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Sadhu RK, Luciano M, Xi W, Martinez-Torres C, Schröder M, Blum C, Tarantola M, Villa S, Penič S, Iglič A, Beta C, Steinbock O, Bodenschatz E, Ladoux B, Gabriele S, Gov NS. A minimal physical model for curvotaxis driven by curved protein complexes at the cell's leading edge. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2306818121. [PMID: 38489386 PMCID: PMC10963004 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2306818121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Cells often migrate on curved surfaces inside the body, such as curved tissues, blood vessels, or highly curved protrusions of other cells. Recent in vitro experiments provide clear evidence that motile cells are affected by the curvature of the substrate on which they migrate, preferring certain curvatures to others, termed "curvotaxis." The origin and underlying mechanism that gives rise to this curvature sensitivity are not well understood. Here, we employ a "minimal cell" model which is composed of a vesicle that contains curved membrane protein complexes, that exert protrusive forces on the membrane (representing the pressure due to actin polymerization). This minimal-cell model gives rise to spontaneous emergence of a motile phenotype, driven by a lamellipodia-like leading edge. By systematically screening the behavior of this model on different types of curved substrates (sinusoidal, cylinder, and tube), we show that minimal ingredients and energy terms capture the experimental data. The model recovers the observed migration on the sinusoidal substrate, where cells move along the grooves (minima), while avoiding motion along the ridges. In addition, the model predicts the tendency of cells to migrate circumferentially on convex substrates and axially on concave ones. Both of these predictions are verified experimentally, on several cell types. Altogether, our results identify the minimization of membrane-substrate adhesion energy and binding energy between the membrane protein complexes as key players of curvotaxis in cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Kumar Sadhu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot7610001, Israel
| | - Marine Luciano
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva4 CH-1211, Switzerland
- Mechanobiology & Biomaterials Group, Research Institute for Biosciences, Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers, University of Mons, MonsB-7000, Belgium
| | - Wang Xi
- Universite Paris Cite, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, ParisF-75013, France
| | | | - Marcel Schröder
- Department of Fluid Physics, Pattern Formation and Biocomplexity, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Göttingen37077, Germany
| | - Christoph Blum
- Department of Fluid Physics, Pattern Formation and Biocomplexity, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Göttingen37077, Germany
| | - Marco Tarantola
- Department of Fluid Physics, Pattern Formation and Biocomplexity, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Göttingen37077, Germany
| | - Stefano Villa
- Department of Fluid Physics, Pattern Formation and Biocomplexity, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Göttingen37077, Germany
| | - Samo Penič
- Laboratory of Physics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana1000, Slovenia
| | - Aleš Iglič
- Laboratory of Physics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana1000, Slovenia
| | - Carsten Beta
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Potsdam14476, Germany
- Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa920-1192, Japan
| | - Oliver Steinbock
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL32306-4390
| | - Eberhard Bodenschatz
- Department of Fluid Physics, Pattern Formation and Biocomplexity, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Göttingen37077, Germany
| | - Benoît Ladoux
- Universite Paris Cite, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, ParisF-75013, France
| | - Sylvain Gabriele
- Mechanobiology & Biomaterials Group, Research Institute for Biosciences, Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers, University of Mons, MonsB-7000, Belgium
| | - Nir S. Gov
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot7610001, Israel
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