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Yokoyama T, Tasaki Y, Inoue N, Sugimoto N, Nariai E, Kuramoto S, Wada T. Rapid molecular diagnosis of Parechovirus infection using the reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification technique. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260348. [PMID: 34843518 PMCID: PMC8629174 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Human parechovirus (HPeV), especially HPeV A3 (HPeV3), causes sepsis-like diseases and sudden infant death syndrome in neonates and young infants. Development of rapid and easier diagnostic laboratory tests for HPeVs is desired. Methods Original inner primers, outer primers, and loop-primers were designed on the 5′ untranslated region of HPeV3. HPeV3 ribonucleic acids (RNAs), other viral RNAs, and clinical stool samples were used to confirm whether the designed primers would allow the detection of HPeV3 with the reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) technique. Results Three combinations of primers were created and it was confirmed that all primer sets allowed the detection of HPeV3 RNAs. The primer sets had cross-reactivity with HPeV type 1 (HPeV1), but all sets showed negative results when applied to coxsackievirus, echovirus, enterovirus, norovirus, and adenovirus genomes. Four of six stool samples, obtained from newborn and infant patients with sepsis-like symptoms, showed positive results with our RT-LAMP technique. Conclusions This manuscript is the first description of an RT-LAMP for the diagnosis of HPeVs, allowing a faster, easier, and cheaper diagnosis. This technique is clinically useful for newborns and infants who have sepsis-like symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadafumi Yokoyama
- Department of Pediatrics, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Yuko Tasaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Natsumi Inoue
- Department of Pediatrics, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Naotoshi Sugimoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Eri Nariai
- Health and Food Safety Department, Ishikawa Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environmental Science, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Sanae Kuramoto
- Health and Food Safety Department, Ishikawa Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environmental Science, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Taizo Wada
- Department of Pediatrics, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
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Rahman MM, Shimizu K, Yamauchi M, Takase H, Ugawa S, Okada A, Inoshima Y. Acidification effects on isolation of extracellular vesicles from bovine milk. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222613. [PMID: 31525238 PMCID: PMC6746375 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine milk extracellular vesicles (EVs) attract research interest as carriers of biologically active cargo including miRNA from donor to recipient cells to facilitate intercellular communication. Since toxicity of edible milk seems to be negligible, milk EVs are applicable to use for therapeutics in human medicine. Casein separation is an important step in obtaining pure EVs from milk, and recent studies reported that adding hydrochloric acid (HCl) and acetic acid (AA) to milk accelerates casein aggregation and precipitation to facilitate EV isolation and purification; however, the effects of acidification on EVs remain unclear. In this study, we evaluated the acidification effects on milk-derived EVs with that by standard ultracentrifugation (UC). We separated casein from milk by either UC method or treatment with HCl or AA, followed by evaluation of EVs in milk serum (whey) by transmission electron microcopy (TEM), spectrophotometry, and tunable resistive pulse sensing analysis to determine EVs morphology, protein concentration, and EVs size and concentration, respectively. Moreover, we used anti-CD9, -CD63, -CD81, -MFG-E8, -HSP70, and -Alix antibodies for the detection of EVs surface and internal marker proteins by western blot (WB). Morphological features of EVs were spherical shape and similar structure was observed in isolated EVs by TEM. However, some of the EVs isolated by HCl and AA had shown rough surface. Although protein concentration was higher in whey obtained by UC, EV concentration was significantly higher in whey following acid treatment. Moreover, although all of the targeted EVs-marker-proteins were detected by WB, HCl- or AA-treatments partially degraded CD9 and CD81. These findings indicated that acid treatment successfully separated casein from milk to allow efficient EV isolation and purification but resulted in partial degradation of EV-surface proteins. Our results suggest that following acid treatment, appropriate EV-surface-marker antibodies should be used for accurate assess the obtained EVs for downstream applications. This study describes the acidification effects on EVs isolated from bovine milk for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Matiur Rahman
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Gifu, Japan
- Laboratory of Food and Environmental Hygiene, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Gifu, Japan
- Department of Medicine, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Kaori Shimizu
- Laboratory of Food and Environmental Hygiene, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Gifu, Japan
| | - Marika Yamauchi
- Laboratory of Food and Environmental Hygiene, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takase
- Core Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shinya Ugawa
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ayaka Okada
- Laboratory of Food and Environmental Hygiene, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Gifu, Japan
- Education and Research Center for Food Animal Health, Gifu University (GeFAH), Gifu, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yasuo Inoshima
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Gifu, Japan
- Laboratory of Food and Environmental Hygiene, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Gifu, Japan
- Education and Research Center for Food Animal Health, Gifu University (GeFAH), Gifu, Gifu, Japan
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Gifu, Japan
- * E-mail:
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