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Jiang FL, Jeong DH, Eom SH, Lee HM, Cha BJ, Park JS, Kwon R, Nam JY, Yu HS, Heo SH, Kim CH, Song KH. Effects of Enteric-Coated Formulation of Sodium Bicarbonate on Bicarbonate Absorption and Gastrointestinal Discomfort. Nutrients 2024; 16:744. [PMID: 38474872 PMCID: PMC10933797 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Sodium bicarbonate is used as an ergogenic supplement to enhance people's performances in various exercises. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of intestinal delivery of sodium bicarbonate on bicarbonate absorption and associated side effects in an experimental human trial. After preparing and assessing enteric-coated and uncoated sodium bicarbonate tablet formulations, pharmacokinetic analysis and gastrointestinal symptom tests were performed after oral administration in the human body. The dose required to increase blood bicarbonate concentration over 5 mmol∙L-1 for the purpose of improving performance during high-intensity exercise was also determined. Enteric-coated tablet formulation protects sodium bicarbonate under acidic conditions and releases bicarbonate in the intestine. Enteric-coated tablet formulation also reduced the oral dose required to achieve a blood bicarbonate concentration over 5 mmol∙L-1 from 300 mg∙kg-1 of uncoated tablet formulation to 225 mg∙kg-1. Gastrointestinal discomfort was significantly decreased for the group given 225 mg∙kg-1 enteric-coated tablets compared to that given 300 mg∙kg-1 uncoated tablets. These results suggest that enteric-coated tablet formulation could reduce the oral dose required in order to achieve a blood bicarbonate concentration over 5 mmol∙L-1 by 25%, from 300 mg∙kg-1 to 225 mg∙kg-1, along with its ability to reduce gastrointestinal discomfort associated with the dosage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Lin Jiang
- National Traditional Sports Teaching and Research Section of Hunan Province, College of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410012, China
| | - Dong-Ho Jeong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea
- R&D Center, Jinyang Pharm. Co., Ltd., Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Ho Eom
- Department of Sports Medicine, College of Natural Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Moon Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Jin Cha
- R&D Center, Jinyang Pharm. Co., Ltd., Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Seong Park
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - RyoonKyoung Kwon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Yeon Nam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Seon Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Hak Heo
- Department of Medicinal Bioscience, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Hyun Kim
- Department of Sports Medicine, College of Natural Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Keon-Hyoung Song
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea
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