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Wang Z, Yan M, Ye L, Zhou Q, Duan Y, Jiang H, Wang L, Ouyang Y, Zhang H, Shen Y, Ji G, Chen X, Tian Q, Xiao L, Wu Q, Meng Y, Liu G, Ma L, Lei B, Lu Z, Xu D. VHL suppresses autophagy and tumor growth through PHD1-dependent Beclin1 hydroxylation. EMBO J 2024; 43:931-955. [PMID: 38360997 PMCID: PMC10943020 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-024-00051-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) protein, which is frequently mutated in clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), is a master regulator of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) that is involved in oxidative stresses. However, whether VHL possesses HIF-independent tumor-suppressing activity remains largely unclear. Here, we demonstrate that VHL suppresses nutrient stress-induced autophagy, and its deficiency in sporadic ccRCC specimens is linked to substantially elevated levels of autophagy and correlates with poorer patient prognosis. Mechanistically, VHL directly binds to the autophagy regulator Beclin1, after its PHD1-mediated hydroxylation on Pro54. This binding inhibits the association of Beclin1-VPS34 complexes with ATG14L, thereby inhibiting autophagy initiation in response to nutrient deficiency. Expression of non-hydroxylatable Beclin1 P54A abrogates VHL-mediated autophagy inhibition and significantly reduces the tumor-suppressing effect of VHL. In addition, Beclin1 P54-OH levels are inversely correlated with autophagy levels in wild-type VHL-expressing human ccRCC specimens, and with poor patient prognosis. Furthermore, combined treatment of VHL-deficient mouse tumors with autophagy inhibitors and HIF2α inhibitors suppresses tumor growth. These findings reveal an unexpected mechanism by which VHL suppresses tumor growth, and suggest a potential treatment for ccRCC through combined inhibition of both autophagy and HIF2α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310029, Hangzhou, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, 310029, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Meisi Yan
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Leiguang Ye
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Qimin Zhou
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200011, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuran Duan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310029, Hangzhou, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, 310029, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongfei Jiang
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, 266061, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310029, Hangzhou, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, 310029, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuan Ouyang
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Huahe Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cell Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 150001, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yuli Shen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310029, Hangzhou, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, 310029, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guimei Ji
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310029, Hangzhou, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, 310029, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaohan Chen
- Department of Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, 150001, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Qi Tian
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310029, Hangzhou, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, 310029, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liwei Xiao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310029, Hangzhou, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, 310029, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qingang Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310029, Hangzhou, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, 310029, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying Meng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310029, Hangzhou, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, 310029, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guijun Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310029, Hangzhou, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, 310029, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Leina Ma
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, 266061, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Bo Lei
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cell Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 150001, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Zhimin Lu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310029, Hangzhou, China.
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, 310029, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Daqian Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310029, Hangzhou, China.
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, 310029, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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