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Daneshvarhashjin N, Debeer P, Innocenti B, Verhaegen F, Scheys L. Covariations between scapular shape and bone density in B-glenoids: A statistical shape and density modeling-approach. J Orthop Res 2024; 42:923-933. [PMID: 37997511 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
B-type glenoids are characterized by posterior humeral head migration and/or bony-erosion-induced glenoid retroversion. Patients with this type of osteoarthritic glenoids are known to be at increased risk of glenoid component loosening after anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty (aTSA). One of the main challenges in B glenoid surgical planning is to find a balance between correcting the bony shape and maintaining the quality of the bone support. This study aims to systematically quantify variabilities in terms of scapular morphology and bone mineral density in patients with B glenoids and to identify patterns of covariation between these two features. Using computed tomography scan images of 62 patients, three-dimensional scapular surface models were constructed. Rigid and nonrigid surface registration of the scapular surfaces, followed by volumetric registration and material mapping, enabled us to develop statistical shape model (SSM) and statistical density model (SDM). Partial least square correlation (PLSC) was used to identify patterns of covariation. The developed SSM and SDM represented 85.9% and 56.6% of variabilities in terms of scapular morphology and bone density, respectively. PLSC identified four modes of covariation, explaining 66.0% of the correlation between these two variations. Covariation of posterior-inferior glenoid erosion with posterior sclerotic bone formation in association with reduction of bone density in the anterior and central part of the glenoid was detected as the primary mode of covariation. Identification of these asymmetrical distribution of bone density can inform us about possible reasons behind glenoid component loosening in B glenoids and surgical guidelines in terms of the compromise between bony shape correction and bone support quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin Daneshvarhashjin
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Institute for Orthopaedic Research and Training (IORT), Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Philippe Debeer
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Institute for Orthopaedic Research and Training (IORT), Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Division of Orthopaedics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bernardo Innocenti
- BEAMS Department (Bio Electro and Mechanical Systems), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussel, Belgium
| | - Filip Verhaegen
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Institute for Orthopaedic Research and Training (IORT), Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Division of Orthopaedics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lennart Scheys
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Institute for Orthopaedic Research and Training (IORT), Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Division of Orthopaedics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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van Buuren MMA, Riedstra NS, van den Berg MA, Boel FDEM, Ahedi H, Arbabi V, Arden NK, Bierma-Zeinstra SMA, Boer CG, Cicuttini F, Cootes TF, Crossley K, Felson D, Gielis WP, Heerey J, Jones G, Kluzek S, Lane NE, Lindner C, Lynch JA, Van Meurs J, Mosler AB, Nelson AE, Nevitt M, Oei E, Runhaar J, Tang J, Weinans H, Agricola R. Cohort profile: Worldwide Collaboration on OsteoArthritis prediCtion for the Hip (World COACH) - an international consortium of prospective cohort studies with individual participant data on hip osteoarthritis. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e077907. [PMID: 38637130 PMCID: PMC11029301 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-077907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Hip osteoarthritis (OA) is a major cause of pain and disability worldwide. Lack of effective therapies may reflect poor knowledge on its aetiology and risk factors, and result in the management of end-stage hip OA with costly joint replacement. The Worldwide Collaboration on OsteoArthritis prediCtion for the Hip (World COACH) consortium was established to pool and harmonise individual participant data from prospective cohort studies. The consortium aims to better understand determinants and risk factors for the development and progression of hip OA, to optimise and automate methods for (imaging) analysis, and to develop a personalised prediction model for hip OA. PARTICIPANTS World COACH aimed to include participants of prospective cohort studies with ≥200 participants, that have hip imaging data available from at least 2 time points at least 4 years apart. All individual participant data, including clinical data, imaging (data), biochemical markers, questionnaires and genetic data, were collected and pooled into a single, individual-level database. FINDINGS TO DATE World COACH currently consists of 9 cohorts, with 38 021 participants aged 18-80 years at baseline. Overall, 71% of the participants were women and mean baseline age was 65.3±8.6 years. Over 34 000 participants had baseline pelvic radiographs available, and over 22 000 had an additional pelvic radiograph after 8-12 years of follow-up. Even longer radiographic follow-up (15-25 years) is available for over 6000 of these participants. FUTURE PLANS The World COACH consortium offers unique opportunities for studies on the relationship between determinants/risk factors and the development or progression of hip OA, by using harmonised data on clinical findings, imaging, biomarkers, genetics and lifestyle. This provides a unique opportunity to develop a personalised hip OA risk prediction model and to optimise methods for imaging analysis of the hip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiel M A van Buuren
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, Netherlands
| | - Noortje S Riedstra
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, Netherlands
| | - Myrthe A van den Berg
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, Netherlands
| | - Fleur D E M Boel
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, Netherlands
| | - Harbeer Ahedi
- Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania Menzies, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Vahid Arbabi
- Department of Orthopedics, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Orthopaedic-Biomechanics Research Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
| | - Nigel K Arden
- Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford Nuffield, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | | | - Cindy G Boer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, Netherlands
| | - Flavia Cicuttini
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventative Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Timothy F Cootes
- Centre for Imaging Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Kay Crossley
- La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, La Trobe University School of Allied Health Human Services and Sport, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Felson
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Willem Paul Gielis
- Department of Orthopedics, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Radiology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Joshua Heerey
- La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, La Trobe University School of Allied Health Human Services and Sport, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Graeme Jones
- Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania Menzies, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Stefan Kluzek
- Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford Nuffield, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Nancy E Lane
- Department of Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Claudia Lindner
- Centre for Imaging Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - John A Lynch
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - J Van Meurs
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, Netherlands
| | - Andrea B Mosler
- La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, La Trobe University School of Allied Health Human Services and Sport, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amanda E Nelson
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - M Nevitt
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Edwin Oei
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, Netherlands
| | - Jos Runhaar
- Department of General Practice, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, Netherlands
| | - Jinchi Tang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, Netherlands
| | - Harrie Weinans
- Department of Orthopedics, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, TU Delft, Delft, Zuid-Holland, Netherlands
| | - Rintje Agricola
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, Netherlands
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Fois M, Zengin A, Song K, Giselbrecht S, Habibović P, Truckenmüller RK, van Rijt S, Tahmasebi Birgani ZN. Nanofunctionalized Microparticles for Glucose Delivery in Three-Dimensional Cell Assemblies. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024; 16:17347-17360. [PMID: 38561903 PMCID: PMC11009907 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c02321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) cell assemblies, such as multicellular spheroids, can be powerful biological tools to closely mimic the complexity of cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions in a native-like microenvironment. However, potential applications of large spheroids are limited by the insufficient diffusion of oxygen and nutrients through the spheroids and, thus, result in the formation of a necrotic core. To overcome this drawback, we present a new strategy based on nanoparticle-coated microparticles. In this study, microparticles function as synthetic centers to regulate the diffusion of small molecules, such as oxygen and nutrients, within human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) spheroids. The nanoparticle coating on the microparticle surface acts as a nutrient reservoir to release glucose locally within the spheroids. We first coated the surface of the poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microparticles with mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) based on electrostatic interactions and then formed cell-nanofunctionalized microparticle spheroids. Next, we investigated the stability of the MSN coating on the microparticles' surface during 14 days of incubation in cell culture medium at 37 °C. Then, we evaluated the influence of MSN-coated PLGA microparticles on spheroid aggregation and cell viability. Our results showed the formation of homogeneous spheroids with good cell viability. As a proof of concept, fluorescently labeled glucose (2-NBD glucose) was loaded into the MSNs at different concentrations, and the release behavior was monitored. For cell culture studies, glucose was loaded into the MSNs coated onto the PLGA microparticles to sustain local nutrient release within the hMSC spheroids. In vitro results demonstrated that the local delivery of glucose from MSNs enhanced the cell viability in spheroids during a short-term hypoxic culture. Taken together, the newly developed nanofunctionalized microparticle-based delivery system may offer a versatile platform for local delivery of small molecules within 3D cellular assemblies and, thus, improve cell viability in spheroids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ke Song
- Department of Instructive
Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired
Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Giselbrecht
- Department of Instructive
Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired
Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Pamela Habibović
- Department of Instructive
Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired
Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Roman K. Truckenmüller
- Department of Instructive
Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired
Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Wittens MMJ, Allemeersch GJ, Sima DM, Vanderhasselt T, Raeymaeckers S, Fransen E, Smeets D, de Mey J, Bjerke M, Engelborghs S. Towards validation in clinical routine: a comparative analysis of visual MTA ratings versus the automated ratio between inferior lateral ventricle and hippocampal volumes in Alzheimer's disease diagnosis. Neuroradiology 2024; 66:487-506. [PMID: 38240767 PMCID: PMC10937807 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-024-03280-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the performance of the inferior lateral ventricle (ILV) to hippocampal (Hip) volume ratio on brain MRI, for Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnostics, comparing it to individual automated ILV and hippocampal volumes, and visual medial temporal lobe atrophy (MTA) consensus ratings. METHODS One-hundred-twelve subjects (mean age ± SD, 66.85 ± 13.64 years) with varying degrees of cognitive decline underwent MRI using a Philips Ingenia 3T. The MTA scale by Scheltens, rated on coronal 3D T1-weighted images, was determined by three experienced radiologists, blinded to diagnosis and sex. Automated volumetry was computed by icobrain dm (v. 5.10) for total, left, right hippocampal, and ILV volumes. The ILV/Hip ratio, defined as the percentage ratio between ILV and hippocampal volumes, was calculated and compared against a normative reference population (n = 1903). Inter-rater agreement, association, classification accuracy, and clinical interpretability on patient level were reported. RESULTS Visual MTA scores showed excellent inter-rater agreement. Ordinal logistic regression and correlation analyses demonstrated robust associations between automated brain segmentations and visual MTA ratings, with the ILV/Hip ratio consistently outperforming individual hippocampal and ILV volumes. Pairwise classification accuracy showed good performance without statistically significant differences between the ILV/Hip ratio and visual MTA across disease stages, indicating potential interchangeability. Comparison to the normative population and clinical interpretability assessments showed commensurability in classifying MTA "severity" between visual MTA and ILV/Hip ratio measurements. CONCLUSION The ILV/Hip ratio shows the highest correlation to visual MTA, in comparison to automated individual ILV and hippocampal volumes, offering standardized measures for diagnostic support in different stages of cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy M J Wittens
- Dept. of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
- Dept. of Neurology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Av. du Laerbeek 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gert-Jan Allemeersch
- Dept. of Radiology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Av. du Laerbeek 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Diana M Sima
- Icometrix, Kolonel Begaultlaan 1b, 3012, Leuven, Belgium
- AI Supported Modelling in Clinical Sciences (AIMS), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tim Vanderhasselt
- Dept. of Radiology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Av. du Laerbeek 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Steven Raeymaeckers
- Dept. of Radiology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Av. du Laerbeek 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Erik Fransen
- StatUa Center for Statistics, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Dirk Smeets
- Icometrix, Kolonel Begaultlaan 1b, 3012, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johan de Mey
- Dept. of Radiology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Av. du Laerbeek 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maria Bjerke
- Dept. of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
- NEUR (Neuroprotection & Neuromodulation), Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Av. du Laerbeek 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Dept. of Clinical Chemistry, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Av. du Laerbeek 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sebastiaan Engelborghs
- Dept. of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
- Dept. of Neurology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Av. du Laerbeek 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
- NEUR (Neuroprotection & Neuromodulation), Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Av. du Laerbeek 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
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Giacomini F, Baião Barata D, Suk Rho H, Tahmasebi Birgani Z, van Blitterswijk C, Giselbrecht S, Truckenmüller R, Habibović P. Microfluidically Aligned Collagen to Maintain the Phenotype of Tenocytes In Vitro. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2303672. [PMID: 37902084 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Tendon is a highly organized tissue that transmits forces between muscle and bone. The architecture of the extracellular matrix of tendon, predominantly from collagen type I, is important for maintaining tenocyte phenotype and function. Therefore, in repair and regeneration of damaged and diseased tendon tissue, it is crucial to restore the aligned arrangement of the collagen type I fibers of the original matrix. To this end, a novel, user-friendly microfluidic piggyback platform is developed allowing the controlled patterned formation and alignment of collagen fibers simply on the bottom of culture dishes. Rat tenocytes cultured on the micropatterns of aligned fibrous collagen exhibit a more elongated morphology. The cells also show an increased expression of tenogenic markers at the gene and protein level compared to tenocytes cultured on tissue culture plastic or non-fibrillar collagen coatings. Moreover, using imprinted polystyrene replicas of aligned collagen fibers, this work shows that the fibrillar structure of collagen per se affects the tenocyte morphology, whereas the biochemical nature of collagen plays a prominent role in the expression of tenogenic markers. Beyond the controlled provision of aligned collagen, the microfluidic platform can aid in developing more physiologically relevant in vitro models of tendon and its regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Giacomini
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, Maastricht, 6229 ER, The Netherlands
| | - David Baião Barata
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, Maastricht, 6229 ER, The Netherlands
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, Lisbon, 1649-028, Portugal
| | - Hoon Suk Rho
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, Maastricht, 6229 ER, The Netherlands
| | - Zeinab Tahmasebi Birgani
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, Maastricht, 6229 ER, The Netherlands
| | - Clemens van Blitterswijk
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, Maastricht, 6229 ER, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Giselbrecht
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, Maastricht, 6229 ER, The Netherlands
| | - Roman Truckenmüller
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, Maastricht, 6229 ER, The Netherlands
| | - Pamela Habibović
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, Maastricht, 6229 ER, The Netherlands
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Vanherle S, Guns J, Loix M, Mingneau F, Dierckx T, Wouters F, Kuipers K, Vangansewinkel T, Wolfs E, Lins PP, Bronckaers A, Lambrichts I, Dehairs J, Swinnen JV, Verberk SGS, Haidar M, Hendriks JJA, Bogie JFJ. Extracellular vesicle-associated cholesterol supports the regenerative functions of macrophages in the brain. J Extracell Vesicles 2023; 12:e12394. [PMID: 38124258 PMCID: PMC10733568 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play major roles in the pathophysiology of various neurological disorders, being involved in seemingly opposing processes such as lesion progression and resolution. Yet, the molecular mechanisms that drive their harmful and benign effector functions remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by repair-associated macrophages (RAMs) enhance remyelination ex vivo and in vivo by promoting the differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). Guided by lipidomic analysis and applying cholesterol depletion and enrichment strategies, we find that EVs released by RAMs show markedly elevated cholesterol levels and that cholesterol abundance controls their reparative impact on OPC maturation and remyelination. Mechanistically, EV-associated cholesterol was found to promote OPC differentiation predominantly through direct membrane fusion. Collectively, our findings highlight that EVs are essential for cholesterol trafficking in the brain and that changes in cholesterol abundance support the reparative impact of EVs released by macrophages in the brain, potentially having broad implications for therapeutic strategies aimed at promoting repair in neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Vanherle
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research InstituteHasselt UniversityDiepenbeekBelgium
- University MS Center HasseltPeltBelgium
| | - Jeroen Guns
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research InstituteHasselt UniversityDiepenbeekBelgium
- University MS Center HasseltPeltBelgium
| | - Melanie Loix
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research InstituteHasselt UniversityDiepenbeekBelgium
- University MS Center HasseltPeltBelgium
| | - Fleur Mingneau
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research InstituteHasselt UniversityDiepenbeekBelgium
- University MS Center HasseltPeltBelgium
| | - Tess Dierckx
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research InstituteHasselt UniversityDiepenbeekBelgium
- University MS Center HasseltPeltBelgium
| | - Flore Wouters
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research InstituteHasselt UniversityDiepenbeekBelgium
- University MS Center HasseltPeltBelgium
| | - Koen Kuipers
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research InstituteHasselt UniversityDiepenbeekBelgium
- University MS Center HasseltPeltBelgium
| | - Tim Vangansewinkel
- Department of Cardio and Organs Systems, Biomedical Research InstituteHasselt UniversityDiepenbeekBelgium
- VIB, Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of NeurobiologyUniversity of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Esther Wolfs
- Department of Cardio and Organs Systems, Biomedical Research InstituteHasselt UniversityDiepenbeekBelgium
| | - Paula Pincela Lins
- Department of Cardio and Organs Systems, Biomedical Research InstituteHasselt UniversityDiepenbeekBelgium
- Health DepartmentFlemish Institute for Technological ResearchMolBelgium
| | - Annelies Bronckaers
- Department of Cardio and Organs Systems, Biomedical Research InstituteHasselt UniversityDiepenbeekBelgium
| | - Ivo Lambrichts
- Department of Cardio and Organs Systems, Biomedical Research InstituteHasselt UniversityDiepenbeekBelgium
| | - Jonas Dehairs
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, Leuven Cancer InstituteUniversity of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Johannes V. Swinnen
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, Leuven Cancer InstituteUniversity of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Sanne G. S. Verberk
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research InstituteHasselt UniversityDiepenbeekBelgium
- University MS Center HasseltPeltBelgium
| | - Mansour Haidar
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research InstituteHasselt UniversityDiepenbeekBelgium
- University MS Center HasseltPeltBelgium
| | - Jerome J. A. Hendriks
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research InstituteHasselt UniversityDiepenbeekBelgium
- University MS Center HasseltPeltBelgium
| | - Jeroen F. J. Bogie
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research InstituteHasselt UniversityDiepenbeekBelgium
- University MS Center HasseltPeltBelgium
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