Castro R, Adair JH, Mastro AM, Neuberger T, Matters GL. VCAM-1-targeted nanoparticles to diagnose, monitor and treat atherosclerosis.
Nanomedicine (Lond) 2024;
19:723-735. [PMID:
38420919 DOI:
10.2217/nnm-2023-0282]
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Abstract
Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) was identified over 2 decades ago as an endothelial adhesion receptor involved in leukocyte recruitment and cell-based immune responses. In atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease of the blood vessels that is the leading cause of death in the USA, endothelial VCAM-1 is robustly expressed beginning in the early stages of the disease. The interactions of circulating immune cells with VCAM-1 on the activated endothelial cell surface promote the uptake of monocytes and the progression of atherosclerotic lesions in susceptible vessels. Herein, we review the role of VCAM-1 in atherosclerosis and the use of VCAM-1 binding peptides, antibodies and aptamers as targeting agents for nanoplatforms for early detection and treatment of atherosclerotic disease.
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