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Golderman V, Shavit-Stein E, Tamarin I, Rosman Y, Shrot S, Rosenberg N, Maggio N, Chapman J, Eisenkraft A. The Organophosphate Paraoxon and Its Antidote Obidoxime Inhibit Thrombin Activity and Affect Coagulation In Vitro. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163787. [PMID: 27689805 PMCID: PMC5045196 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Organophosphates (OPs) are potentially able to affect serine proteases by reacting with their active site. The potential effects of OPs on coagulation factors such as thrombin and on coagulation tests have been only partially characterized and potential interactions with OPs antidotes such as oximes and muscarinic blockers have not been addressed. In the current study, we investigated the in vitro interactions between coagulation, thrombin, the OP paraoxon, and its antidotes obidoxime and atropine. The effects of these substances on thrombin activity were measured in a fluorescent substrate and on coagulation by standard tests. Both paraoxon and obidoxime but not atropine significantly inhibited thrombin activity, and prolonged prothrombin time, thrombin time, and partial thromboplastin time. When paraoxon and obidoxime were combined, a significant synergistic effect was found on both thrombin activity and coagulation tests. In conclusion, paraoxon and obidoxime affect thrombin activity and consequently alter the function of the coagulation system. Similar interactions may be clinically relevant for coagulation pathways in the blood and possibly in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery Golderman
- Laboratory for Neurological Research, Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel
| | - Efrat Shavit-Stein
- Department of Neurology, the Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel
| | - Ilia Tamarin
- Department of Hematology, Coagulation Laboratory, Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel
| | - Yossi Rosman
- Surgeon General Headquarters, Israel Defense Force Medical Corps, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shai Shrot
- Surgeon General Headquarters, Israel Defense Force Medical Corps, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Department of radiology, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Nurit Rosenberg
- Department of Hematology, Coagulation Laboratory, Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel
| | - Nicola Maggio
- Department of Neurology, the Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel
- Department of Neurology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Joab Chapman
- Department of Neurology, the Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel
- Department of Neurology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Robert and Martha Harden Chair in Mental and Neurological Diseases Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Arik Eisenkraft
- Surgeon General Headquarters, Israel Defense Force Medical Corps, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
- NBC Protection Division, IMoD, Hakyria, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Institute for Research in Military Medicine, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- * E-mail:
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