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Charmetant X, Espi M, Benotmane I, Barateau V, Heibel F, Buron F, Gautier-Vargas G, Delafosse M, Perrin P, Koenig A, Cognard N, Levi C, Gallais F, Manière L, Rossolillo P, Soulier E, Pierre F, Ovize A, Morelon E, Defrance T, Fafi-Kremer S, Caillard S, Thaunat O. Infection or a third dose of mRNA vaccine elicits neutralizing antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2 in kidney transplant recipients. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabl6141. [PMID: 35103481 PMCID: PMC8939774 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abl6141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Transplant recipients, who receive therapeutic immunosuppression to prevent graft rejection, are characterized by high coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related mortality and defective response to vaccines. We observed that previous infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), but not the standard two-dose regimen of vaccination, provided protection against symptomatic COVID-19 in kidney transplant recipients. We therefore compared the cellular and humoral immune responses of these two groups of patients. Neutralizing anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD) immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies were identified as the primary correlate of protection for transplant recipients. Analysis of virus-specific B and T cell responses suggested that the generation of neutralizing anti-RBD IgG may have depended on cognate T-B cell interactions that took place in germinal center, potentially acting as a limiting checkpoint. High-dose mycophenolate mofetil, an immunosuppressive drug, was associated with fewer antigen-specific B and T follicular helper (TFH) cells after vaccination; this was not observed in patients recently infected with SARS-CoV-2. Last, we observed that, in two independent prospective cohorts, administration of a third dose of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine restored neutralizing titers of anti-RBD IgG in about 40% of individuals who had not previously responded to two doses of vaccine. Together, these findings suggest that a third dose of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine improves the RBD-specific responses of transplant patients treated with immunosuppressive drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Charmetant
- CIRI, INSERM U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, CNRS UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Univ. Lyon, 21 avenue Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Maxime Espi
- CIRI, INSERM U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, CNRS UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Univ. Lyon, 21 avenue Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Ilies Benotmane
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation, Strasbourg University Hospital, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Department of Virology, Strasbourg University Hospital, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Inserm UMR S1109, LabEx Transplantex, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Véronique Barateau
- CIRI, INSERM U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, CNRS UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Univ. Lyon, 21 avenue Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Francoise Heibel
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation, Strasbourg University Hospital, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Fanny Buron
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Department of Transplantation, Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, 5, place d’Arsonval, 69003 Lyon, France
| | - Gabriela Gautier-Vargas
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation, Strasbourg University Hospital, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Marion Delafosse
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Department of Transplantation, Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, 5, place d’Arsonval, 69003 Lyon, France
| | - Peggy Perrin
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation, Strasbourg University Hospital, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Alice Koenig
- CIRI, INSERM U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, CNRS UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Univ. Lyon, 21 avenue Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Department of Transplantation, Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, 5, place d’Arsonval, 69003 Lyon, France
- Claude Bernard University (Lyon 1), 43 boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne France
| | - Noëlle Cognard
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation, Strasbourg University Hospital, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Charlène Levi
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Department of Transplantation, Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, 5, place d’Arsonval, 69003 Lyon, France
| | - Floriane Gallais
- Department of Virology, Strasbourg University Hospital, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Inserm UMR S1109, LabEx Transplantex, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Louis Manière
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Department of Transplantation, Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, 5, place d’Arsonval, 69003 Lyon, France
| | - Paola Rossolillo
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 7104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1258, Université de Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Eric Soulier
- Inserm UMR S1109, LabEx Transplantex, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Florian Pierre
- Inserm UMR S1109, LabEx Transplantex, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Anne Ovize
- Eurofins Biomnis Laboratory, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Emmanuel Morelon
- CIRI, INSERM U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, CNRS UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Univ. Lyon, 21 avenue Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Department of Transplantation, Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, 5, place d’Arsonval, 69003 Lyon, France
- Claude Bernard University (Lyon 1), 43 boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne France
| | - Thierry Defrance
- CIRI, INSERM U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, CNRS UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Univ. Lyon, 21 avenue Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Samira Fafi-Kremer
- Department of Virology, Strasbourg University Hospital, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Inserm UMR S1109, LabEx Transplantex, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Sophie Caillard
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation, Strasbourg University Hospital, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Department of Virology, Strasbourg University Hospital, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Inserm UMR S1109, LabEx Transplantex, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Olivier Thaunat
- CIRI, INSERM U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, CNRS UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Univ. Lyon, 21 avenue Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Department of Transplantation, Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, 5, place d’Arsonval, 69003 Lyon, France
- Claude Bernard University (Lyon 1), 43 boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne France
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