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Robinson EL, Baker AH, Brittan M, McCracken I, Condorelli G, Emanueli C, Srivastava PK, Gaetano C, Thum T, Vanhaverbeke M, Angione C, Heymans S, Devaux Y, Pedrazzini T, Martelli F. Dissecting the transcriptome in cardiovascular disease. Cardiovasc Res 2022; 118:1004-1019. [PMID: 33757121 PMCID: PMC8930073 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The human transcriptome comprises a complex network of coding and non-coding RNAs implicated in a myriad of biological functions. Non-coding RNAs exhibit highly organized spatial and temporal expression patterns and are emerging as critical regulators of differentiation, homeostasis, and pathological states, including in the cardiovascular system. This review defines the current knowledge gaps, unmet methodological needs, and describes the challenges in dissecting and understanding the role and regulation of the non-coding transcriptome in cardiovascular disease. These challenges include poor annotation of the non-coding genome, determination of the cellular distribution of transcripts, assessment of the role of RNA processing and identification of cell-type specific changes in cardiovascular physiology and disease. We highlight similarities and differences in the hurdles associated with the analysis of the non-coding and protein-coding transcriptomes. In addition, we discuss how the lack of consensus and absence of standardized methods affect reproducibility of data. These shortcomings should be defeated in order to make significant scientific progress and foster the development of clinically applicable non-coding RNA-based therapeutic strategies to lessen the burden of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Robinson
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- The Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Andrew H Baker
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Mairi Brittan
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Ian McCracken
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - G Condorelli
- Humanitas Research Hospital, Humanitas University, Via Manzoni 113, Rozzano, MI 20089, Italy
| | - C Emanueli
- Imperial College, National Heart and Lung Institute, Hammersmith campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - P K Srivastava
- Imperial College, National Heart and Lung Institute, Hammersmith campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - C Gaetano
- Laboratorio di Epigenetica, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Via Maugeri 4, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - T Thum
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - M Vanhaverbeke
- UZ Gasthuisberg Campus, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - C Angione
- Department of Computer Science and Information Systems, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, TS4 3BX, UK
| | - S Heymans
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Y Devaux
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1A-B, rue Thomas Edison, L-1445 Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - T Pedrazzini
- Experimental Cardiology Unit, Division of Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Lausanne Medical School, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - F Martelli
- Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, IRCCS-Policlinico San Donato, Piazza Edmondo Malan, 2, 20097 San Donato, Milan, Italy
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