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Perez‐Cornago A, Huybrechts I, Appleby PN, Schmidt JA, Crowe FL, Overvad K, Tjønneland A, Kühn T, Katzke V, Trichopoulou A, Karakatsani A, Peppa E, Grioni S, Palli D, Sacerdote C, Tumino R, Bueno‐de‐Mesquita HB, Larrañaga N, Sánchez M, Quirós JR, Ardanaz E, Chirlaque M, Agudo A, Bjartell A, Wallström P, Chajes V, Tsilidis KK, Aune D, Riboli E, Travis RC, Key TJ. Intake of individual fatty acids and risk of prostate cancer in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition. Int J Cancer 2020; 146:44-57. [PMID: 30807653 PMCID: PMC6899744 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The associations of individual dietary fatty acids with prostate cancer risk have not been examined comprehensively. We examined the prospective association of individual dietary fatty acids with prostate cancer risk overall, by tumor subtypes, and prostate cancer death. 142,239 men from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition who were free from cancer at recruitment were included. Dietary intakes of individual fatty acids were estimated using center-specific validated dietary questionnaires at baseline and calibrated with 24-h recalls. Multivariable Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). After an average follow-up of 13.9 years, 7,036 prostate cancer cases and 936 prostate cancer deaths were ascertained. Intakes of individual fatty acids were not related to overall prostate cancer risk. There was evidence of heterogeneity in the association of some short chain saturated fatty acids with prostate cancer risk by tumor stage (pheterogeneity < 0.015), with a positive association with risk of advanced stage disease for butyric acid (4:0; HR1SD = 1.08; 95%CI = 1.01-1.15; p-trend = 0.026). There were no associations with fatal prostate cancer, with the exception of a slightly higher risk for those who consumed more eicosenoic acid (22:1n-9c; HR1SD = 1.05; 1.00-1.11; p-trend = 0.048) and eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3c; HR1SD = 1.07; 1.00-1.14; p-trend = 0.045). There was no evidence that dietary intakes of individual fatty acids were associated with overall prostate cancer risk. However, a higher intake of butyric acid might be associated with a higher risk of advanced, whereas intakes of eicosenoic and eicosapentaenoic acids might be positively associated with fatal prostate cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Perez‐Cornago
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Inge Huybrechts
- Dietary Exposure Assessment GroupInternational Agency for Research on CancerLyonFrance
| | - Paul N. Appleby
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Julie A. Schmidt
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Francesca L. Crowe
- Institute of Applied Health Research, College of Medical and Dental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Kim Overvad
- Department of Public Health, Section for EpidemiologyAarhus UniversityAarhus CDenmark
| | | | - Tilman Kühn
- Division of Cancer EpidemiologyGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Verena Katzke
- Division of Cancer EpidemiologyGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | | | - Anna Karakatsani
- Hellenic Health FoundationAthensGreece
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, School of MedicineNational and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “ATTIKON” University HospitalHaidariGreece
| | | | - Sara Grioni
- Epidemiology and Prevention UnitFondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei TumoriMilanItaly
| | - Domenico Palli
- Cancer Risk Factors and Life‐Style Epidemiology UnitInstitute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network – ISPROFlorenceItaly
| | - Carlotta Sacerdote
- Unit of Cancer EpidemiologyCittà della Salute e della Scienza University‐Hospital and Center for Cancer Prevention (CPO)TurinItaly
| | - Rosario Tumino
- Department of Cancer Registry and Histopathology"Civic ‐ M.P. Arezzo" Hospital ASPRagusaItaly
| | - H. Bas Bueno‐de‐Mesquita
- Department for Determinants of Chronic Diseases (DCD)National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM)BilthovenThe Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyUniversity Medical CentreUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public HealthImperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of MalayaKuala LumpurMalaysia
| | - Nerea Larrañaga
- Department of Basque Regional HealthPublic Health Division of Gipuzkoa‐BIODONOSTIAGuipúzcoaSpain
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public HealthMadridSpain
| | - Maria‐Jose Sánchez
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public HealthMadridSpain
- Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADAHospitales Universitarios de Granada/Universidad de GranadaGranadaSpain
| | | | - Eva Ardanaz
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public HealthMadridSpain
- Navarra Public Health InstitutePamplonaSpain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health ResearchPamplonaSpain
| | - María‐Dolores Chirlaque
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public HealthMadridSpain
- Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health CouncilMurciaSpain
- Department of Health and Social SciencesUniversidad de MurciaMurciaSpain
| | - Antonio Agudo
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research ProgramCatalan Institute of Oncology‐IDIBELL. L'Hospitalet de LlobregatBarcelonaSpain
| | - Anders Bjartell
- Department of Translational Medicine, Medical FacultyLund UniversityMalmöSweden
- Department of UrologySkåne University HospitalMalmöSweden
| | - Peter Wallström
- Nutrition Epidemiology Research Group, Department of Clinical SciencesLund UniversityMalmöSweden
- Clinical Research CentreMalmö University HospitalMalmöSweden
| | - Veronique Chajes
- Department of Nutrition and MetabolismInternational Agency for Research on CancerLyonFrance
| | - Konstantinos K. Tsilidis
- Department of Hygiene and EpidemiologyUniversity of Ioannina, School of MedicineIoanninaGreece
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public HealthImperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Dagfinn Aune
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public HealthImperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- Department of NutritionBjørknes University CollegeOsloNorway
- Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive MedicineOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
| | - Elio Riboli
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public HealthImperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Ruth C. Travis
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Timothy J. Key
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
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