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Shen W, Liu X, Shi C, Yang J, Zhao S, Yang Z, Wang D. Influences of Four Kinds of Surfactants on Biodegradations of Tar-Rich Coal in the Ordos Basin by Bacillus bicheniformis. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2397. [PMID: 37894055 PMCID: PMC10609336 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The biodegradation of tar-rich coal in the Ordos Basin was carried out by Bacillus licheniformis (B. licheniformis) under actions of four kinds of surfactants, namely, a biological surfactant (Rh), a nonionic surfactant (Triton X-100), an anionic surfactant (LAS), and a cationic surfactant (DTAB). The biodegradation rates under the actions of Triton X-100, LAS, Rh, DTAB, and the control group (without surfactant) were 59.8%, 54.3%, 51.6%, 17.3%, and 43.5%, respectively. The biodegradation mechanism was studied by examining the influences of surfactants on coal samples, bacteria, and degradation products in the degradation process. The results demonstrated that Rh, Triton X-100, and LAS could promote bacterial growth, while DTAB had the opposite effect. Four surfactants all increased the cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH) of B. licheniformis, and Triton X-100 demonstrated the most significant promotion of CSH. The order of improvement in microbial cell permeability by surfactants was DTAB > TritonX-100 > LAS > Rh > control group. In the presence of four surfactants, Triton X-100 exhibited the best hydrophilicity improvement for oxidized coal. Overall, among the four surfactants, Triton X-100 ranked first in enhancing the CSH of bacteria and the hydrophilicity of oxidized coal and second in improving microbial cell permeability; thus, Triton X-100 was the most suitable surfactant for promoting B. licheniformis's biodegradation of tar-rich coal. The GC-MS showed that, after the action of Triton X-100, the amount of the identified degradation compounds in the toluene extract of the liquid product decreased by 16 compared to the control group, the amount of dichloromethane extract decreased by 6, and the amount of ethyl acetate extract increased by 6. Simultaneously, the contents of alkanes in the extracts of toluene and dichloromethane decreased, lipids increased, and ethyl acetate extract exhibited little change. The FTIR analysis of the coal sample suggested that, under the action of Triton X-100, compared to oxidized coal, the Har/H and A(CH2)/A(CH3) of the remaining coal decreased by 0.07 and 1.38, respectively, indicating that Triton X-100 enhanced the degradation of aromatic and aliphatic structures of oxidized coal. Therefore, adding a suitable surfactant can promote the biodegradation of tar-rich coal and enrich its degradation product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wensheng Shen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, China; (W.S.); (C.S.); (J.Y.); (S.Z.); (Z.Y.)
- State Key Laboratory of Green and Low-Carbon Development of Tar-Rich Coal in Western China, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China;
| | - Xiangrong Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, China; (W.S.); (C.S.); (J.Y.); (S.Z.); (Z.Y.)
- State Key Laboratory of Green and Low-Carbon Development of Tar-Rich Coal in Western China, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China;
| | - Chen Shi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, China; (W.S.); (C.S.); (J.Y.); (S.Z.); (Z.Y.)
- State Key Laboratory of Green and Low-Carbon Development of Tar-Rich Coal in Western China, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China;
| | - Jie Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, China; (W.S.); (C.S.); (J.Y.); (S.Z.); (Z.Y.)
- State Key Laboratory of Green and Low-Carbon Development of Tar-Rich Coal in Western China, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China;
| | - Shunsheng Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, China; (W.S.); (C.S.); (J.Y.); (S.Z.); (Z.Y.)
- State Key Laboratory of Green and Low-Carbon Development of Tar-Rich Coal in Western China, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China;
| | - Zaiwen Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, China; (W.S.); (C.S.); (J.Y.); (S.Z.); (Z.Y.)
- State Key Laboratory of Green and Low-Carbon Development of Tar-Rich Coal in Western China, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China;
| | - Dan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Green and Low-Carbon Development of Tar-Rich Coal in Western China, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China;
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Tian J, Li X, Fu X, Li G, Liu M, Chen Z, Chang H. Permeability Loss of Bituminous Coal Induced by Water and Salinity Sensitivities: Implications of Minerals' Occurrence and Pore Structure Complexity. ACS Omega 2022; 7:3522-3539. [PMID: 35128260 PMCID: PMC8811932 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Water sensitivity (WS) and salinity sensitivity (SS) are key issues to be investigated for instructing coalbed methane (CBM) production. This work studied the influences of minerals and pores on WS and SS of medium-volatile bituminous coal (MVBC) and highly volatile bituminous coal (HVBC) deposited in northwestern China by detecting and observing minerals using the TESCAN Integrated Mineral Analyzer, simulating WS and SS, and characterizing pore structural complexities using rate-controlled mercury penetration. The results show that (1) kaolinite is mainly distributed as irregular particles or fragile aggregates attaching on the bedding surface or filling in meso-pores or transition pores, showing a high potential for detachment; (2) MVBC and HVBC in this study are characterized as medium to weak WS and weak SS, respectively; (3) for HVBC during the WS or SS process, kaolinite distributed in meso-pores or transition pores first detaches and then migrates to the narrow throat of macro-pores and super macro-pores, leading to volume decreases of macro-pores and super macro-pores and loss of permeability; and (4) kaolinite filling in macro-pores of MVBC detaches, then migrates, and finally deposits in super macro-pores after WS and SS, leading to losses of super macro-pore volume and permeability. Results of this study can enhance the scientific knowledge on WS and SS of coal during CBM development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jijun Tian
- State
Key Laboratory of Coal and Coalbed Methane Co-mining, Shanxi Jincheng Anthracite Mining Group Co., Ltd, Jincheng, Shanxi Province 048012, China
- School
of Geology and Mining Engineering, Xinjiang
University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 830047, China
| | - Xin Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Coal and Coalbed Methane Co-mining, Shanxi Jincheng Anthracite Mining Group Co., Ltd, Jincheng, Shanxi Province 048012, China
- Xinjiang
Key Laboratory for Geodynamic Processes and Metallogenic Prognosis
of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt, Xinjiang
University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 830047, China
| | - Xuehai Fu
- School
of Resources & Earth Science, China
University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province 221008, China
| | - Guofu Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Coal and Coalbed Methane Co-mining, Shanxi Jincheng Anthracite Mining Group Co., Ltd, Jincheng, Shanxi Province 048012, China
| | - Mingjie Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Coal and Coalbed Methane Co-mining, Shanxi Jincheng Anthracite Mining Group Co., Ltd, Jincheng, Shanxi Province 048012, China
| | - Zhaoying Chen
- State
Key Laboratory of Coal and Coalbed Methane Co-mining, Shanxi Jincheng Anthracite Mining Group Co., Ltd, Jincheng, Shanxi Province 048012, China
| | - Huizhen Chang
- State
Key Laboratory of Coal and Coalbed Methane Co-mining, Shanxi Jincheng Anthracite Mining Group Co., Ltd, Jincheng, Shanxi Province 048012, China
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