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Jansson JO, Dalmau Gasull A, Schéle E, Dickson SL, Palsdottir V, Palmquist A, Gironès FF, Bellman J, Anesten F, Hägg D, Ohlsson C. A Body Weight Sensor Regulates Prepubertal Growth via the Somatotropic Axis in Male Rats. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6167823. [PMID: 33693673 PMCID: PMC8143665 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In healthy conditions, prepubertal growth follows an individual specific growth channel. Growth hormone (GH) is undoubtedly the major regulator of growth. However, the homeostatic regulation to maintain the individual specific growth channel during growth is unclear. We recently hypothesized a body weight sensing homeostatic regulation of body weight during adulthood, the gravitostat. We now investigated if sensing of body weight also contributes to the strict homeostatic regulation to maintain the individual specific growth channel during prepubertal growth. To evaluate the effect of increased artificial loading on prepubertal growth, we implanted heavy (20% of body weight) or light (2% of the body weight) capsules into the abdomen of 26-day-old male rats. The body growth, as determined by change in biological body weight and growth of the long bones and the axial skeleton, was reduced in rats bearing a heavy load compared with light load. Removal of the increased load resulted in a catch-up growth and a normalization of body weight. Loading decreased hypothalamic growth hormone releasing hormone mRNA, liver insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 mRNA, and serum IGF-1, suggesting that the reduced body growth was caused by a negative feedback regulation on the somatotropic axis and this notion was supported by the fact that increased loading did not reduce body growth in GH-treated rats. Based on these data, we propose the gravitostat hypothesis for the regulation of prepubertal growth. This states that there is a homeostatic regulation to maintain the individual specific growth channel via body weight sensing, regulating the somatotropic axis and explaining catch-up growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- John-Olov Jansson
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Correspondence: John-Olov Jansson, University of Gothenburg, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Vita Stråket 11, 41390 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Adria Dalmau Gasull
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Erik Schéle
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Suzanne L Dickson
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Vilborg Palsdottir
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Palmquist
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ferran Font Gironès
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jakob Bellman
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Anesten
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Daniel Hägg
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Drug Treatment, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Drug Treatment, Gothenburg, Sweden
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