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Oskarsdotter K, Nordgård CT, Apelgren P, Säljö K, Solbu AA, Eliasson E, Sämfors S, Sætrang HEM, Asdahl LC, Thompson EM, Troedsson C, Simonsson S, Strand BL, Gatenholm P, Kölby L. Injectable In Situ Crosslinking Hydrogel for Autologous Fat Grafting. Gels 2023; 9:813. [PMID: 37888386 PMCID: PMC10606883 DOI: 10.3390/gels9100813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Autologous fat grafting is hampered by unpredictable outcomes due to high tissue resorption. Hydrogels based on enzymatically pretreated tunicate nanocellulose (ETC) and alginate (ALG) are biocompatible, safe, and present physiochemical properties capable of promoting cell survival. Here, we compared in situ and ex situ crosslinking of ETC/ALG hydrogels combined with lipoaspirate human adipose tissue (LAT) to generate an injectable formulation capable of retaining dimensional stability in vivo. We performed in situ crosslinking using two different approaches; inducing Ca2+ release from CaCO3 microparticles (CMPs) and physiologically available Ca2+ in vivo. Additionally, we generated ex situ-crosslinked, 3D-bioprinted hydrogel-fat grafts. We found that in vitro optimization generated a CMP-crosslinking system with comparable stiffness to ex situ-crosslinked gels. Comparison of outcomes following in vivo injection of each respective crosslinked hydrogel revealed that after 30 days, in situ crosslinking generated fat grafts with less shape retention than 3D-bioprinted constructs that had undergone ex situ crosslinking. However, CMP addition improved fat-cell distribution and cell survival relative to grafts dependent on physiological Ca2+ alone. These findings suggested that in situ crosslinking using CMP might promote the dimensional stability of injectable fat-hydrogel grafts, although 3D bioprinting with ex situ crosslinking more effectively ensured proper shape stability in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Oskarsdotter
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Catherine T. Nordgård
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian Biopolymer Laboratory (NOBIPOL), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Peter Apelgren
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karin Säljö
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anita A. Solbu
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian Biopolymer Laboratory (NOBIPOL), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Edwin Eliasson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sanna Sämfors
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Lise Cathrine Asdahl
- DuPont Nutrition Norge AS d/b/a NovaMatrix, Postboks 223, 1377 Billingstad, Norway
| | - Eric M. Thompson
- Ocean TuniCell AS, 5258 Blomsterdalen, Norway
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, 5006 Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Stina Simonsson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Cell Biology, Institution of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Berit L. Strand
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian Biopolymer Laboratory (NOBIPOL), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Lars Kölby
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
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