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Wang W, Yao L, Cheng CY, Zhang T, Atsumi H, Wang L, Wang G, Anilionyte O, Steiner H, Ou J, Zhou K, Wawrousek C, Petrecca K, Belcher AM, Karnik R, Zhao X, Wang DIC, Ishii H. Harnessing the hygroscopic and biofluorescent behaviors of genetically tractable microbial cells to design biohybrid wearables. Sci Adv 2017; 3:e1601984. [PMID: 28560325 PMCID: PMC5438213 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1601984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Cells' biomechanical responses to external stimuli have been intensively studied but rarely implemented into devices that interact with the human body. We demonstrate that the hygroscopic and biofluorescent behaviors of living cells can be engineered to design biohybrid wearables, which give multifunctional responsiveness to human sweat. By depositing genetically tractable microbes on a humidity-inert material to form a heterogeneous multilayered structure, we obtained biohybrid films that can reversibly change shape and biofluorescence intensity within a few seconds in response to environmental humidity gradients. Experimental characterization and mechanical modeling of the film were performed to guide the design of a wearable running suit and a fluorescent shoe prototype with bio-flaps that dynamically modulates ventilation in synergy with the body's need for cooling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- MIT Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Lining Yao
- MIT Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Chin-Yi Cheng
- MIT Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Architecture, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Teng Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Hiroshi Atsumi
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Luda Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Guanyun Wang
- MIT Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Oksana Anilionyte
- MIT Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Helene Steiner
- MIT Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jifei Ou
- MIT Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Kang Zhou
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117585, Singapore
| | - Chris Wawrousek
- New Balance Athletics, 190 Merrimack Street, Lawrence, MA 01843, USA
| | | | - Angela M. Belcher
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Rohit Karnik
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Xuanhe Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Daniel I. C. Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Hiroshi Ishii
- MIT Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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