristic curves showed optimal thoracic and lumbar vertebral PDFF cutoffs at 38.10% and 44.18%, respectively, to differentiate GDM (AUC 0.72 and 0.73, respectively, sensitivity 0.58, specificity 0.89). The PDFF of the AM was significantly higher in the GDM group (12.99 (12.18-15.90)% vs. 10.83 (9.39-14.71)%; p=0.04) without adjustments, while the CSA was similar between the groups (p=0.34). Conclusion A history of GDM is significantly associated with a higher PDFF of the vertebral bone marrow, independent of age and BMI. This statistical association between GDM and increased PDFF highlights vertebral bone marrow PDFF as a potential biomarker for the assessment of bone health in premenopausal women at risk of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saori Harada
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Diabetes Zentrum - Campus Innenstadt, LMU Klinikum, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology (IBE), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Pettenkofer School of Public Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexandra S. Gersing
- Department of Neuroradiology, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Yannick Stohldreier
- Department of Neuroradiology, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Olaf Dietrich
- Department of Radiology, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Lechner
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Diabetes Zentrum - Campus Innenstadt, LMU Klinikum, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jochen Seissler
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Diabetes Zentrum - Campus Innenstadt, LMU Klinikum, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Uta Ferrari
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Diabetes Zentrum - Campus Innenstadt, LMU Klinikum, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Eleni Pappa
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Diabetes Zentrum - Campus Innenstadt, LMU Klinikum, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Nina Hesse
- Department of Radiology, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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Cota P, Saber L, Taskin D, Jing C, Bastidas-Ponce A, Vanheusden M, Shahryari A, Sterr M, Burtscher I, Bakhti M, Lickert H. NEUROD2 function is dispensable for human pancreatic β cell specification. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1286590. [PMID: 37955006 PMCID: PMC10634430 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1286590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The molecular programs regulating human pancreatic endocrine cell induction and fate allocation are not well deciphered. Here, we investigated the spatiotemporal expression pattern and the function of the neurogenic differentiation factor 2 (NEUROD2) during human endocrinogenesis. Methods Using Crispr-Cas9 gene editing, we generated a reporter knock-in transcription factor (TF) knock-out human inducible pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line in which the open reading frame of both NEUROD2 alleles are replaced by a nuclear histone 2B-Venus reporter (NEUROD2nVenus/nVenus). Results We identified a transient expression of NEUROD2 mRNA and its nuclear Venus reporter activity at the stage of human endocrine progenitor formation in an iPSC differentiation model. This expression profile is similar to what was previously reported in mice, uncovering an evolutionarily conserved gene expression pattern of NEUROD2 during endocrinogenesis. In vitro differentiation of the generated homozygous NEUROD2nVenus/nVenus iPSC line towards human endocrine lineages uncovered no significant impact upon the loss of NEUROD2 on endocrine cell induction. Moreover, analysis of endocrine cell specification revealed no striking changes in the generation of insulin-producing b cells and glucagon-secreting a cells upon lack of NEUROD2. Discussion Overall, our results suggest that NEUROD2 is expendable for human b cell formation in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perla Cota
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Lama Saber
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Damla Taskin
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Changying Jing
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Munich Medical Research School (MMRS), Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Aimée Bastidas-Ponce
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Matthew Vanheusden
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Alireza Shahryari
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael Sterr
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ingo Burtscher
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Mostafa Bakhti
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Heiko Lickert
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
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Kreft L, Schepers A, Hils M, Swiontek K, Flatley A, Janowski R, Mirzaei MK, Dittmar M, Chakrapani N, Desai MS, Eyerich S, Deng L, Niessing D, Fischer K, Feederle R, Blank S, Schmidt-Weber CB, Hilger C, Biedermann T, Ohnmacht C. A novel monoclonal IgG1 antibody specific for Galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose questions alpha-Gal epitope expression by bacteria. Front Immunol 2022; 13:958952. [PMID: 35990627 PMCID: PMC9391071 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.958952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The alpha-Gal epitope (α-Gal) with the determining element galactose-α1,3-galactose can lead to clinically relevant allergic reactions and rejections in xenotransplantation. These immune reactions can develop because humans are devoid of this carbohydrate due to evolutionary loss of the enzyme α1,3-galactosyltransferase (GGTA1). In addition, up to 1% of human IgG antibodies are directed against α-Gal, but the stimulus for the induction of anti-α-Gal antibodies is still unclear. Commensal bacteria have been suggested as a causal factor for this induction as α-Gal binding tools such as lectins were found to stain cultivated bacteria isolated from the intestinal tract. Currently available tools for the detection of the definite α-Gal epitope, however, are cross-reactive, or have limited affinity and, hence, offer restricted possibilities for application. In this study, we describe a novel monoclonal IgG1 antibody (27H8) specific for the α-Gal epitope. The 27H8 antibody was generated by immunization of Ggta1 knockout mice and displays a high affinity towards synthetic and naturally occurring α-Gal in various applications. Using this novel tool, we found that intestinal bacteria reported to be α-Gal positive cannot be stained with 27H8 questioning whether commensal bacteria express the native α-Gal epitope at all.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Kreft
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM) and Institute of Allergy Research, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, and Helmholtz Center Munich, Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Aloys Schepers
- Monoclonal Antibody Core Facility, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Miriam Hils
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Biederstein, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kyra Swiontek
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Andrew Flatley
- Monoclonal Antibody Core Facility, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Robert Janowski
- Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Mohammadali Khan Mirzaei
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Prevention of Microbial Diseases, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Michael Dittmar
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM) and Institute of Allergy Research, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, and Helmholtz Center Munich, Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Neera Chakrapani
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Mahesh S. Desai
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis, Department of Dermatology and Allergy Center, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Stefanie Eyerich
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM) and Institute of Allergy Research, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, and Helmholtz Center Munich, Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Li Deng
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Prevention of Microbial Diseases, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Dierk Niessing
- Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Konrad Fischer
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Regina Feederle
- Monoclonal Antibody Core Facility, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Simon Blank
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM) and Institute of Allergy Research, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, and Helmholtz Center Munich, Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Carsten B. Schmidt-Weber
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM) and Institute of Allergy Research, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, and Helmholtz Center Munich, Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Christiane Hilger
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Tilo Biedermann
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Biederstein, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Caspar Ohnmacht
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM) and Institute of Allergy Research, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, and Helmholtz Center Munich, Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Caspar Ohnmacht,
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Keilen J, Gar C, Rottenkolber M, Fueessl L, Joseph AT, Draenert R, Seissler J, Lechner A. No association of natural killer cell number and function in peripheral blood with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome in a cohort of young women. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15148. [PMID: 35179822 PMCID: PMC8855889 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To reexamine the associations of NK cell number and function in the peripheral blood with overweight/obesity and the metabolic syndrome in a large, well-phenotyped human cohort. METHODS Cross-sectional analysis of 273 women in the PPSDiab Study; measurement of absolute and relative number of NK cells in peripheral blood, and of functional parameters CD69 positivity and cytotoxicity against K562 cells; group comparison of NK cell characteristics between lean, overweight, and obese participants, as well as metabolic syndrome scores of 0, 1, 2, and ≥3; Spearman correlation analyses to clinical parameters related to the metabolic syndrome. RESULTS We found no differences in NK cell number and function between lean, overweight, and obese women (relative NK cell number (median (Q1-Q3), [%]) 5.1(2.6-9.4) vs. 4.8 (2.9-8.4) vs. 3.8 (1.7-7.8), p = 0.187; absolute NK cell number [106 /L]: 86.9 (44.6-188.8) vs. 92.6 (52.5-154.6) vs. 85.9 (44-153.8), p = 0.632; CD69+ [%]: 27.2 (12.9-44.3) vs. 37.6 (13.2-52.8) vs. 33.6 (16.3-45), p = 0.136; cytotoxicity [%]: 11.0 (7.1-14.5) vs. 8.5 (6.4-13.2) vs. 11.3 (8.7-14.2), p = 0.094), as well as between different metabolic syndrome scores. Nonesterified fatty acids correlated with absolute and relative NK cell number and cytotoxicity (ρ [p-value]: 0.142 [0.021], 0.119 [0.049], and 0.131 [0.035], respectively). Relative NK cell number further correlated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (0.144 [0.018]) and cytotoxicity with 2 h glucose in oral glucose tolerance testing (0.132 [0.034]). CD69 positivity correlated with body fat (0.141 [0.021]), triglycerides (0.129 [0.033]), and plasma leptin (0.155 [0.010]). After correction for multiple testing, none of the associations remained significant. CONCLUSION In the present study, we observed no associations of NK cell number and function in the peripheral blood with overweight/obesity and the metabolic syndrome. Extreme phenotypes of obesity and the metabolic syndrome might have caused differing results in previous studies. Further analyses with a focus on compartments other than peripheral blood may help to clarify the relation between NK cells and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Keilen
- Diabetes Research GroupDepartment of Medicine IVUniversity HospitalLMU MunichMunichGermany
- Clinical Cooperation Group DiabetesLudwig‐Maximilians‐Universität München and Helmholtz Zentrum MünchenMunichGermany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD)München‐NeuherbergGermany
| | - Christina Gar
- Diabetes Research GroupDepartment of Medicine IVUniversity HospitalLMU MunichMunichGermany
- Clinical Cooperation Group DiabetesLudwig‐Maximilians‐Universität München and Helmholtz Zentrum MünchenMunichGermany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD)München‐NeuherbergGermany
| | - Marietta Rottenkolber
- Diabetes Research GroupDepartment of Medicine IVUniversity HospitalLMU MunichMunichGermany
- Clinical Cooperation Group DiabetesLudwig‐Maximilians‐Universität München and Helmholtz Zentrum MünchenMunichGermany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD)München‐NeuherbergGermany
| | - Louise U. Fueessl
- Diabetes Research GroupDepartment of Medicine IVUniversity HospitalLMU MunichMunichGermany
- Clinical Cooperation Group DiabetesLudwig‐Maximilians‐Universität München and Helmholtz Zentrum MünchenMunichGermany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD)München‐NeuherbergGermany
| | - Anna T. Joseph
- Diabetes Research GroupDepartment of Medicine IVUniversity HospitalLMU MunichMunichGermany
- Clinical Cooperation Group DiabetesLudwig‐Maximilians‐Universität München and Helmholtz Zentrum MünchenMunichGermany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD)München‐NeuherbergGermany
| | - Rika Draenert
- Stabsstelle Antibiotic StewardshipLMU Klinikum MunichMunichGermany
| | - Jochen Seissler
- Diabetes Research GroupDepartment of Medicine IVUniversity HospitalLMU MunichMunichGermany
- Clinical Cooperation Group DiabetesLudwig‐Maximilians‐Universität München and Helmholtz Zentrum MünchenMunichGermany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD)München‐NeuherbergGermany
| | - Andreas Lechner
- Diabetes Research GroupDepartment of Medicine IVUniversity HospitalLMU MunichMunichGermany
- Clinical Cooperation Group DiabetesLudwig‐Maximilians‐Universität München and Helmholtz Zentrum MünchenMunichGermany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD)München‐NeuherbergGermany
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