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Syed Mohd Dardin SF, Mohd-Ali B, Mohamad Shahimin M, Mohd Saman MN, Mohidin N. Corneal Characteristics of Myopic Malay School Children and Their Association with Axial Length. Clin Optom (Auckl) 2024; 16:107-114. [PMID: 38596476 PMCID: PMC11001563 DOI: 10.2147/opto.s431608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Corneal characteristics are unique to each eye and can vary among different levels of refractive errors. However, minimal data are available in the literature on corneal characteristics in myopic Malay school children including the difference between the low myopic group and the moderate myopic group. Therefore, this study aims to determine the corneal characteristics of myopic Malay school children and their associations with axial length. Methods A total of eighty-four data samples were extracted from forty-two myopic Malay school children. Measurements of the central corneal thickness (CCT), corneal curvature, corneal diameter, and axial length were measured using Lenstar LS900, a non-contact optical biometer. Data were later stratified by the spherical equivalent refraction (SER) into a low myopic group and a moderate myopic group, and paired t-test were employed to determine the differences in the corneal characteristics between these two groups. Univariate and multivariate linear regressions were performed to identify factors that are significantly associated with axial length. Results There was no significant difference in the CCT, corneal curvature and corneal diameter between the low myopic group and the moderate myopic group (t82=0.015, P=0.99), (t82=-0.802, P=0.43) and (t82=-0.575, P=0.57), respectively. Pearson univariate correlation analysis found that axial length significantly correlated with corneal curvature (r=-0.765, P<0.001) and corneal diameter (r=0.614, P<0.001) but no significant correlation found with CCT (r=0.046, P=0.68). Multiple regression analysis showed that axial length was significantly associated with a flatter corneal curvature (P<0.001), older age (P<0.001) and larger corneal diameter (P=0.02). Conclusion This study reported the corneal characteristics in myopic Malay school children and its associations with axial length. Results of this study can serve as a reference value for the myopic Malay schoolchild population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syarifah Faiza Syed Mohd Dardin
- Optometry & Vision Science Program and Research Centre for Community Health (ReaCH), Faculty of Health Science, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Optometry Service, Allied Health Science Division, Medical Programme, Ministry of Health, Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | - Bariah Mohd-Ali
- Optometry & Vision Science Program and Research Centre for Community Health (ReaCH), Faculty of Health Science, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mizhanim Mohamad Shahimin
- Optometry & Vision Science Program and Research Centre for Community Health (ReaCH), Faculty of Health Science, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Norhafizun Mohd Saman
- Optometry & Vision Science Program and Research Centre for Community Health (ReaCH), Faculty of Health Science, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norhani Mohidin
- Optometry & Vision Science Program and Research Centre for Community Health (ReaCH), Faculty of Health Science, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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De Gaspari M, Sinigiani G, De Michieli L, Della Barbera M, Rizzo S, Thiene G, Iliceto S, Perazzolo Marra M, Mele D, Basso C, Cipriani A. Relative apical sparing in cardiac amyloidosis is not always explained by an amyloid gradient. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2023; 24:1258-1268. [PMID: 37191052 PMCID: PMC10445246 DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jead107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Myocardial longitudinal strain (LS) by two-dimensional (2D) speckle-tracking echocardiography has a diagnostic and prognostic role in cardiac amyloidosis (CA). Typically, the apical segments of the left ventricle (LV) are less affected by LS abnormalities, a finding called relative apical sparing (RELAPS). Whether a variable burden of CA might explain the RELAPS remains unknown.We aimed to evaluate the extent, distribution, and deposition pattern of amyloid in autopsy hearts of CA patients and to correlate the histopathology findings with 2D echocardiography. METHODS AND RESULTS This is a retrospective study of whole heart specimens of CA patients who died and underwent autopsy and 2D echocardiography. Amyloid burden quantification was assessed by histomorphometry in each segment at different LV levels. The LS analysis results were compared with the amyloid burden and the base-to-apex distribution.Histopathology investigation of 27 hearts with CA [immunoglobulin light chains (AL) 17 cases and transthyretin (ATTR) 10 cases] demonstrated an amyloid base-to-apex gradient. In 11 CA patients with 2D echocardiography, analysis of LS and histological amyloid burden allowed to identify different patterns: RELAPS (8 cases, 73%), with (2) or without (6) amyloid gradient, normal or mildly reduced LS with diffuse low amyloid (2, 18%), and severely reduced LS with diffuse high amyloid (1, 9%). CONCLUSION The typical RELAPS pattern at echocardiography is not always explained by a base-to-apex gradient of amyloid burden at histopathology, suggesting that RELAPS might be an epiphenomenon of complex interactions among amyloid infiltration, myocardial structure, and adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica De Gaspari
- Department of Cardio-Thoraco-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Via N. Giustiniani 2 - 35121 Padua, Italy
- Cardiovascular Pathology Unit, University Hospital of Padua, Via A. Gabelli 61 - 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Giulio Sinigiani
- Department of Cardio-Thoraco-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Via N. Giustiniani 2 - 35121 Padua, Italy
- Cardiology Unit, University Hospital of Padua, Via N. Giustiniani 2 - 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Laura De Michieli
- Department of Cardio-Thoraco-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Via N. Giustiniani 2 - 35121 Padua, Italy
- Cardiology Unit, University Hospital of Padua, Via N. Giustiniani 2 - 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Mila Della Barbera
- Department of Cardio-Thoraco-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Via N. Giustiniani 2 - 35121 Padua, Italy
- Cardiovascular Pathology Unit, University Hospital of Padua, Via A. Gabelli 61 - 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Stefania Rizzo
- Department of Cardio-Thoraco-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Via N. Giustiniani 2 - 35121 Padua, Italy
- Cardiovascular Pathology Unit, University Hospital of Padua, Via A. Gabelli 61 - 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Gaetano Thiene
- Department of Cardio-Thoraco-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Via N. Giustiniani 2 - 35121 Padua, Italy
- Cardiovascular Pathology Unit, University Hospital of Padua, Via A. Gabelli 61 - 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Sabino Iliceto
- Department of Cardio-Thoraco-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Via N. Giustiniani 2 - 35121 Padua, Italy
- Cardiology Unit, University Hospital of Padua, Via N. Giustiniani 2 - 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Martina Perazzolo Marra
- Department of Cardio-Thoraco-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Via N. Giustiniani 2 - 35121 Padua, Italy
- Cardiology Unit, University Hospital of Padua, Via N. Giustiniani 2 - 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Donato Mele
- Department of Cardio-Thoraco-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Via N. Giustiniani 2 - 35121 Padua, Italy
- Cardiology Unit, University Hospital of Padua, Via N. Giustiniani 2 - 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Cristina Basso
- Department of Cardio-Thoraco-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Via N. Giustiniani 2 - 35121 Padua, Italy
- Cardiovascular Pathology Unit, University Hospital of Padua, Via A. Gabelli 61 - 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Alberto Cipriani
- Department of Cardio-Thoraco-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Via N. Giustiniani 2 - 35121 Padua, Italy
- Cardiology Unit, University Hospital of Padua, Via N. Giustiniani 2 - 35121 Padua, Italy
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