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Fang X, Vázquez-Baeza Y, Elijah E, Vargas F, Ackermann G, Humphrey G, Lau R, Weldon KC, Sanders JG, Panitchpakdi M, Carpenter C, Jarmusch AK, Neill J, Miralles A, Dulai P, Singh S, Tsai M, Swafford AD, Smarr L, Boyle DL, Palsson BO, Chang JT, Dorrestein PC, Sandborn WJ, Knight R, Boland BS. Gastrointestinal Surgery for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Persistently Lowers Microbiome and Metabolome Diversity. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2021; 27:603-616. [PMID: 33026068 PMCID: PMC8047854 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izaa262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies have investigated the role of the microbiome in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but few have focused on surgery specifically or its consequences on the metabolome that may differ by surgery type and require longitudinal sampling. Our objective was to characterize and contrast microbiome and metabolome changes after different surgeries for IBD, including ileocolonic resection and colectomy. METHODS The UC San Diego IBD Biobank was used to prospectively collect 332 stool samples from 129 subjects (50 ulcerative colitis; 79 Crohn's disease). Of these, 21 with Crohn's disease had ileocolonic resections, and 17 had colectomies. We used shotgun metagenomics and untargeted liquid chromatography followed by tandem mass spectrometry metabolomics to characterize the microbiomes and metabolomes of these patients up to 24 months after the initial sampling. RESULTS The species diversity and metabolite diversity both differed significantly among groups (species diversity: Mann-Whitney U test P value = 7.8e-17; metabolomics, P-value = 0.0043). Escherichia coli in particular expanded dramatically in relative abundance in subjects undergoing surgery. The species profile was better able to classify subjects according to surgery status than the metabolite profile (average precision 0.80 vs 0.68). CONCLUSIONS Intestinal surgeries seem to reduce the diversity of the gut microbiome and metabolome in IBD patients, and these changes may persist. Surgery also further destabilizes the microbiome (but not the metabolome) over time, even relative to the previously established instability in the microbiome of IBD patients. These long-term effects and their consequences for health outcomes need to be studied in prospective longitudinal trials linked to microbiome-involved phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Fang
- Department of Bioengineering University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Yoshiki Vázquez-Baeza
- Jacobs School of Engineering University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- Center for Microbiome Innovation University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Emmanuel Elijah
- Center for Microbiome Innovation University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Fernando Vargas
- Department of Pharmacology University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Gail Ackermann
- Department of Pediatrics University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Gregory Humphrey
- Department of Pediatrics University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca Lau
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kelly C Weldon
- Center for Microbiome Innovation University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jon G Sanders
- Department of Bioengineering University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- Cornell Institute of Host–Microbe Interaction and Disease, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | - Carolina Carpenter
- Center for Microbiome Innovation University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Alan K Jarmusch
- Department of Pharmacology University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer Neill
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Ara Miralles
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Parambir Dulai
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Siddharth Singh
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Matthew Tsai
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Austin D Swafford
- Center for Microbiome Innovation University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Larry Smarr
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- California Institute for Telecommunications and Information Technology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - David L Boyle
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Bernhard O Palsson
- Department of Bioengineering University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - John T Chang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Pieter C Dorrestein
- Department of Pharmacology University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - William J Sandborn
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Rob Knight
- Department of Bioengineering University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- Center for Microbiome Innovation University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Brigid S Boland
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
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Esparza LA, Schafer D, Ho BS, Thackray VG, Kauffman AS. Hyperactive LH Pulses and Elevated Kisspeptin and NKB Gene Expression in the Arcuate Nucleus of a PCOS Mouse Model. Endocrinology 2020; 161:5730164. [PMID: 32031594 PMCID: PMC7341557 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a common reproductive disorder in women, is characterized by hyperandrogenemia, chronic anovulation, cystic ovarian follicles, and luteinizing hormone (LH) hyper-pulsatility, but the pathophysiology isn't completely understood. We recently reported a novel mouse model of PCOS using chronic letrozole (LET; aromatase inhibitor). Letrozole-treated females demonstrate multiple PCOS-like phenotypes, including polycystic ovaries, anovulation, and elevated circulating testosterone and LH, assayed in "one-off" measures. However, due to technical limitations, in vivo LH pulsatile secretion, which is elevated in PCOS women, was not previously studied, nor were the possible changes in reproductive neurons. Here, we used recent technical advances to examine in vivo LH pulse dynamics of freely moving LET female mice versus control and ovariectomized (OVX) mice. We also determined whether neural gene expression of important reproductive regulators such as kisspeptin, neurokinin B (NKB), and dynorphin, is altered in LET females. Compared to controls, LET females exhibited very rapid, elevated in vivo LH pulsatility, with increased pulse frequency, amplitude, and basal levels, similar to PCOS women. Letrozole-treated mice also had markedly elevated Kiss1, Tac2, and Pdyn expression and increased Kiss1 neuronal activation in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus. Notably, the hyperactive LH pulses and increased kisspeptin neuron measures of LET mice were not as elevated as OVX females. Our findings indicate that LET mice, like PCOS women, have markedly elevated LH pulsatility, which likely drives increased androgen secretion. Increased hypothalamic kisspeptin and NKB levels may be fundamental contributors to the hyperactive LH pulse secretion in the LET PCOS-like condition and, perhaps, in PCOS women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes A Esparza
- Department of OBGYN and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Danielle Schafer
- Department of OBGYN and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Brian S Ho
- Department of OBGYN and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Varykina G Thackray
- Department of OBGYN and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Alexander S Kauffman
- Department of OBGYN and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Correspondence: Dr. Alexander S. Kauffman, Department of Reproductive Medicine, Leichtag Building, Room 3A-15, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive #0674, La Jolla, California 92093. E-mail:
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