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Zhang R, Zheng X, Cheng X, Xu J, Li Y, Zhou Q, Xin J, Yan D, Lu X. Degradation of Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Catalyzed by Nonmetallic Dibasic Ionic Liquids under UV Radiation. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:1583. [PMID: 38612097 PMCID: PMC11012343 DOI: 10.3390/ma17071583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Nonmetallic ionic liquids (ILs) exhibit unique advantages in catalyzing poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) glycolysis, but usually require longer reaction times. We found that exposure to UV radiation can accelerate the glycolysis reaction and significantly reduce the reaction time. In this work, we synthesized five nonmetallic dibasic ILs, and their glycolysis catalytic activity was investigated. 1,8-diazabicyclo [5,4,0] undec-7-ene imidazole ([HDBU]Im) exhibited better catalytic performance. Meanwhile, UV radiation is used as a reinforcement method to improve the PET glycolysis efficiency. Under optimal conditions (5 g PET, 20 g ethylene glycol (EG), 0.25 g [HDBU]Im, 10,000 µW·cm-2 UV radiation reacted for 90 min at 185 °C), the PET conversion and BHET yield were 100% and 88.9%, respectively. Based on the UV-visible spectrum, it was found that UV radiation can activate the C=O in PET. Hence, the incorporation of UV radiation can considerably diminish the activation energy of the reaction, shortening the reaction time of PET degradation. Finally, a possible reaction mechanism of [HDBU]Im-catalyzed PET glycolysis under UV radiation was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (R.Z.); (J.X.)
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xu Zheng
- College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Xiujie Cheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (R.Z.); (J.X.)
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Junli Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (R.Z.); (J.X.)
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yi Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (R.Z.); (J.X.)
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (R.Z.); (J.X.)
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiayu Xin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (R.Z.); (J.X.)
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dongxia Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (R.Z.); (J.X.)
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xingmei Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (R.Z.); (J.X.)
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Liu C, Cui ZX, Jia S, Cheng J, Cao C, Guo Y, Zhu Y, Liang D, Wang H. Accelerated submillimeter wave-encoded magnetic resonance imaging via deep untrained neural network. Med Phys 2023; 50:7684-7699. [PMID: 37073772 DOI: 10.1002/mp.16425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wave gradient encoding can adequately utilize coil sensitivity profiles to facilitate higher accelerations in parallel magnetic resonance imaging (pMRI). However, there are limitations in mainstream pMRI and a few deep learning (DL) methods for recovering missing data under wave encoding framework: the former is prone to introduce errors from the auto-calibration signals (ACS) signal acquisition and is time-consuming, while the latter requires a large amount of training data. PURPOSE To tackle the above issues, an untrained neural network (UNN) model incorporating wave-encoded physical properties and deep generative model, named WDGM, was proposed with additional ACS- and training data-free. METHODS Generally, the proposed method can provide powerful missing data interpolation capability using the wave physical encoding framework and designed UNN to characterize the MR image (k-space data) priors. Specifically, the MRI reconstruction combining physical wave encoding and elaborate UNN is modeled as a generalized minimization problem. The designation of UNN is driven by the coil sensitivity maps (CSM) smoothness and k-space linear predictability. And then, the iterative paradigm to recover the full k-space signal is determined by the projected gradient descent, and the complex computation is unrolled to the network with optimized parameters by the optimizer. Simulated wave encoding and in vivo experiments are exploited to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method. The best quantitative metrics RMSE/SSIM/PSNR of 0.0413, 0.9514, and 37.4862 gave competitive results in all experiments with at least six-fold acceleration, respectively. RESULTS In vivo experiments of human brains and knees showed that the proposed method can achieve comparable reconstruction quality and even has superiority relative to the comparison, especially at a high resolution of 0.67 mm and fewer ACS. In addition, the proposed method has a higher computational efficiency achieving a computation time of 9.6 s/per slice. CONCLUSIONS The model proposed in this work addresses two limitations of MRI reconstruction in the wave encoding framework. The first is to eliminate the need for ACS signal acquisition to perform the time-consuming calibration process and to avoid errors such as motion during the acquisition procedure. Furthermore, the proposed method has clinical application friendly without the need to prepare large training datasets, which is difficult in the clinical. All results of the proposed method demonstrate more confidence in both quantitative and qualitative metrics. In addition, the proposed method can achieve higher computational efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Liu
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuo-Xu Cui
- Research Center for Medical AI, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Sen Jia
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing Cheng
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chentao Cao
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yifan Guo
- Research Center for Medical AI, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanjie Zhu
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Liang
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Research Center for Medical AI, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Haifeng Wang
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Yin S, Ma XY, Sun YF, Yin YQ, Long Y, Zhao CL, Ma JW, Li S, Hu Y, Li MT, Hu G, Zhou JW. RGS5 augments astrocyte activation and facilitates neuroinflammation via TNF signaling. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:203. [PMID: 37674228 PMCID: PMC10481574 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02884-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes contribute to chronic neuroinflammation in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD), the most common movement disorder. However, the precise role of astrocytes in neuroinflammation remains incompletely understood. Herein, we show that regulator of G-protein signaling 5 (RGS5) promotes neurodegenerative process through augmenting astrocytic tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) signaling. We found that selective ablation of Rgs5 in astrocytes caused an inhibition in the production of cytokines resulting in mitigated neuroinflammatory response and neuronal survival in animal models of PD, whereas overexpression of Rgs5 had the opposite effects. Mechanistically, RGS5 switched astrocytes from neuroprotective to pro-inflammatory property via binding to the receptor TNFR2. RGS5 also augmented TNFR signaling-mediated pro-inflammatory response by interacting with the receptor TNFR1. Moreover, interrupting RGS5/TNFR interaction by either RGS5 aa 1-108 or small molecular compounds feshurin and butein, suppressed astrocytic cytokine production. We showed that the transcription of astrocytic RGS5 was controlled by transcription factor early B cell factor 1 whose expression was reciprocally influenced by RGS5-modulated TNF signaling. Thus, our study indicates that beyond its traditional role in G-protein coupled receptor signaling, astrocytic RGS5 is a key modulator of TNF signaling circuit with resultant activation of astrocytes thereby contributing to chronic neuroinflammation. Blockade of the astrocytic RGS5/TNFR interaction is a potential therapeutic strategy for neuroinflammation-associated neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Yin
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xin-Yue Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying-Feng Sun
- Center for Brain Disorders Research, Center of Parkinson's Disease, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Yan-Qing Yin
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Ying Long
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chun-Lai Zhao
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Jun-Wei Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sen Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yan Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function, Disease, Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ming-Tao Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function, Disease, Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Gang Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jia-Wei Zhou
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Shanghai Center for Brain Science, Brain-Inspired Intelligence Technology, Shanghai, 201210, China.
- Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.
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Ma S, Zhong H, Liu X, Wang L. Spatial Distribution of Neurons Expressing Single, Double, and Triple Molecular Characteristics of Glutamatergic, Dopaminergic, or GABAergic Neurons in the Mouse Ventral Tegmental Area. J Mol Neurosci 2023; 73:345-362. [PMID: 37243808 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-023-02121-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The ventral tegmental area (VTA) is a heterogeneous midbrain area that plays a significant role in diverse neural processes such as reward, aversion, and motivation. The VTA contains three main neuronal populations, namely, dopamine (DA), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and glutamate neurons, but some neurons exhibit combinatorial molecular characteristics of dopaminergic, GABAergic, or glutamatergic neurons. However, little information is available regarding detailed distribution of neurons with single, double, and triple molecular characteristics of glutamatergic, dopaminergic, or GABAergic neurons in mice. We present a topographical distribution map of three main neuronal populations expressing a single molecular characteristic of dopaminergic, GABAergic, or glutamatergic neurons, and four neuronal populations co-expressing double or triple molecular characteristics in combinatorial manners, in the mouse VTA, following analysis of triple fluorescent in situ hybridization for the simultaneous detection of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH, marker for dopaminergic neurons), vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGLUT2, marker for glutamatergic neurons), and glutamic acid decarboxylase 2 (GAD2, marker for GABAergic neurons) mRNA. We found that the vast majority of neurons expressed a single type of mRNA, and these neurons were intermingled with neurons co-expressing double or triple combinations of VGLUT2, TH, or GAD2 in the VTA. These seven neuronal populations were differentially distributed in the VTA sub-nuclei across the rostro-caudal and latero-medial axes. This histochemical study will lead to a deeper understanding of the complexity of neuronal molecular characteristics in different VTA sub-nuclei, and potentially facilitate clarification of diverse functions of the VTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Ma
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Modulation, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Hao Zhong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Modulation, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xuemei Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Modulation, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Liping Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Modulation, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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Lin H, Yao Y, Sun P, Feng L, Wang S, Ren Y, Yu X, Xi Z, Liu J. Haplotype-resolved genomes of two buckwheat crops provide insights into their contrasted rutin concentrations and reproductive systems. BMC Biol 2023; 21:87. [PMID: 37069628 PMCID: PMC10111841 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-023-01587-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Two widely cultivated annual buckwheat crops, Fagopyrum esculentum and F. tataricum, differ from each other in both rutin concentration and reproductive system. However, the underlying genetic mechanisms remain poorly elucidated. RESULTS Here, we report the first haplotype-resolved chromosome-level genome assemblies of the two species. Two haplotype genomes of F. esculentum were assembled as 1.23 and 1.19 Gb with N50 = 9.8 and 12.4 Mb, respectively; the two haplotype genomes of F. tataricum were 453.7 and 446.2 Mb with N50 = 50 and 30 Mb, respectively. We further annotated protein-coding genes of each haplotype genome based on available gene sets and 48 newly sequenced transcriptomes. We found that more repetitive sequences, especially expansion of long terminal repeat retrotransposons (LTR-RTs), contributed to the large genome size of F. esculentum. Based on the well-annotated sequences, gene expressions, and luciferase experiments, we identified the sequence mutations of the promoter regions of two key genes that are likely to have greatly contributed to the high rutin concentration and selfing reproduction in F. tartaricum. CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight the importance of high-quality genomes to identify genetic mutations underlying phenotypic differences between closely related species. F. tataricum may have been experienced stronger selection than F. esculentum through choosing these two non-coding alleles for the desired cultivation traits. These findings further suggest that genetic manipulation of the non-coding promoter regions could be widely employed for breeding buckwheat and other crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Lin
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education & Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-Di Herbs, Beijng, 100700, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingjun Yao
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education & Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Pengchuan Sun
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education & Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Landi Feng
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education & Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education & Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yumeng Ren
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education & Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xi Yu
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education & Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhengxiang Xi
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education & Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianquan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education & Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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Feng Z, Ren X, Duren Z, Wang Y. Human Genetic Variants Associated with COVID-19 Severity are Enriched in Immune and Epithelium Regulatory Networks. Phenomics 2022; 2:389-403. [PMID: 35990388 PMCID: PMC9375061 DOI: 10.1007/s43657-022-00066-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhanying Feng
- CEMS, NCMIS, HCMS, MDIS, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
- School of Mathematics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Xianwen Ren
- School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
| | - Zhana Duren
- Center for Human Genetics and Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Greenwood, SC 29646 USA
| | - Yong Wang
- CEMS, NCMIS, HCMS, MDIS, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
- School of Mathematics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223 China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 330106 China
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Ye S, Li W, Wang H, Zhu L, Wang C, Yang Y. Quantitative Nanomechanical Analysis of Small Extracellular Vesicles for Tumor Malignancy Indication. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2021; 8:e2100825. [PMID: 34338437 PMCID: PMC8456224 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202100825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The nanomechanical properties of tumor-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are essential to cancer progression. Here, nanoindentation is utilized on atomic force microscopy (AFM) to quantitatively investigate the nanomechanical properties of human breast cancer cell-derived sEVs at single vesicle level and explore their relationship with tumor malignancy and vesicle size. It is demonstrated that the stiffness of the sEVs results from the combined contribution of the bending modulus and osmotic pressure of the sEVs. The stiffness and osmotic pressure increase with increasing malignancy of the sEVs and decrease with increasing size of the sEVs. The bending modulus decreases with increasing malignancy of the sEVs and is lower in smaller sEVs. This study builds relationship between the nanomechanical signature of the sEV and tumor malignancy, adding information for better understanding cancer mechanobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Ye
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for NanotechnologyCAS Key Laboratory of Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and NanosafetyCAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyBeijing100190P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
- Department of ChemistryTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084P. R. China
| | - Wenzhe Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for NanotechnologyCAS Key Laboratory of Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and NanosafetyCAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyBeijing100190P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic DrugsSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing100871P. R. China
| | - Huayi Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for NanotechnologyCAS Key Laboratory of Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and NanosafetyCAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyBeijing100190P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
- Translational Medicine CenterChinese Institute for Brain Research (CIBR)Beijing102206P. R. China
| | - Ling Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for NanotechnologyCAS Key Laboratory of Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and NanosafetyCAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyBeijing100190P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Chen Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for NanotechnologyCAS Key Laboratory of Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and NanosafetyCAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyBeijing100190P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Yanlian Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for NanotechnologyCAS Key Laboratory of Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and NanosafetyCAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyBeijing100190P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
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Hong J, Bo T, Xi L, Xu X, He N, Zhan Y, Li W, Liang P, Chen Y, Shi J, Li D, Yan F, Gu W, Wang W, Liu R, Wang J, Wang Z, Ning G. Reversal of Functional Brain Activity Related to Gut Microbiome and Hormones After VSG Surgery in Patients With Obesity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e3619-e3633. [PMID: 33950216 PMCID: PMC8372652 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) is becoming a prioritized surgical intervention for obese individuals; however, the brain circuits that mediate its effective control of food intake and predict surgical outcome remain largely unclear. OBJECTIVE We investigated VSG-correlated alterations of the gut-brain axis. METHODS In this observational cohort study, 80 patients with obesity were screened. A total of 36 patients together with 26 normal-weight subjects were enrolled and evaluated using the 21-item Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ), MRI scanning, plasma intestinal hormone analysis, and fecal sample sequencing. Thirty-two patients underwent VSG treatment and 19 subjects completed an average of 4-month follow-up evaluation. Data-driven regional homogeneity (ReHo) coupled with seed-based connectivity analysis were used to quantify VSG-related brain activity. Longitudinal alterations of body weight, eating behavior, brain activity, gastrointestinal hormones, and gut microbiota were detected and subjected to repeated measures correlation analysis. RESULTS VSG induced significant functional changes in the right putamen (PUT.R) and left supplementary motor area, both of which correlated with weight loss and TFEQ scores. Moreover, postprandial levels of active glucagon-like peptide-1 (aGLP-1) and Ghrelin were associated with ReHo of PUT.R; meanwhile, relative abundance of Clostridia increased by VSG was associated with improvements in aGLP-1 secretion, PUT.R activity, and weight loss. Importantly, VSG normalized excessive functional connectivities with PUT.R, among which baseline connectivity between PUT.R and right orbitofrontal cortex was related to postoperative weight loss. CONCLUSION VSG causes correlated alterations of gut-brain axis, including Clostridia, postprandial aGLP-1, PUT.R activity, and eating habits. Preoperative connectivity of PUT.R may represent a potential predictive marker of surgical outcome in patients with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Hong
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Chinese Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Tingting Bo
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liuqing Xi
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Chinese Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai 200025, China
| | | | - Naying He
- Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital, SJTUSM, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yafeng Zhan
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wanyu Li
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Chinese Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Peiwen Liang
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Chinese Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yufei Chen
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Chinese Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Juan Shi
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Chinese Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Danjie Li
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Chinese Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Fuhua Yan
- Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital, SJTUSM, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Weiqiong Gu
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Chinese Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Weiqing Wang
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Chinese Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Ruixin Liu
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Chinese Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jiqiu Wang
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Chinese Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Technology, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Guang Ning
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Chinese Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai 200025, China
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9
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Chen S, Tan Z, Xia W, Gomes CA, Zhang X, Zhou W, Liang S, Axmacher N, Wang L. Theta oscillations synchronize human medial prefrontal cortex and amygdala during fear learning. Sci Adv 2021; 7:7/34/eabf4198. [PMID: 34407939 PMCID: PMC8373137 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf4198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Numerous animal studies have demonstrated that fear acquisition and expression rely on the coordinated activity of medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and amygdala and that theta oscillations support interregional communication within the fear network. However, it remains unclear whether these results can be generalized to fear learning in humans. We addressed this question using intracranial electroencephalography recordings in 13 patients with epilepsy during a fear conditioning paradigm. We observed increased power and inter-regional synchronization of amygdala and mPFC in theta (4 to 8 hertz) oscillations for conditioned stimulus (CS+) versus CS-. Analysis of information flow revealed that the dorsal mPFC (dmPFC) led amygdala activity in theta oscillations. Last, a computational model showed that trial-by-trial changes in amygdala theta oscillations predicted the model-based associability (i.e., learning rate). This study provides compelling evidence that theta oscillations within and between amygdala, ventral mPFC, and dmPFC constitute a general mechanism of fear learning across species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Tan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenran Xia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Carlos Alexandre Gomes
- Department of Neuropsychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Xilei Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjing Zhou
- Epilepsy Center, Tsinghua University Yuquan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shuli Liang
- Functional Neurosurgery Department, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Nikolai Axmacher
- Department of Neuropsychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Xinjiekouwai Street 19, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Liang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China.
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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10
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Abstract
The nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) plays a crucial role in integrating peripheral information regarding visceral functions. Glutamate decarboxylase 2 (GAD2) inhibitory neurons are abundant in the NTS, and are known to form local and short-range projections within the NTS and nearby hindbrain areas. Here we performed whole-brain mapping of outputs from GAD2 neurons in the NTS using cell-type specific viral labeling together with ultrahigh-speed 3D imaging at 1-μm resolution. In addition to well-known targets of NTS GAD2 neurons including the principle sensory nucleus of the trigeminal (PSV), spinal nucleus of the trigeminal (SPV), and other short-range targets within the hindbrain, the high sensitivity of our system helps reveal previously unknown long-range projections that target forebrain regions, including the bed nuclei of the stria terminalis (BST) involved in stress and fear responses, and the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVH) involved in energy balance and stress-related neuroendocrine responses. The long-range projections were further verified by retrograde labeling of NTS GAD2 neurons with cholera toxin B (CTB) injections in the BST and PVH, and by Cre-dependent retrograde tracing with rAAV2-retro injections in the two regions of GAD2-Cre mice. Finally, we performed complete morphological reconstruction of several sparsely labeled neurons projecting to the forebrain and midbrain. These results provide new insights about how NTS might participate in physiological and emotional modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Yu Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Lu-Feng Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yu-Hong Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yu-Xiao Cheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Bi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai, China.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Interdisciplinary Center for Brain Information, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
- Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Pak-Ming Lau
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Interdisciplinary Center for Brain Information, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
- Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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11
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Fan CC, Yang H, Hou ZG, Ni ZL, Chen S, Fang Z. Bilinear neural network with 3-D attention for brain decoding of motor imagery movements from the human EEG. Cogn Neurodyn 2021; 15:181-189. [PMID: 33786088 PMCID: PMC7947100 DOI: 10.1007/s11571-020-09649-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep learning has achieved great success in areas such as computer vision and natural language processing. In the past, some work used convolutional networks to process EEG signals and reached or exceeded traditional machine learning methods. We propose a novel network structure and call it QNet. It contains a newly designed attention module: 3D-AM, which is used to learn the attention weights of EEG channels, time points, and feature maps. It provides a way to automatically learn the electrode and time selection. QNet uses a dual branch structure to fuse bilinear vectors for classification. It performs four, three, and two classes on the EEG Motor Movement/Imagery Dataset. The average cross-validation accuracy of 65.82%, 74.75%, and 82.88% was obtained, which are 7.24%, 4.93%, and 2.45% outperforms than the state-of-the-art, respectively. The article also visualizes the attention weights learned by QNet and shows its possible application for electrode channel selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Chen Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
- School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Hongjun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
| | - Zeng-Guang Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
- School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Beijing, 100190 China
| | - Zhen-Liang Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
- School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Sheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
- School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Zhijie Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
- School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
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12
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Zhang C, Kim SG, Li J, Zhang Y, Lv Q, Zeljic K, Gong H, Wei H, Liu W, Sun B, Wang Z, Voon V. Anterior limb of the internal capsule tractography: relationship with capsulotomy outcomes in obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2021; 92:jnnp-2020-323062. [PMID: 33461976 PMCID: PMC8142462 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2020-323062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Surgical procedures targeting the anterior limb of the internal capsule (aLIC) can be effective in patients with selected treatment-refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The aLIC consists of white-matter tracts connecting cortical and subcortical structures and show a topographical organisation. Here we assess how aLIC streamlines are affected in OCD compared with healthy controls (HCs) and which streamlines are related with post-capsulotomy improvement. METHODS Diffusion-weighted MRI was used to compare white-matter microstructure via the aLIC between patients with OCD (n=100, 40 women, mean of age 31.8 years) and HCs (n=88, 39 women, mean of age 29.6 years). For each individual, the fractional anisotropy (FA) and streamline counts were calculated for each white-matter fibre bundle connecting a functionally defined prefrontal and subcortical region. Correlations between tractography measures and pre-capsulotomy and post-capsulotomy clinical outcomes (in obsessive-compulsive, anxiety and depression scores 6 months after surgery) were assessed in 41 patients with OCD. RESULTS Hierarchical clustering dendrograms show an aLIC organisation clustering lateral and dissociating ventral and dorsal prefrontal-thalamic streamlines, findings highly relevant to surgical targeting. Compared with HCs, patients with OCD had lower aLIC FA across multiple prefrontal cortical-subcortical regions (p<0.0073, false discovery rate-adjusted). Greater streamline counts of the dorsolateral prefrontal-thalamic tracts in patients with OCD predicted greater post-capsulotomy obsessive-compulsive improvement (p=0.016). In contrast, greater counts of the dorsal cingulate-thalamic streamlines predicted surgical outcomes mediated by depressive and anxiety improvements. CONCLUSIONS These findings shed light on the critical role of the aLIC in OCD and may potentially contribute towards precision targeting to optimise outcomes in OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chencheng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Functional Neurosurgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical School Affiliated Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Seung-Goo Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Functional Neurosurgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical School Affiliated Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Functional Neurosurgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical School Affiliated Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiming Lv
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Shanghai, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kristina Zeljic
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Shanghai, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hengfen Gong
- Department of Psychiatry, Pudong District Mental Health Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongjiang Wei
- Institute for Medical Imaging Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjuan Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bomin Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Functional Neurosurgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical School Affiliated Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Valerie Voon
- Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK
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13
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Lv Q, Yan M, Shen X, Wu J, Yu W, Yan S, Yang F, Zeljic K, Shi Y, Zhou Z, Lv L, Hu X, Menon R, Wang Z. Normative Analysis of Individual Brain Differences Based on a Population MRI-Based Atlas of Cynomolgus Macaques. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:341-355. [PMID: 32844170 PMCID: PMC7727342 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The developmental trajectory of the primate brain varies substantially with aging across subjects. However, this ubiquitous variability between individuals in brain structure is difficult to quantify and has thus essentially been ignored. Based on a large-scale structural magnetic resonance imaging dataset acquired from 162 cynomolgus macaques, we create a species-specific 3D template atlas of the macaque brain, and deploy normative modeling to characterize individual variations of cortical thickness (CT) and regional gray matter volume (GMV). We observed an overall decrease in total GMV and mean CT, and an increase in white matter volume from juvenile to early adult. Specifically, CT and regional GMV were greater in prefrontal and temporal cortices relative to early unimodal areas. Age-dependent trajectories of thickness and volume for each cortical region revealed an increase in the medial temporal lobe, and decreases in all other regions. A low percentage of highly individualized deviations of CT and GMV were identified (0.0021%, 0.0043%, respectively, P < 0.05, false discovery rate [FDR]-corrected). Our approach provides a natural framework to parse individual neuroanatomical differences for use as a reference standard in macaque brain research, potentially enabling inferences regarding the degree to which behavioral or symptomatic variables map onto brain structure in future disease studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiming Lv
- National Resource Center for Non-human Primates, Kunming Primate Research Center, and National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingchao Yan
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangyu Shen
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Wu
- National Resource Center for Non-human Primates, Kunming Primate Research Center, and National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Wenwen Yu
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengyao Yan
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Yang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Kristina Zeljic
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuequan Shi
- Department of Radiology, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children’s Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zuofu Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children’s Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Longbao Lv
- National Resource Center for Non-human Primates, Kunming Primate Research Center, and National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xintian Hu
- National Resource Center for Non-human Primates, Kunming Primate Research Center, and National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ravi Menon
- Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zheng Wang
- National Resource Center for Non-human Primates, Kunming Primate Research Center, and National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-inspired Intelligence Technology, Shanghai, China
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Barbaix S, Kurban A, De Maeyer P, Chen X, Bourgeois J. The use of historical sources in a multi-layered methodology for karez research in Turpan, China. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 12:281-297. [PMID: 33224321 PMCID: PMC7672419 DOI: 10.1007/s12685-020-00259-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In this article, we will present an overview of possible research methods to handle historical sources, in the specific case of karez landscapes. A karez system is an underground water collection system, prevalent in the Turpan basin of China. Sources and the associated methodology have become more important today, because of contemporary issues such as modernisation, urbanisation and agricultural expansion. These problems make it harder to read the landscape, which is why we have to start extracting our data from maps, reports, photographs, and satellite imagery. We will give a short overview of sources, each with an explanation of their processing method. Despite certain cautions that should be taken into account, these methods clearly complement the current state of knowledge on the Turpan karez. As this paper is part of a special issue, Water History in the time of COVID-19, it has undergone modified peer review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Barbaix
- Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 818 South Beijing Road, Urumqi, 830011 Xinjiang China
- Department of Archaeology, Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Sino-Belgian Joint Laboratory for Geo-Information, Ghent and Urumqi, Belgium
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Alishir Kurban
- Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 818 South Beijing Road, Urumqi, 830011 Xinjiang China
- Sino-Belgian Joint Laboratory for Geo-Information, Ghent and Urumqi, Belgium
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049 China
- Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 818 South Beijing Road, Urumqi, 830011 Xinjiang China
| | - Philippe De Maeyer
- Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 818 South Beijing Road, Urumqi, 830011 Xinjiang China
- Department of Geography, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S8, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Sino-Belgian Joint Laboratory for Geo-Information, Ghent and Urumqi, Belgium
| | - Xi Chen
- Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 818 South Beijing Road, Urumqi, 830011 Xinjiang China
- Sino-Belgian Joint Laboratory for Geo-Information, Ghent and Urumqi, Belgium
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049 China
- Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 818 South Beijing Road, Urumqi, 830011 Xinjiang China
| | - Jean Bourgeois
- Department of Archaeology, Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Sino-Belgian Joint Laboratory for Geo-Information, Ghent and Urumqi, Belgium
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15
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Liu Q, Li X, Zhou X, Li M, Zhang F, Schwarzacher T, Heslop-Harrison JS. The repetitive DNA landscape in Avena (Poaceae): chromosome and genome evolution defined by major repeat classes in whole-genome sequence reads. BMC Plant Biol 2019; 19:226. [PMID: 31146681 PMCID: PMC6543597 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1769-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Repetitive DNA motifs - not coding genetic information and repeated millions to hundreds of times - make up the majority of many genomes. Here, we identify the nature, abundance and organization of all the repetitive DNA families in oats (Avena sativa, 2n = 6x = 42, AACCDD), a recognized health-food, and its wild relatives. RESULTS Whole-genome sequencing followed by k-mer and RepeatExplorer graph-based clustering analyses enabled assessment of repetitive DNA composition in common oat and its wild relatives' genomes. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)-based karyotypes are developed to understand chromosome and repetitive sequence evolution of common oat. We show that some 200 repeated DNA motifs make up 70% of the Avena genome, with less than 20 families making up 20% of the total. Retroelements represent the major component, with Ty3/Gypsy elements representing more than 40% of all the DNA, nearly three times more abundant than Ty1/Copia elements. DNA transposons are about 5% of the total, while tandemly repeated, satellite DNA sequences fit into 55 families and represent about 2% of the genome. The Avena species are monophyletic, but both bioinformatic comparisons of repeats in the different genomes, and in situ hybridization to metaphase chromosomes from the hexaploid species, shows that some repeat families are specific to individual genomes, or the A and D genomes together. Notably, there are terminal regions of many chromosomes showing different repeat families from the rest of the chromosome, suggesting presence of translocations between the genomes. CONCLUSIONS The relatively small number of repeat families shows there are evolutionary constraints on their nature and amplification, with mechanisms leading to homogenization, while repeat characterization is useful in providing genome markers and to assist with future assemblies of this large genome (c. 4100 Mb in the diploid). The frequency of inter-genomic translocations suggests optimum strategies to exploit genetic variation from diploid oats for improvement of the hexaploid may differ from those used widely in bread wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization / Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization / Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangying Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization / Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mingzhi Li
- Genepioneer Biotechnologies Co. Ltd., Nanjing, China
| | - Fengjiao Zhang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Trude Schwarzacher
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization / Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - John Seymour Heslop-Harrison
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization / Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK.
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