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Zhang Y, Cheng W, Di H, Yang S, Tian Y, Tong Y, Huang H, Escalona VH, Tang Y, Li H, Zhang F, Sun B, Huang Z. Variation in Nutritional Components and Antioxidant Capacity of Different Cultivars and Organs of Basella alba. Plants (Basel) 2024; 13:892. [PMID: 38592915 PMCID: PMC10974134 DOI: 10.3390/plants13060892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Basella alba is a frequently consumed leafy vegetable. However, research on its nutritional components is limited. This study aimed to explore the variation in the nutritional components and antioxidant capacity of different cultivars and organs of Basella alba. Here, we primarily chose classical spectrophotometry and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to characterize the variation in nutritional components and antioxidant capacity among different organs (inflorescences, green fruits, black fruits, leaves, and stems) of eight typical cultivars of Basella alba. The determination indices (and methods) included the total soluble sugar (anthrone colorimetry), total soluble protein (the Bradford method), total chlorophyll (the ethanol-extracting method), total carotenoids (the ethanol-extracting method), total ascorbic acid (the HPLC method), total proanthocyanidins (the p-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde method), total flavonoids (AlCl3 colorimetry), total phenolics (the Folin method), and antioxidant capacity (the FRAP and ABTS methods). The results indicated that M5 and M6 exhibited advantages in their nutrient contents and antioxidant capacities. Additionally, the inflorescences demonstrated the highest total ascorbic acid and total phenolic contents, while the green and black fruits exhibited relatively high levels of total proanthocyanidins and antioxidant capacity. In a comparison between the green and black fruits, the green fruits showed higher levels of total chlorophyll (0.77-1.85 mg g-1 DW), total proanthocyanidins (0.62-2.34 mg g-1 DW), total phenolics (15.28-27.35 mg g-1 DW), and ABTS (43.39-59.16%), while the black fruits exhibited higher levels of total soluble protein (65.45-89.48 mg g-1 DW) and total soluble sugar (56.40-207.62 mg g-1 DW) in most cultivars. Chlorophyll, carotenoids, and flavonoids were predominantly found in the leaves of most cultivars, whereas the total soluble sugar contents were highest in the stems of most cultivars. Overall, our findings underscore the significant influence of the cultivars on the nutritional composition of Basella alba. Moreover, we observed notable variations in the nutrient contents among the different organs of the eight cultivars, and proanthocyanidins may contribute significantly to the antioxidant activity of the fruits. On the whole, this study provides a theoretical basis for the genetic breeding of Basella alba and dietary nutrition and serves as a reference for the comprehensive utilization of this vegetable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Z.); (H.D.); (S.Y.); (Y.T.); (Y.T.); (H.H.); (Y.T.); (H.L.); (F.Z.)
| | - Wenjuan Cheng
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300384, China;
- The State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Tianjin Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Hongmei Di
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Z.); (H.D.); (S.Y.); (Y.T.); (Y.T.); (H.H.); (Y.T.); (H.L.); (F.Z.)
| | - Shihan Yang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Z.); (H.D.); (S.Y.); (Y.T.); (Y.T.); (H.H.); (Y.T.); (H.L.); (F.Z.)
| | - Yuxiao Tian
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Z.); (H.D.); (S.Y.); (Y.T.); (Y.T.); (H.H.); (Y.T.); (H.L.); (F.Z.)
| | - Yuantao Tong
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Z.); (H.D.); (S.Y.); (Y.T.); (Y.T.); (H.H.); (Y.T.); (H.L.); (F.Z.)
| | - Huanhuan Huang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Z.); (H.D.); (S.Y.); (Y.T.); (Y.T.); (H.H.); (Y.T.); (H.L.); (F.Z.)
| | - Victor Hugo Escalona
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Chile, Santa Rosa 11315, Santiago 8820808, Metropolitan Region, Chile;
| | - Yi Tang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Z.); (H.D.); (S.Y.); (Y.T.); (Y.T.); (H.H.); (Y.T.); (H.L.); (F.Z.)
| | - Huanxiu Li
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Z.); (H.D.); (S.Y.); (Y.T.); (Y.T.); (H.H.); (Y.T.); (H.L.); (F.Z.)
| | - Fen Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Z.); (H.D.); (S.Y.); (Y.T.); (Y.T.); (H.H.); (Y.T.); (H.L.); (F.Z.)
| | - Bo Sun
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Z.); (H.D.); (S.Y.); (Y.T.); (Y.T.); (H.H.); (Y.T.); (H.L.); (F.Z.)
| | - Zhi Huang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Z.); (H.D.); (S.Y.); (Y.T.); (Y.T.); (H.H.); (Y.T.); (H.L.); (F.Z.)
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Di H, Zhang C, Zhou A, Huang H, Tang Y, Li H, Huang Z, Zhang F, Sun B. Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Mechanism by Which Exogenous Melatonin Treatment Delays Leaf Senescence of Postharvest Chinese Kale ( Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra). Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2250. [PMID: 38396927 PMCID: PMC10889248 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Melatonin, a pleiotropic small molecule, is employed in horticultural crops to delay senescence and preserve postharvest quality. In this study, 100 µM melatonin treatment delayed a decline in the color difference index h* and a*, maintaining the content of chlorophyll and carotenoids, thereby delaying the yellowing and senescence of Chinese kale. Transcriptome analysis unequivocally validates melatonin's efficacy in delaying leaf senescence in postharvest Chinese kale stored at 20 °C. Following a three-day storage period, the melatonin treatment group exhibited 1637 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) compared to the control group. DEG analysis elucidated that melatonin-induced antisenescence primarily governs phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, lipid metabolism, plant signal transduction, and calcium signal transduction. Melatonin treatment up-regulated core enzyme genes associated with general phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis, and the α-linolenic acid biosynthesis pathway. It influenced the redirection of lignin metabolic flux, suppressed jasmonic acid and abscisic acid signal transduction, and concurrently stimulated auxin signal transduction. Additionally, melatonin treatment down-regulated RBOH expression and up-regulated genes encoding CaM, thereby influencing calcium signal transduction. This study underscores melatonin as a promising approach for delaying leaf senescence and provides insights into the mechanism of melatonin-mediated antisenescence in postharvest Chinese kale.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Fen Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.D.); (C.Z.); (A.Z.); (H.H.); (Y.T.); (H.L.); (Z.H.)
| | - Bo Sun
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.D.); (C.Z.); (A.Z.); (H.H.); (Y.T.); (H.L.); (Z.H.)
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Huang Z, Meng S, Huang J, Zhou W, Song X, Hao P, Tang P, Cao Y, Zhang F, Li H, Tang Y, Sun B. Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Mechanism of Exogenous Selenium in Alleviating Cadmium Stress in Purple Flowering Stalks ( Brassica campestris var. purpuraria). Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1800. [PMID: 38339079 PMCID: PMC10855379 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In China, cadmium (Cd) stress has a significant role in limiting the development and productivity of purple flowering stalks (Brassica campestris var. purpuraria). Exogenous selenium supplementation has been demonstrated in earlier research to mitigate the effects of Cd stress in a range of plant species; nevertheless, the physiological and molecular processes by which exogenous selenium increases vegetable shoots' resistance to Cd stress remain unclear. Purple flowering stalks (Brassica campestris var. purpuraria) were chosen as the study subject to examine the effects of treatment with sodium selenite (Na2SeO3) on the physiology and transcriptome alterations of cadmium stress. Purple flowering stalk leaves treated with exogenous selenium had higher glutathione content, photosynthetic capacity, and antioxidant enzyme activities compared to the leaves treated with Cd stress alone. Conversely, the contents of proline, soluble proteins, soluble sugars, malondialdehyde, and intercellular CO2 concentration tended to decrease. Transcriptome analysis revealed that 2643 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were implicated in the response of exogenous selenium treatment to Cd stress. The metabolic pathways associated with flavonoid production, carotenoid synthesis, glutathione metabolism, and glucosinolate biosynthesis were among those enriched in these differentially expressed genes. Furthermore, we discovered DEGs connected to the production route of glucosinolates. This work sheds fresh light on how purple flowering stalks' tolerance to cadmium stress is improved by exogenous selenium.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yi Tang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Z.H.); (S.M.); (J.H.); (W.Z.); (X.S.); (P.H.); (Y.C.); (H.L.)
| | - Bo Sun
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Z.H.); (S.M.); (J.H.); (W.Z.); (X.S.); (P.H.); (Y.C.); (H.L.)
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Huang W, Zheng A, Huang H, Chen Z, Ma J, Li X, Liang Q, Li L, Liu R, Huang Z, Qin Y, Tang Y, Li H, Zhang F, Wang Q, Sun B. Effects of sgRNAs, Promoters, and Explants on the Gene Editing Efficiency of the CRISPR/Cas9 System in Chinese Kale. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13241. [PMID: 37686051 PMCID: PMC10487834 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The CRISPR/Cas9 system is extensively used for plant gene editing. This study developed an efficient CRISPR/Cas9 system for Chinese kale using multiple sgRNAs and two promoters to create various CRISPR/Cas9 vectors. These vectors targeted BoaZDS and BoaCRTISO in Chinese kale protoplasts and cotyledons. Transient transformation of Chinese kale protoplasts was assessed for editing efficiency at three BoaZDS sites. Notably, sgRNA: Z2 achieved the highest efficiency (90%). Efficiency reached 100% when two sgRNAs targeted BoaZDS with a deletion of a large fragment (576 bp) between them. However, simultaneous targeting of BoaZDS and BoaCRTISO yielded lower efficiency. Transformation of cotyledons led to Chinese kale mutants with albino phenotypes for boazds mutants and orange-mottled phenotypes for boacrtiso mutants. The mutation efficiency of 35S-CRISPR/Cas9 (92.59%) exceeded YAO-CRISPR/Cas9 (70.97%) in protoplasts, and YAO-CRISPR/Cas9 (96.49%) surpassed 35S-CRISPR/Cas9 (58%) in cotyledons. These findings introduce a strategy for enhancing CRISPR/Cas9 editing efficiency in Chinese kale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Huang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (W.H.); (A.Z.); (H.H.); (X.L.); (Q.L.); (L.L.); (R.L.); (Z.H.); (Y.Q.); (Y.T.); (H.L.); (F.Z.)
| | - Aihong Zheng
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (W.H.); (A.Z.); (H.H.); (X.L.); (Q.L.); (L.L.); (R.L.); (Z.H.); (Y.Q.); (Y.T.); (H.L.); (F.Z.)
| | - Huanhuan Huang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (W.H.); (A.Z.); (H.H.); (X.L.); (Q.L.); (L.L.); (R.L.); (Z.H.); (Y.Q.); (Y.T.); (H.L.); (F.Z.)
| | - Zhifeng Chen
- College of Biology and Agricultural Technology, Zunyi Normal University, Zunyi 563006, China;
| | - Jie Ma
- Bijie lnstitute of Agricultural Science, Bijie 551700, China;
| | - Xiangxiang Li
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (W.H.); (A.Z.); (H.H.); (X.L.); (Q.L.); (L.L.); (R.L.); (Z.H.); (Y.Q.); (Y.T.); (H.L.); (F.Z.)
| | - Qiannan Liang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (W.H.); (A.Z.); (H.H.); (X.L.); (Q.L.); (L.L.); (R.L.); (Z.H.); (Y.Q.); (Y.T.); (H.L.); (F.Z.)
| | - Ling Li
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (W.H.); (A.Z.); (H.H.); (X.L.); (Q.L.); (L.L.); (R.L.); (Z.H.); (Y.Q.); (Y.T.); (H.L.); (F.Z.)
| | - Ruobin Liu
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (W.H.); (A.Z.); (H.H.); (X.L.); (Q.L.); (L.L.); (R.L.); (Z.H.); (Y.Q.); (Y.T.); (H.L.); (F.Z.)
| | - Zhi Huang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (W.H.); (A.Z.); (H.H.); (X.L.); (Q.L.); (L.L.); (R.L.); (Z.H.); (Y.Q.); (Y.T.); (H.L.); (F.Z.)
| | - Yaoguo Qin
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (W.H.); (A.Z.); (H.H.); (X.L.); (Q.L.); (L.L.); (R.L.); (Z.H.); (Y.Q.); (Y.T.); (H.L.); (F.Z.)
| | - Yi Tang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (W.H.); (A.Z.); (H.H.); (X.L.); (Q.L.); (L.L.); (R.L.); (Z.H.); (Y.Q.); (Y.T.); (H.L.); (F.Z.)
| | - Huanxiu Li
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (W.H.); (A.Z.); (H.H.); (X.L.); (Q.L.); (L.L.); (R.L.); (Z.H.); (Y.Q.); (Y.T.); (H.L.); (F.Z.)
| | - Fen Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (W.H.); (A.Z.); (H.H.); (X.L.); (Q.L.); (L.L.); (R.L.); (Z.H.); (Y.Q.); (Y.T.); (H.L.); (F.Z.)
| | - Qiaomei Wang
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Bo Sun
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (W.H.); (A.Z.); (H.H.); (X.L.); (Q.L.); (L.L.); (R.L.); (Z.H.); (Y.Q.); (Y.T.); (H.L.); (F.Z.)
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Wang Y, Liang Q, Zhang C, Huang H, He H, Wang M, Li M, Huang Z, Tang Y, Chen Q, Miao H, Li H, Zhang F, Wang Q, Sun B. Sequencing and Analysis of Complete Chloroplast Genomes Provide Insight into the Evolution and Phylogeny of Chinese Kale ( Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10287. [PMID: 37373434 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chinese kale is a widely cultivated plant in the genus Brassica in the family Brassicaceae. The origin of Brassica has been studied extensively, but the origin of Chinese kale remains unclear. In contrast to Brassica oleracea, which originated in the Mediterranean region, Chinese kale originated in southern China. The chloroplast genome is often used for phylogenetic analysis because of its high conservatism. Fifteen pairs of universal primers were used to amplify the chloroplast genomes of white-flower Chinese kale (Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra cv. Sijicutiao (SJCT)) and yellow-flower Chinese kale (Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra cv. Fuzhouhuanghua (FZHH)) via PCR. The lengths of the chloroplast genomes were 153,365 bp (SJCT) and 153,420 bp (FZHH) and both contained 87 protein-coding genes and eight rRNA genes. There were 36 tRNA genes in SJCT and 35 tRNA genes in FZHH. The chloroplast genomes of both Chinese kale varieties, along with eight other Brassicaceae, were analyzed. Simple sequence repeats, long repeats, and variable regions of DNA barcodes were identified. An analysis of inverted repeat boundaries, relative synonymous codon usage, and synteny revealed high similarity among the ten species, albeit the slight differences that were observed. The Ka/Ks ratios and phylogenetic analysis suggest that Chinese kale is a variant of B. oleracea. The phylogenetic tree shows that both Chinese kale varieties and B. oleracea var. oleracea were clustered in a single group. The results of this study suggest that white and yellow flower Chinese kale comprise a monophyletic group and that their differences in flower color arose late in the process of artificial cultivation. Our results also provide data that will aid future research on genetics, evolution, and germplasm resources of Brassicaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qiannan Liang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Chenlu Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Huanhuan Huang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Hao He
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Mengyu Wang
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Mengyao Li
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhi Huang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yi Tang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qing Chen
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Huiying Miao
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Huanxiu Li
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Fen Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qiaomei Wang
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Bo Sun
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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Zhang Y, Huang W, Zhang C, Huang H, Yang S, Wang Y, Huang Z, Tang Y, Li X, Lian H, Li H, Zhang F, Sun B. Variation in the Main Health-Promoting Compounds and Antioxidant Capacity of Three Leafy Vegetables in Southwest China. Molecules 2023; 28:4780. [PMID: 37375335 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Malabar spinach (Basella alba), amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor), and sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) are leafy vegetables found in Southwest China. The variation of chlorophyll, carotenoids, ascorbic acid, total flavonoids, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant capacity was studied in the leaves and stems of the three vegetables. The content of main health-promoting compounds and the antioxidant capacity in the leaves were higher than that in the stems, indicating that the leaves of the three vegetables possess greater nutritional value. The trend of total flavonoids in all three vegetables was similar to the trend of antioxidant capacity, suggesting that the total flavonoids may be the major antioxidants wihin these vegetables. Eight individual phenolic compounds were detected in three different vegetables. The most abundant levels of individual phenolic compounds in the leaves and stems of malabar spinach, amaranth, and sweet potato were 6'-O-feruloyl-d-sucrose (9.04 and 2.03 mg g-1 DW), hydroxyferulic acid (10.14 and 0.73 mg g-1 DW), and isorhamnetin-7-O-glucoside (34.93 and 6.76 mg g-1 DW), respectively. Sweet potato exhibited a higher total and individual phenolic compound content compared to malabar spinach and amaranth. Overall, the results demonstrate that the three leafy vegetables possess high nutritional value, and could be used not only for consumption but also in various other fields, including medicine and chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Wenli Huang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Chenlu Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Huanhuan Huang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shihan Yang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yiqing Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhi Huang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yi Tang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaomei Li
- Rice and Sorghum Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Deyang 618000, China
- Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Variety Improvement Key Laboratory of Sichuan, Chengdu 610300, China
| | - Huashan Lian
- School of Agriculture and Horticulture, Chengdu Agricultural College, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Huanxiu Li
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Fen Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Bo Sun
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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