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Suominen K, Häkkänen T, Ranta J, Ollgren J, Kivistö R, Perko-Mäkelä P, Salmenlinna S, Rimhanen-Finne R. Campylobacteriosis in Finland: Passive Surveillance in 2004-2021 and a Pilot Case-Control Study with Whole-Genome Sequencing in Summer 2022. Microorganisms 2024; 12:132. [PMID: 38257959 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Campylobacteriosis causes a significant disease burden in humans worldwide and is the most common type of zoonotic gastroenteritis in Finland. To identify infection sources for domestic Campylobacter infections, we analyzed Campylobacter case data from the Finnish Infectious Disease Register (FIDR) in 2004-2021 and outbreak data from the National Food- and Waterborne Outbreak Register (FWO Register) in 2010-2021, and conducted a pilot case-control study (256 cases and 756 controls) with source attribution and patient sample analysis using whole-genome sequencing (WGS) in July-August 2022. In the FIDR, 41% of the cases lacked information on travel history. Based on the case-control study, we estimated that of all cases, 39% were of domestic origin. Using WGS, 22 clusters of two or more cases were observed among 185 domestic cases, none of which were reported to the FWO register. Based on this case-control study and source attribution, poultry is an important source of campylobacteriosis in Finland. More extensive sampling and comparison of patient, food, animal, and environmental isolates is needed to estimate the significance of other sources. In Finland, campylobacteriosis is more often of domestic origin than FIDR notifications indicate. To identify the domestic cases, travel information should be included in the FIDR notification, and to improve outbreak detection, all domestic patient isolates should be sequenced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristiina Suominen
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Mannerheimintie 166, 00271 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tessa Häkkänen
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Mannerheimintie 166, 00271 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jukka Ranta
- Risk Assessment Unit, Finnish Food Authority, Mustialankatu 3, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jukka Ollgren
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Mannerheimintie 166, 00271 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rauni Kivistö
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Agnes Sjöbergin katu 2, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Saara Salmenlinna
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Mannerheimintie 166, 00271 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ruska Rimhanen-Finne
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Mannerheimintie 166, 00271 Helsinki, Finland
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Fitzgerald H, Kiviharju E, Palmé A, Hyvärinen M. Complementary Analysis and Implementation Plan for Conservation of Crop Wild Relatives in Finland. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:3313. [PMID: 37765477 PMCID: PMC10537885 DOI: 10.3390/plants12183313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Crop wild relatives (CWR) are valuable wild plant species that can be used as genetic resources providing adaptive traits to crop plants and therefore they play an important role in future food security. This paper describes in situ and ex situ conservation planning of CWR species in Finland and includes the following parts: (a) drafting of the national CWR priority list, (b) undertaking the in situ conservation gap analysis and (c) identifying ex situ conservation gaps and multi-species collecting sites for the CWR in Finland. As a result of the study, essential information was acquired, which will enhance future planning of active science-based practical conservation of CWR in Finland. Based on the new data and earlier work, a number of conservation recommendations are presented. This national work has been carried out in connection with the larger Nordic regional CWR co-operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heli Fitzgerald
- Botany Unit, Finnish Museum of Natural History, LUOMUS, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 7, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elina Kiviharju
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Luke, 31600 Jokioinen, Finland
| | - Anna Palmé
- Nordic Genetic Resource Center, NordGen, 234 56 Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Marko Hyvärinen
- Botany Unit, Finnish Museum of Natural History, LUOMUS, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 7, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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Özgen EK, Yanmaz B, Bağatir PŞ. Investigation of virulence factors, phylogenetic grouping, multiple-locus variable number tandem repeat analysis, and antimicrobial susceptibility of E. coli isolated from aborted bovine fetal tissue. Lett Appl Microbiol 2023; 76:ovad100. [PMID: 37660240 DOI: 10.1093/lambio/ovad100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Escherichia coli is an important microorganism for cattle breeding. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of phylogenetic groups, virulence factors, genotyping with multi-locus variable tandem repeat analysis (MLVA), and susceptibility to commonly used antimicrobial agents in E. coli strains isolated from aborted bovine fetal samples. In this study, phylogrouping and various virulence genes were analyzed by PCR in E. coli strains isolated from 637 bovine fetal tissue samples. Consequently, E. coli was isolated and identified in 24 samples in culture. Of the 24 isolates identified as positive, 12.5% were defined as group A, 83.3% as B1, and 4.2% as group B2. Of the E. coli isolates, virulence factor fimH was identified in eight (33.3%), traT in 15 (62.5%), ompT in five (20.8%), CNF1 in one (4.16%), and CNF2 in six (25%). Seven genotypic groups were determined as a result of the analysis with the MLVA 10 method. According to the antimicrobial susceptibility test results, high resistance was determined against amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and oxytetracycline. In conclusion, strains of E. coli containing CNF1, CNF2, fimH, traT, and ompT virulence factors can be associated with bovine abortions. It is noteworthy that the dominant phylogenetic group B1 has been observed in cases of cattle abortions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ediz Kağan Özgen
- Erzurum Veterinary Control Institute, Republic of Turkey Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Erzurum 25080, Turkey
| | - Berna Yanmaz
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Public Health, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur 15030, Turkey
| | - Perihan Şerifoğlu Bağatir
- Erzurum Veterinary Control Institute, Republic of Turkey Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Erzurum 25080, Turkey
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Azeez AA, Esiegbuya DO, Jaber E, Ren W, Lateef AA, Ojieabu A, Asiegbu FO. Thermal Tolerance Data and Molecular Identification Are Useful for the Diagnosis, Control and Modeling of Diseases Caused by Thielaviopsis paradoxa. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12050727. [PMID: 37242397 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12050727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Several economically important diseases of forest trees and agricultural crops in many parts of the world have been linked to the ascomycete fungal pathogen Thielaviopsis paradoxa. This study compared the growth rate of 41 isolates of T. paradoxa sourced from different hosts and two countries (Nigeria and Papua New Guinea (PNG)) under six temperature levels (22 °C, 25 °C, 30 °C, 32 °C, 34 °C and 35 °C). Phylogenetic relationships were obtained from the analysis of their nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed sequence (ITS) data. While all the isolates from PNG and few from Nigeria grew optimally between 22 °C and 32 °C, the majority had their highest growth rate (2.9 cm/day) between 25 °C and 32 °C. Growth performances were generally low between 34 °C and 35 °C; no isolate from the sugar cane grew at these high temperatures. The oil palm isolate DA029 was the most resilient, with the highest growth rate (0.97 cm/day) at 35 °C. Phylogenetic analysis delineated five clusters: a very large clade which accommodates the majority (30 Nigerian and 3 PNG oil palm isolates) and four small clades containing two members each. To a large extent, the clustering pattern failed to address the temperature-isolate relationship observed. However, only the four small clades represent isolates with similar temperature tolerances. It is most likely that wider and robust analyses with more diverse isolates and genetic markers will provide better insight on thermal resilience of T. paradoxa. Additionally, future research to establish relationships between vegetative growth at different temperatures and of different pathogenicity and disease epidemiology merits being explored. The results might provide useful information for the formulation of effective management and control strategies against the pathogen, especially in this era of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abiodun Abeeb Azeez
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Latokartanonkaari 7, P.O. Box 27, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Rainforest Research Station, Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria (FRIN), Jericho Hill, Ibadan P.M.B 5054, Nigeria
| | | | - Emad Jaber
- Crop Protection Department, PNG Oil Palm Research Association (PNGOPRA), Dami Research Station, Kimbe P.O. Box 97, Papua New Guinea
| | - Wenzi Ren
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Latokartanonkaari 7, P.O. Box 27, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Adebola Azeez Lateef
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Latokartanonkaari 7, P.O. Box 27, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin P.M.B 1515, Nigeria
| | - Amarachi Ojieabu
- Pathology Division, Nigerian Institute for Oil Palm Research (NIFOR), Benin City P.M.B 1030, Nigeria
| | - Fred O Asiegbu
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Latokartanonkaari 7, P.O. Box 27, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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