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Lin Y, Parco C, Karathanos A, Krieger T, Schulze V, Chernyak N, Icks A, Kelm M, Brockmeyer M, Wolff G. Clinical efficacy and safety outcomes of bempedoic acid for LDL-C lowering therapy in patients at high cardiovascular risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e048893. [PMID: 35210334 PMCID: PMC8883220 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-048893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bempedoic acid (BA) is a novel oral low-density lipoprotein cholesterol lowering drug. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to assess efficacy and safety for clinical outcomes in high cardiovascular (CV) risk patients. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Google Scholar, Embase, ClinicalTrials.gov, Clinical Trial Results and the American College of Cardiology web site were searched. STUDY SELECTION Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of BA versus placebo in high CV risk patients reporting clinical outcomes were included. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Primary efficacy outcomes were major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), all-cause mortality, CV mortality and non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI). Safety outcomes included new onset or worsening of diabetes mellitus (DM), muscular disorders, gout and worsening of renal function. RESULTS Six RCTs with a total of 3956 patients and follow-ups of four to 52 weeks were identified. Heterogeneity mainly derived from differing follow-up duration and baseline CV risk. No difference in MACE (OR 0.84; 95% CI 0.61 to 1.15), all-cause mortality (OR 2.37; CI 0.80 to 6.99) and CV mortality (OR 1.66; CI 0.45 to 6.04) for BA versus placebo was observed. BA showed beneficial trends for non-fatal MI (OR 0.57; CI 0.32 to 1.00) and was associated with a lower risk of new-onset or worsening of DM (OR 0.68; CI 0.49 to 0.94), but higher risk of gout (OR 3.29; CI 1.28 to 8.46) and a trend for muscular disorders (OR 2.60; CI 1.15 to 5.91) and worsening of renal function (OR 4.24; CI 0.98 to 18.39). CONCLUSION BA in high CV risk patients showed no significant effects on major CV outcomes in short-term follow-up. Unfavourable effects on muscular disorders, renal function and gout sound a note of caution. Hence, further studies with longer term follow-up in carefully selected populations are needed to clarify the risk/benefit ratio of this novel therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingfeng Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Claudio Parco
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Athanasios Karathanos
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Torben Krieger
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Volker Schulze
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nadja Chernyak
- Institute for Health Services Research and Health Economics, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andrea Icks
- Institute for Health Services Research and Health Economics, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Malte Kelm
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- CARID-Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Maximilian Brockmeyer
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Georg Wolff
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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