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Boter M, Diaz I. Cyanogenesis, a Plant Defence Strategy against Herbivores. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24086982. [PMID: 37108149 PMCID: PMC10138981 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24086982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants and phytophagous arthropods have coevolved in a long battle for survival. Plants respond to phytophagous feeders by producing a battery of antiherbivore chemical defences, while herbivores try to adapt to their hosts by attenuating the toxic effect of the defence compounds. Cyanogenic glucosides are a widespread group of defence chemicals that come from cyanogenic plants. Among the non-cyanogenic ones, the Brassicaceae family has evolved an alternative cyanogenic pathway to produce cyanohydrin as a way to expand defences. When a plant tissue is disrupted by an herbivore attack, cyanogenic substrates are brought into contact with degrading enzymes that cause the release of toxic hydrogen cyanide and derived carbonyl compounds. In this review, we focus our attention on the plant metabolic pathways linked to cyanogenesis to generate cyanide. It also highlights the role of cyanogenesis as a key defence mechanism of plants to fight against herbivore arthropods, and we discuss the potential of cyanogenesis-derived molecules as alternative strategies for pest control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Boter
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo, 20223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Diaz
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo, 20223 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Mesa-Antunez P, Collado D, Vida Y, Najera F, Fernandez T, Torres MJ, Perez-Inestrosa E. Fluorescent BAPAD Dendrimeric Antigens Are Efficiently Internalized by Human Dendritic Cells. Polymers (Basel) 2016; 8:E111. [PMID: 30979201 PMCID: PMC6432222 DOI: 10.3390/polym8040111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A new fluorescent dendrimeric antigen (DeAn) based on a dendron with amoxicilloyl terminal groups was synthesized. The synthesis was carried out using a novel class of all-aliphatic polyamide dendrimer (BisAminoalkylPolyAmide Dendrimers, or BAPAD) involving the direct condensation of 3,3'-diazidopivalic acid as a building block. Iterative azide reduction/amide formation increases the dendrimer generation. The BAPAD dendrimer was designed with a cystamine core. Reduction of the disulfide bond allows the incorporation of BAPAD dendrons into a 1,8-naphthalimide functionalized with a maleimide group. The fluorescence properties of DeAn were studied in PBS and compared with the properties of an equivalent dendron possessing amino-terminal groups. Both molecules shown high fluorescence quantum yields in PBS and could readily be visualized by fluorescence microscopy. DeAn was used as a synthetic antigen in a biomedical assay that tests their potential as an amoxicillin carrier in drug internalization by dendritic cells (DC) from tolerant and allergic patients. Cytometry data suggest that the dendrons are non-toxic and easily internalized by DCs, while confocal microscopy images indicate that the compounds are preferentially accumulated in the cytoplasm. These results indicate that BAPAD dendrons are good candidates for synthetic scaffolds for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Mesa-Antunez
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Malaga, IBIMA, 29071 Malaga, Spain.
- Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology- BIONAND, Parque Tecnologico de Andalucia, 29590 Malaga, Spain.
| | - Daniel Collado
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Malaga, IBIMA, 29071 Malaga, Spain.
- Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology- BIONAND, Parque Tecnologico de Andalucia, 29590 Malaga, Spain.
| | - Yolanda Vida
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Malaga, IBIMA, 29071 Malaga, Spain.
- Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology- BIONAND, Parque Tecnologico de Andalucia, 29590 Malaga, Spain.
| | - Francisco Najera
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Malaga, IBIMA, 29071 Malaga, Spain.
- Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology- BIONAND, Parque Tecnologico de Andalucia, 29590 Malaga, Spain.
| | - Tahia Fernandez
- Research Laboratory, Regional University Hospital of Malaga-IBIMA, 29010 Malaga, Spain.
| | - Maria Jose Torres
- Research Laboratory, Regional University Hospital of Malaga-IBIMA, 29010 Malaga, Spain.
- Allergy Service, Regional University Hospital of Malaga-IBIMA, 29010 Malaga, Spain.
| | - Ezequiel Perez-Inestrosa
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Malaga, IBIMA, 29071 Malaga, Spain.
- Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology- BIONAND, Parque Tecnologico de Andalucia, 29590 Malaga, Spain.
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