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Paškan M, Dobšíková K, Kuchař M, Setnička V, Kohout M. Synthesis and absolute configuration of cyclic synthetic cathinones derived from α-tetralone. Chirality 2024; 36:e23646. [PMID: 38353318 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The emergence of new synthetic cathinones continues to be a matter of public health concern. In fact, already known products (drugs) are being rapidly replaced by new structurally related alternatives, whereby modifications in the basic cathinone structure are used by manufacturers to circumvent the legislation. On the other hand, some derivatives of synthetic cathinones represent important pharmaceuticals with antidepressant properties. In the search for pharmaceutically relevant analogs, the main goal of the present study was to design and characterize novel cyclic α-tetralone-based derivatives of synthetic cathinones. We synthesized a series of derivatives and verified their chemical structure. Subsequently, chiral separation has been accomplished by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) equipped with a circular dichroism (CD) detector, which directly provided CD spectra of the enantiomers of the analyzed substances at 252 nm. Using density functional theory calculations, we have obtained stable conformers of selected enantiomers in solution and their relative abundances, which we used to simulate their spectra. The experimental and calculated data have been used to assign the absolute configuration of six as-yet unknown synthetic cathinones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Paškan
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Kristýna Dobšíková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kuchař
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Department of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Psychedelic Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Setnička
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Kohout
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague 6, Czech Republic
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Bartusková M, Selivanova A, Malátová I, Hůlka J, Škrkal J, Rosmus J, Kapyltsova A, Rulík P. A comparison of different detection techniques for 137Cs measurements of cattle in vivo. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2023; 199:2373-2382. [PMID: 37699534 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncad252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural lands with farm animals (e.g. cattle) can be significantly affected by radioactive contamination following nuclear or radiation accidents. In order to optimise the techniques for measuring 137Cs in contaminated cattle, selected radiation detectors have been tested and calibrated using volumetric radiation sources. In addition, a mathematical phantom of a cow was created within Monte Carlo simulations. The main aim of the research was to propose a method for making rapid measurements of 137Cs in cattle in vivo/in situ and to select the most suitable measurement set-up. Measurements of contaminated cattle in vivo were carried out in Belarus with one selected detector, and were then compared with measurements of meat in a laboratory and with measurements of a control group of cows. The proposed measurement method was also tested on measurements of 137Cs in wild boars in Czechia with higher levels of the 137Cs activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miluše Bartusková
- National Radiation Protection Institute (SÚRO), Bartoškova 1450/28, 140 00 Prague, Czechia
| | - Anna Selivanova
- National Radiation Protection Institute (SÚRO), Bartoškova 1450/28, 140 00 Prague, Czechia
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague, Czechia
| | - Irena Malátová
- National Radiation Protection Institute (SÚRO), Bartoškova 1450/28, 140 00 Prague, Czechia
| | - Jiří Hůlka
- National Radiation Protection Institute (SÚRO), Bartoškova 1450/28, 140 00 Prague, Czechia
| | - Jan Škrkal
- National Radiation Protection Institute (SÚRO), Bartoškova 1450/28, 140 00 Prague, Czechia
| | - Jan Rosmus
- State Veterinary Institute Prague, Sídlištní 136/24, 165 03 Prague, Czechia
| | - Alena Kapyltsova
- Institute of Radiobiology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Fedyuninskogo St. 4, 246 007 Gomel, Belarus
| | - Petr Rulík
- National Radiation Protection Institute (SÚRO), Bartoškova 1450/28, 140 00 Prague, Czechia
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Čemusová Z, Ekendahl D, Kurková D, Judas L, Kapuciánová M, Vykydal Z. Response of current dosemeters to new operational quantities in rotational geometry. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2023; 199:1785-1789. [PMID: 37819347 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncac281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the ICRU released Report 95, where new operational quantities for external radiation exposure are defined. The new quantities are defined in close relation to the protection quantities. This change affects the practice use of dosemeters. That is why the instruments must be adapted to the measurement of new quantities before their implementing as legally binding. The discrepancies depend on radiation spectra-particle type, energy of particles and direction of incidence. To analyse the performance of currently used instruments, irradiations in photon and neutron fields of various energies were performed for personal and area dosemeters. In this work, the response of photon and neutron personal dosemeters in conditions of rotational geometry is presented. The difference between the responses with respect to the new or old operational quantity was not large, which corresponded to the similar reference values for this irradiation geometry. The mutual ratio depended on the specific radiation quality and geometry. The behaviour of different types of dosemeters varied too.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zina Čemusová
- Čemusová, Ekendahl, Kapuciánová- Dosimetry Department, Kurková, Judas-Gamma and X-ray Dosimetry Laboratory, National Radiation Protection Institute, Bartoškova 28, 14000 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Daniela Ekendahl
- Čemusová, Ekendahl, Kapuciánová- Dosimetry Department, Kurková, Judas-Gamma and X-ray Dosimetry Laboratory, National Radiation Protection Institute, Bartoškova 28, 14000 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Dana Kurková
- Čemusová, Ekendahl, Kapuciánová- Dosimetry Department, Kurková, Judas-Gamma and X-ray Dosimetry Laboratory, National Radiation Protection Institute, Bartoškova 28, 14000 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Judas
- Čemusová, Ekendahl, Kapuciánová- Dosimetry Department, Kurková, Judas-Gamma and X-ray Dosimetry Laboratory, National Radiation Protection Institute, Bartoškova 28, 14000 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Kapuciánová
- Čemusová, Ekendahl, Kapuciánová- Dosimetry Department, Kurková, Judas-Gamma and X-ray Dosimetry Laboratory, National Radiation Protection Institute, Bartoškova 28, 14000 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Vykydal
- Čemusová, Ekendahl, Kapuciánová- Dosimetry Department, Kurková, Judas-Gamma and X-ray Dosimetry Laboratory, National Radiation Protection Institute, Bartoškova 28, 14000 Prague 4, Czech Republic
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Horalek J, Sobeslav V. Security Baseline for Substation Automation Systems. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:7125. [PMID: 37631660 PMCID: PMC10458962 DOI: 10.3390/s23167125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The use of information technology and the automation of control systems in the energy sector enables a more efficient transmission and distribution of electricity. However, in addition to the many benefits that the deployment of intelligent and largely autonomous systems brings, it also carries risks associated with information and cyber security breaches. Technology systems form a specific and critical communication infrastructure, in which powerful control elements integrating IoT principles and IED devices are present. It also contains intelligent access control systems such as RTU, IDE, HMI, and SCADA systems that provide communication with the data and control center on the outer perimeter. Therefore, the key question is how to comprehensively protect these specialized systems and how to approach security implementation projects in this area. To establish rules, procedures, and techniques to ensure the cyber security of smart grid control systems in the energy sector, it is necessary to understand the security threats and bring appropriate measures to ensure the security of energy distribution. Given the use of a wide range of information and industrial technologies, it is difficult to protect energy distribution systems using standard constraints to protect common IT technologies and business processes. Therefore, as part of a comprehensive approach to cyber security, specifics such as legislative framework, technological constraints, international standards, specialized protocols or company processes, and many others need to be considered. Therefore, the key question is how to comprehensively protect these specialized systems and how to approach security implementation projects in this area. In this article, a basic security concept for control systems of power stations, which are part of the power transmission and distribution system, is presented based on the Smart Grid domain model with emphasis on substation intelligence, according to the Purdue model. The main contribution of the paper is the comprehensive design of mitigation measures divided into mandatory and recommended implementation based on the standards defined within the MITRE ATT&CK matrix specified, concerning the specifications of intelligent distribution substations. The proposed and industry-tested solution is mapped to meet the international security standards ISO 27001 and national legislation reflecting the requirements of NIS2. This ensures that the security requirements will be met when implementing the proposed Security Baseline.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vladimir Sobeslav
- Department of Information Technologies, Faculty of Informatics and Management, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic;
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Qubaiová J, Jakubec P, Montoya-Molina S, Novák M, Šuláková H. Diet Impact on the Development and Survival of Oiceoptoma thoracicum (Coleoptera: Silphidae). J Med Entomol 2022; 59:1905-1910. [PMID: 36073525 PMCID: PMC9667723 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjac129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We assessed the influence of diet on the development and survival in the immature stages of the necrophagous beetle Oiceoptoma thoracicum (Linnaeus, 1758). The species is frequently observed on large cadavers, including humans, and thus can be of potential forensic relevance. We compared multiple meat tissues from three animal sources, and detected the optimal diet for rearing the species for further entomological and forensic objectives. We reared 203 individuals to adulthood at the constant temperature of 20°C. Our results represent the first robust data set of the development time for this species. They further confirmed a significant relationship between survival and the type of diet, as the highest survival rates were detected in larvae fed with both pork liver and pork muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarin Qubaiová
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, CZ-165 00 Praha, Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | | | - Santiago Montoya-Molina
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, CZ-165 00 Praha, Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Novák
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, CZ-165 00 Praha, Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Šuláková
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, CZ-165 00 Praha, Suchdol, Czech Republic
- Police of the Czech Republic, Institute of Criminalistics Prague, P.O. Box 62/KUP, CZ-170 89 Praha, Czech Republic
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