[Advances in research on impaired ventilatory efficiency in cardiopulmonary exercise testing and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]

The investigation of the pathophysiological mechanisms and potential applications of impaired ventilatory efficiency in cardiopulmonary exercise testing has received considerable attention in the field of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) research worldwide. A growing body of evidence supports the notion that impaired ventilatory efficiency is an important indicator of exertional dyspnea, reduced exercise capacity, and mortality in patients with COPD. As a result, ventilatory efficiency is emerging as a promising therapeutic target for alleviating dyspnea in COPD patients. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the research progress into impaired ventilatory efficiency in patients with COPD. The primary objective of this review is to improve the understanding of COPD patients with impaired ventilatory efficiency, with the ultimate goal of facilitating the comprehensive assessment and management of COPD.

[Progress in pre-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]

Pre-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (Pre-COPD) refers to individuals with chronic respiratory symptoms, structural abnormalities, and/or functional abnormalities, in the absence of airflow limitation, who may develop persistent airflow limitation over time. COPD is characterized by high prevalence and great heterogeneity and complexity. Early multidimensional identification and promotion of early prevention, management and treatment of Pre-COPD can help delay or halt the development of COPD, which has significant public health implications. This review aimed to summarize the definition, relevant cohorts, clinical trials, and other research progress in pre-COPD in order to improve the understanding of individuals with pre-COPD and improve early prevention and management of COPD.

Genomic analysis and characterization of bacteriophage vB_SpuS_NX263 infecting Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Pullorum

In this study, a new Salmonella phage, NX263, was isolated from sewage. This phage could lyse 90.57% (48/53) of the bacterial strains tested and showed good activity over a wide range of temperature (up to 60°C) and pH (5-10). Phylogenetic analysis showed that it should be classified as a member of the genus Skatevirus. The genome of phage NX263 is 46,574 bp in length with a GC content of 45.52%. It contains 89 open reading frames and two tRNA genes. No lysogeny, drug resistance, or virulence-associated genes were identified in the genome sequence, suggesting that this phage could potentially be used to treat Salmonella Pullorum infections.

Label-Free and Reproducible Chemical Sensor Using the Vertical-Fluid-Array Induced Optical Fiber Long Period Grating (VIOLIN)

Fiber optical refractometers have gained a substantial reputation in biological and chemical sensing domain regarding their label-free and remote-operation working mode. However, the practical breakthrough of the fiber optical bio/chemosensor is impeded by a lack of reconfigurability as well as the explicitness of the determination between bulk and surface refractive indices. In this letter, we further implement the highly flexible and reproducible long period grating called "VIOLIN" in chemical sensing area for the demonstration of moving those obstacles. In this configuration, the liquid is not only leveraged as the chemical carrier but also the periodic modulation of the optical fiber to facilitate the resonant signal. The thiol compound that is adsorbed by the fluidic substrate can be transduced to the pure alteration of the bulk refractive index of the liquid, which can be sensitively perceived by the resonant drift. Taking advantage of its freely dismantled feature, the VIOLIN sensor enables flexible reproduction and high throughput detection, yielding a new vision to the fiber optic biochemical sensing field.